Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Question 1

What does the uterus harbor?

Answer 1

The fetus

Question 2

____ is a thick muscular chamber that opens into roof of the vagina

Answer 2

Uterus

Question 3

The uterus is _ shaped

Answer 3

Pear

Question 4

What are the parts of thw uterus?

Answer 4

Fundus, body/corpus, cervix

Question 5

The lumen of the uterus is roughly ______

Answer 5

triangular

Question 6

What does the cervical canal connect?

Answer 6

The lumen of the uterus to the vagina

Question 7

The ____ secrete mucus that prevents spread of microorganisms from vagina to uterus

Answer 7

cervical glands

Question 8

The uterine wall has 3 layers, what are they?

Answer 8

perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium

Question 9

The ____ is the external serosa layer of the unterine wall

Answer 9

Perimetrium

Question 10

The ____ is the middle muscular layer of the uterine wall

Answer 10

myometrium

Question 11

What kind of muscle makes up the myometrium?

Answer 11

Smooth

Question 12

The ________ layer produces labor contractions, expels fetus

Answer 12

Myometrium

Question 13

The ________ is the inner mucosa of the uterine wall

Answer 13

Endometrium

Question 14

What kind of epitheilum is the endometrium made of?

Answer 14

Simple columnar with compound tubular glands

Question 15

What are the layers of the endometrium?

Answer 15

Stratum functionalis
Stratum basalis

Question 16

What superficial layer of the endometrium sheds each menstrual cycle?

Answer 16

stratum functionalis

Question 17

What deep layer of the endometrium regenerates a new stratum functionalis with each menstrual cycle?

Answer 17

Stratum basalis

Question 18

What are the ligaments of the reproductive tract?

Answer 18

broad, cardinal, uterosacral, round ligaments

Question 19

The blood supply to the female reproductive tract goes as follows: ____________(branches off into) - Common iliac - ________(gives rise to) - Uterine artery (penetrates into myometrium) – Arcuate artery (travels around uterus and gives rise to smaller – ________ (penetrated endometrium)

Answer 19

Aorta, internal illiac, spiral artery

Question 20

What can hormonal changes of the female reproductive tract cause?

Answer 20

spiral artery vasoconstriction, necrosis of stratum functionalis and menstrual flow

Question 21

What is puberty triggered by?

Answer 21

rising levels of GnRH

Question 22

The GnRH anterior lobe of pituitary to produce

Answer 22

FSH and LH

Question 23

The FSH stimulates ovarian follicles and they begin to secrete _________

Answer 23

estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, and a small amount of androgen

Question 24

Estradiol (most abundant), estriol, and estrone
are all __________

Answer 24

estrogens (feminizing hormones)

Question 25

________ does the following: Stimulates vaginal metaplasia Stimulates growth of ovaries and secondary sex organs Stimulates growth hormone secretion Increase in height and widening of pelvis Stimulates fat deposition (breast, hips, etc…) Thickens skin But girls’ skin is still thinner, softer, and warmer than boys

Answer 25

Estradiol

Question 26

________ primarily acts on the uterus preparing it for possible pregnancy in the second half of the menstrual cycle

Answer 26

Progesterone

Question 27

____ cycle is events occurring between fertilization and giving birth, while ____ cycle are events recurring every month when pregnancy does not occur

Answer 27

Reproductive Sexual

Question 28

What are the two interrelated cycles controlled by shifting patterns of hormone secretion?

Answer 28

Ovarian and menstrual cycle

Question 29

The ____ secretes estradiol

Answer 29

maturing follicle

Question 30

What does estradiol stimulate?

Answer 30

The hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Question 31

The ________ sceretes GnRH

Answer 31

hypothalamus

Question 32

GnRH and estradiol stimulate the pituitary to secrete _- and ______

Answer 32

LH and FSH

Question 33

What happens when the oocyte completes meiosis I?

Answer 33

Follicle rapidly enlarges then ovulates

Question 34

What does the male reproductive system compose of?

