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A & P 2 > Male and Female Reproductive Systems > Flashcards

Male and Female Reproductive Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What does the uterus harbor?

A

The fetus

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2
Q

____ is a thick muscular chamber that opens into roof of the vagina

A

Uterus

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3
Q

The uterus is _ shaped

A

Pear

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4
Q

What are the parts of thw uterus?

A

Fundus, body/corpus, cervix

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5
Q

The lumen of the uterus is roughly ______

A

triangular

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6
Q

What does the cervical canal connect?

A

The lumen of the uterus to the vagina

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7
Q

The ____ secrete mucus that prevents spread of microorganisms from vagina to uterus

A

cervical glands

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8
Q

The uterine wall has 3 layers, what are they?

A

perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium

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9
Q

The ____ is the external serosa layer of the unterine wall

A

Perimetrium

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10
Q

The ____ is the middle muscular layer of the uterine wall

A

myometrium

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11
Q

What kind of muscle makes up the myometrium?

A

Smooth

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12
Q

The ________ layer produces labor contractions, expels fetus

A

Myometrium

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13
Q

The ________ is the inner mucosa of the uterine wall

A

Endometrium

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14
Q

What kind of epitheilum is the endometrium made of?

A

Simple columnar with compound tubular glands

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15
Q

What are the layers of the endometrium?

A

Stratum functionalis
Stratum basalis

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16
Q

What superficial layer of the endometrium sheds each menstrual cycle?

A

stratum functionalis

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17
Q

What deep layer of the endometrium regenerates a new stratum functionalis with each menstrual cycle?

A

Stratum basalis

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18
Q

What are the ligaments of the reproductive tract?

A

broad, cardinal, uterosacral, round ligaments

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19
Q

The blood supply to the female reproductive tract goes as follows: ____________(branches off into) - Common iliac - ________(gives rise to) - Uterine artery (penetrates into myometrium) – Arcuate artery (travels around uterus and gives rise to smaller – ________ (penetrated endometrium)

A

Aorta, internal illiac, spiral artery

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20
Q

What can hormonal changes of the female reproductive tract cause?

A

spiral artery vasoconstriction, necrosis of stratum functionalis and menstrual flow

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21
Q

What is puberty triggered by?

A

rising levels of GnRH

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22
Q

The GnRH anterior lobe of pituitary to produce

A

FSH and LH

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23
Q

The FSH stimulates ovarian follicles and they begin to secrete _________

A

estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, and a small amount of androgen

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24
Q

Estradiol (most abundant), estriol, and estrone
are all __________

A

estrogens (feminizing hormones)

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25
Q

________ does the following: Stimulates vaginal metaplasia
Stimulates growth of ovaries and secondary sex organs
Stimulates growth hormone secretion
Increase in height and widening of pelvis
Stimulates fat deposition (breast, hips, etc…)
Thickens skin
But girls’ skin is still thinner, softer, and warmer than boys

A

Estradiol

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26
Q

________ primarily acts on the uterus preparing it for possible pregnancy in the second half of the menstrual cycle

A

Progesterone

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27
Q

____ cycle is events occurring between fertilization and giving birth, while ____ cycle are events recurring every month when pregnancy does not occur

A

Reproductive
Sexual

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28
Q

What are the two interrelated cycles controlled by shifting patterns of hormone secretion?

A

Ovarian and menstrual cycle

29
Q

The ____ secretes estradiol

A

maturing follicle

30
Q

What does estradiol stimulate?

A

The hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

31
Q

The ________ sceretes GnRH

A

hypothalamus

32
Q

GnRH and estradiol stimulate the pituitary to secrete _- and ______

A

LH and FSH

33
Q

What happens when the oocyte completes meiosis I?

A

Follicle rapidly enlarges then ovulates

34
Q

What does the male reproductive system compose of?

A

Primary and secondary sex organs

35
Q

The primary sex organs collectively called _____ are made up of and , and they produce _ (_ and _)

A

gonads
testes and ovaries
gametes
sperm/egg

36
Q

Secondary sex organs are organs other than gonads that are necsessary for ______

A

reproduction

37
Q

system of ducts, glands; penis delivers sperm cells are the secondary sex organs of the ____ reproductive system

A

Male

38
Q

The uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina receive sperm and harbor developing fetus make up the ____ reproductive system

A

Female

39
Q

Human testes reside in the scrotum because of its ______

A

Cooler environment

40
Q

What temperature can sperm be produced?

A

35 degrees celsius

41
Q

Why is the testes/testicles combined endocrine and exocrine glands?

A

They produce sex hormones and sperm

42
Q

____ is a connective tissue layer that surrounds both the testes and the ovary (white)

A

Tunica albuginea

43
Q

____ is connective tissue that divides testes into 250 to 300 wedge-shaped lobules containing 1 to 3 seminiferous tubules

A

Septa

44
Q

____ are ducts where sperm are produced

A

Seminiferous tubules

45
Q

Each tubule lined with a thick germinal epithelium of ________ cells (becoming sperm) and ________________ (sustentacular) cells

A

germ and nurse

46
Q

What do germ cells become?

A

sperm

47
Q

Where can nurse cells be found?

A

In between germ cells

48
Q

What cells (endocrine system) between seminiferous tubules produce testosterone?

A

Interstitial

49
Q

____ is formed by junctions between nurse cells

A

Blood-testis barrier

50
Q

________ Separates sperm from immune system

A

Blood-testis barrier

51
Q

________ Prevents antibodies and other large molecules in the blood from getting to germ cells

A

Blood testis barriers

52
Q

Why are germ cells attacked by the immune system?

A

They are immunologiaclly differnt from body cells

53
Q

sperm is produced in the ____ tubules

A

Seminiferous

54
Q

Where do the seminiferous tubules drain, where sperm is partially matured?

A

Rete testis

55
Q

The testicular artery arises from the ______

A

Abdominal aorta

56
Q

The ________ are about 12 small ciliated ducts collecting sperm from rete testes

A

efferent ductules

57
Q

What transports sperm to the epidymis?

A

Efferent ductules

58
Q

The epididymis is the site of?

A

Site of sperm maturation and storage

59
Q

What undergoes peristalis during orgasm?

A

Ductus (vas) deferens

60
Q

What are the 3 accessory glands of the male reproductive system?

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate glands, bulbourethral glands

61
Q

What secretes seminal fluids and makes up about 60% of male semen, emptying into the ejaculatory duct?

A

Seminal vesicles

62
Q

What makes up 30% of male semen?

A

Prostate galnd

63
Q

during sexual arousal, they produce a clear slippery fluid that lubricates the head of the penis in preparation for intercours

A

Bulbouretehral gland

64
Q

____ is known as noncancerous enlargement of the prostate, and promotes bladder and kidney infections

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

65
Q

What is the second most common cancer among men?

A

Prostate

66
Q

What hormone does the hypothalamus produce after maturation?

A

GnRH (Gonadotrpic releasing hormone)

67
Q

What does the GnRH stimulate the gonadotropes to secrete?

A

LH and FSH

68
Q

________ stimulates interstitial cells to produce testosterone

A

LH

69
Q

____ stimulates nurse (sustentacular cells) to secrete androgen-binding protein that binds testosterone, keeping it in seminiferous tubules lumen to stimulate spermatogenesis

A

FSH

A & P 2 (12 decks)

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