Male and Female Reproductive Systems Flashcards
What does the uterus harbor?
The fetus
____ is a thick muscular chamber that opens into roof of the vagina
Uterus
The uterus is _ shaped
Pear
What are the parts of thw uterus?
Fundus, body/corpus, cervix
The lumen of the uterus is roughly ______
triangular
What does the cervical canal connect?
The lumen of the uterus to the vagina
The ____ secrete mucus that prevents spread of microorganisms from vagina to uterus
cervical glands
The uterine wall has 3 layers, what are they?
perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium
The ____ is the external serosa layer of the unterine wall
Perimetrium
The ____ is the middle muscular layer of the uterine wall
myometrium
What kind of muscle makes up the myometrium?
Smooth
The ________ layer produces labor contractions, expels fetus
Myometrium
The ________ is the inner mucosa of the uterine wall
Endometrium
What kind of epitheilum is the endometrium made of?
Simple columnar with compound tubular glands
What are the layers of the endometrium?
Stratum functionalis
Stratum basalis
What superficial layer of the endometrium sheds each menstrual cycle?
stratum functionalis
What deep layer of the endometrium regenerates a new stratum functionalis with each menstrual cycle?
Stratum basalis
What are the ligaments of the reproductive tract?
broad, cardinal, uterosacral, round ligaments
The blood supply to the female reproductive tract goes as follows: ____________(branches off into) - Common iliac - ________(gives rise to) - Uterine artery (penetrates into myometrium) – Arcuate artery (travels around uterus and gives rise to smaller – ________ (penetrated endometrium)
Aorta, internal illiac, spiral artery
What can hormonal changes of the female reproductive tract cause?
spiral artery vasoconstriction, necrosis of stratum functionalis and menstrual flow
What is puberty triggered by?
rising levels of GnRH
The GnRH anterior lobe of pituitary to produce
FSH and LH
The FSH stimulates ovarian follicles and they begin to secrete _________
estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, and a small amount of androgen
Estradiol (most abundant), estriol, and estrone
are all __________
estrogens (feminizing hormones)
________ does the following: Stimulates vaginal metaplasia
Stimulates growth of ovaries and secondary sex organs
Stimulates growth hormone secretion
Increase in height and widening of pelvis
Stimulates fat deposition (breast, hips, etc…)
Thickens skin
But girls’ skin is still thinner, softer, and warmer than boys
Estradiol
________ primarily acts on the uterus preparing it for possible pregnancy in the second half of the menstrual cycle
Progesterone
____ cycle is events occurring between fertilization and giving birth, while ____ cycle are events recurring every month when pregnancy does not occur
Reproductive
Sexual
What are the two interrelated cycles controlled by shifting patterns of hormone secretion?
Ovarian and menstrual cycle
The ____ secretes estradiol
maturing follicle
What does estradiol stimulate?
The hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
The ________ sceretes GnRH
hypothalamus
GnRH and estradiol stimulate the pituitary to secrete _- and ______
LH and FSH
What happens when the oocyte completes meiosis I?
Follicle rapidly enlarges then ovulates
What does the male reproductive system compose of?
Primary and secondary sex organs
The primary sex organs collectively called _____ are made up of and , and they produce _ (_ and _)
gonads
testes and ovaries
gametes
sperm/egg
Secondary sex organs are organs other than gonads that are necsessary for ______
reproduction
system of ducts, glands; penis delivers sperm cells are the secondary sex organs of the ____ reproductive system
Male
The uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina receive sperm and harbor developing fetus make up the ____ reproductive system
Female
Human testes reside in the scrotum because of its ______
Cooler environment
What temperature can sperm be produced?
35 degrees celsius
Why is the testes/testicles combined endocrine and exocrine glands?
They produce sex hormones and sperm
____ is a connective tissue layer that surrounds both the testes and the ovary (white)
Tunica albuginea
____ is connective tissue that divides testes into 250 to 300 wedge-shaped lobules containing 1 to 3 seminiferous tubules
Septa
____ are ducts where sperm are produced
Seminiferous tubules
Each tubule lined with a thick germinal epithelium of ________ cells (becoming sperm) and ________________ (sustentacular) cells
germ and nurse
What do germ cells become?
sperm
Where can nurse cells be found?
In between germ cells
What cells (endocrine system) between seminiferous tubules produce testosterone?
Interstitial
____ is formed by junctions between nurse cells
Blood-testis barrier
________ Separates sperm from immune system
Blood-testis barrier
________ Prevents antibodies and other large molecules in the blood from getting to germ cells
Blood testis barriers
Why are germ cells attacked by the immune system?
They are immunologiaclly differnt from body cells
sperm is produced in the ____ tubules
Seminiferous
Where do the seminiferous tubules drain, where sperm is partially matured?
Rete testis
The testicular artery arises from the ______
Abdominal aorta
The ________ are about 12 small ciliated ducts collecting sperm from rete testes
efferent ductules
What transports sperm to the epidymis?
Efferent ductules
The epididymis is the site of?
Site of sperm maturation and storage
What undergoes peristalis during orgasm?
Ductus (vas) deferens
What are the 3 accessory glands of the male reproductive system?
Seminal vesicles, prostate glands, bulbourethral glands
What secretes seminal fluids and makes up about 60% of male semen, emptying into the ejaculatory duct?
Seminal vesicles
What makes up 30% of male semen?
Prostate galnd
during sexual arousal, they produce a clear slippery fluid that lubricates the head of the penis in preparation for intercours
Bulbouretehral gland
____ is known as noncancerous enlargement of the prostate, and promotes bladder and kidney infections
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
What is the second most common cancer among men?
Prostate
What hormone does the hypothalamus produce after maturation?
GnRH (Gonadotrpic releasing hormone)
What does the GnRH stimulate the gonadotropes to secrete?
LH and FSH
________ stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone
LH
____ stimulates nurse (sustentacular cells) to secrete androgen-binding protein that binds testosterone, keeping it in seminiferous tubules lumen to stimulate spermatogenesis
FSH