Answer 34

Primary and secondary sex organs

Question 35

The primary sex organs collectively called _____ are made up of and , and they produce _ (_ and _)

Answer 35

gonads testes and ovaries gametes sperm/egg

Question 36

Secondary sex organs are organs other than gonads that are necsessary for ______

Answer 36

reproduction

Question 37

system of ducts, glands; penis delivers sperm cells are the secondary sex organs of the ____ reproductive system

Answer 37

Male

Question 38

The uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina receive sperm and harbor developing fetus make up the ____ reproductive system

Answer 38

Female

Question 39

Human testes reside in the scrotum because of its ______

Answer 39

Cooler environment

Question 40

What temperature can sperm be produced?

Answer 40

35 degrees celsius

Question 41

Why is the testes/testicles combined endocrine and exocrine glands?

Answer 41

They produce sex hormones and sperm

Question 42

____ is a connective tissue layer that surrounds both the testes and the ovary (white)

Answer 42

Tunica albuginea

Question 43

____ is connective tissue that divides testes into 250 to 300 wedge-shaped lobules containing 1 to 3 seminiferous tubules

Answer 43

Septa

Question 44

____ are ducts where sperm are produced

Answer 44

Seminiferous tubules

Question 45

Each tubule lined with a thick germinal epithelium of ________ cells (becoming sperm) and ________________ (sustentacular) cells

Answer 45

germ and nurse

Question 46

What do germ cells become?

Answer 46

sperm

Question 47

Where can nurse cells be found?

Answer 47

In between germ cells

Question 48

What cells (endocrine system) between seminiferous tubules produce testosterone?

Answer 48

Interstitial

Question 49

____ is formed by junctions between nurse cells

Answer 49

Blood-testis barrier

Question 50

________ Separates sperm from immune system

Answer 50

Blood-testis barrier

Question 51

________ Prevents antibodies and other large molecules in the blood from getting to germ cells

Answer 51

Blood testis barriers

Question 52

Why are germ cells attacked by the immune system?

Answer 52

They are immunologiaclly differnt from body cells

Question 53

sperm is produced in the ____ tubules

Answer 53

Seminiferous

Question 54

Where do the seminiferous tubules drain, where sperm is partially matured?

Answer 54

Rete testis

Question 55

The testicular artery arises from the ______

Answer 55

Abdominal aorta

Question 56

The ________ are about 12 small ciliated ducts collecting sperm from rete testes

Answer 56

efferent ductules

Question 57

What transports sperm to the epidymis?

Answer 57

Efferent ductules

Question 58

The epididymis is the site of?

Answer 58

Site of sperm maturation and storage

Question 59

What undergoes peristalis during orgasm?

Answer 59

Ductus (vas) deferens

Question 60

What are the 3 accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

Answer 60

Seminal vesicles, prostate glands, bulbourethral glands

Question 61

What secretes seminal fluids and makes up about 60% of male semen, emptying into the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 61

Seminal vesicles

Question 62

What makes up 30% of male semen?

Answer 62

Prostate galnd

Question 63

during sexual arousal, they produce a clear slippery fluid that lubricates the head of the penis in preparation for intercours

Answer 63

Bulbouretehral gland

Question 64

____ is known as noncancerous enlargement of the prostate, and promotes bladder and kidney infections

Answer 64

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 65

What is the second most common cancer among men?

Answer 65

Prostate

Question 66

What hormone does the hypothalamus produce after maturation?

Answer 66

GnRH (Gonadotrpic releasing hormone)

Question 67

What does the GnRH stimulate the gonadotropes to secrete?

Answer 67

LH and FSH

Question 68

________ stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone

Answer 68

LH

Question 69

____ stimulates nurse (sustentacular cells) to secrete androgen-binding protein that binds testosterone, keeping it in seminiferous tubules lumen to stimulate spermatogenesis

Answer 69

FSH