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AUDE 5260 Human Anatomy & Neuroanatomy > Neurovasculature > Flashcards

Neurovasculature Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two main divisions of neurovasculature

A

Carotid circulation
Vertebrobasilar circulation (aka vertebral-basilar system)

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2
Q

what does the brain need?

A

great deal of oxygen and glucose from the blood

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3
Q

4 major arteries supplying majority of CNS from heart

A

yes,
2 vertebrals
2 IC

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4
Q

why is it important to have 4 major supplies to the CNS from the heart?

A

important because if 1 or 2 gets occluded, can still get enough blood to brain to survive and do ok
can survive on 2 of them

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5
Q

ascends from the left ventricle of the heart

A

aorta

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6
Q

arise from the aorta and subclavian arteries

A

CC and vertebral arteries

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7
Q

anterior supply

A

carotid

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8
Q

posterior supply of blood to the head

A

vertebral

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9
Q

branch off from the subclavian arteries and provide about 20% of the blood supply to the CNS

A

vertebral arteries

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10
Q

blood supply brainstem, cerebellum, parts of the diencephalon, spinal cord, occipital and temporal lobes

A

vertebral

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11
Q

blood to brain, eyes, etc

A

internal carotid

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12
Q

blood to face and mouth

A

external carotid

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13
Q

~80% of the blood supply to the telencephalon and diencephalon

A

internal carotid arteries

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14
Q

supplies areas of the cerebellum, medulla and choroid plexus of the 4th ventricle

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

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15
Q

spinal cord (posterior side)
2

A

Posterior spinal arteries

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16
Q

anterior SC
single one

A

Anterior spinal artery

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17
Q

is one va larger than the other?

A

yes, the left is

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18
Q

supply inferior portion of cerebellum including the flocculus

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries

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19
Q

supply superior cerebellum, much of the caudal midbrain and rostral pons

A

Superior cerebellar arteries (SiCA)

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20
Q

supply caudal diencephalon, medial occipital lobe and inferior temporal lobe

A

at the level of the midbrain—posterior cerebral arteries

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21
Q

arteries around to back of pons and Anterior Inferior Cerebellar a. to Cochlear Nuculeus

A

circumferential

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22
Q

supply SOC into pons tissue

A

Penetrating arteries

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23
Q

supply to Inferior Colliculus and some MGB at pons

A

Superior Cerebellar a. and Posterior Cerebral a

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24
Q

directly from basilar artery or from anterior inferior cerebellar artery

A

Internal auditory or labyrinthine arteries

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25
Q

Begins at upper border of the thyroid cartilage and ascends to reach the base of the skull

A

internal carotid

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26
Q

Enters at the carotid canal (aka lacerum)

A

internal carotid

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27
Q

what branches off of the IC and divides into the many branches

A

opthalamic artery

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28
Q

gives rise to middle cerebral arteries and anterior cerebral arteries, as well as posterior communicating arteries (More with Circle of Willis)

A

internal carotid

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29
Q

arises opposite the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, inclines backwards to space between the neck and condyle of the lower jaw and the external auditory meatus

A

external carotid

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30
Q

Divides into temporal and internal maxillary arteries

A

external carotid

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31
Q

Branches—supply the neck, face and base of skull

A

external carotid

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32
Q

what is our safety valve?

A

circle of willis

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33
Q

provides main blood supply to the lateral surface of cerebral hemispheres.

A

Middle cerebral artery

34
Q

supply the superior, posterior and inferior borders.
supply the medial portion of the cerebral hemispheres.

A

Anterior and posterior cerebral arteries s

35
Q

supply the temporal lobe.

A

Middle and posterior cerebral arteries

36
Q

what is a water shed area?

A

one artery ends and the next picks up

37
Q

blood supply midline of longitudinal fissure

A

anterior cerebral artery

38
Q

blood supply of midline of temporal lobe

A

posterior cerebral artyer

39
Q

blood supply around the lateral fissure

A

middle cerebral artery

40
Q

anastomosis

A

interconnections

41
Q

why do we have the circle of willis? How is it made?

A
42
Q

signs of a stroke

A

B = Balance: Sudden loss of balance
E = Eyes: Loss of vision in one or both eyes
F = Face: Face droops on one side
A = Arms: Arm drops when both arms are raised
S = Speech: Speech is slurred or sounds different
T = Time: Time to get help immediately

43
Q

do we always know what causes SNHL?

A

no, evidence that ~40% maybe from vascular deficits

44
Q

decusations of pyramid

A

go across the two sides of medulla

45
Q

olives

A

bulges on side of medulla

46
Q

what is angiography

A

medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers

47
Q

cavities formed by the endosteal and meningeal layers of the dura mater

A

venous sinuses

48
Q

all sinuses join together and dump out into

A

the jugular vein

49
Q

abnormalities with blood supply

A

Degrees of variation or normal in neurovasculature
Vascular plasticity
Reorganization of blood flow due to longstanding atherosclerotic disease

50
Q

what makes the plasticity in our blood supply?

A

circle of willis

51
Q

weakened arterial walls that balloon (look like berries) and can rupture and cause intracranial bleeding

A

berry aneurysms

52
Q

a large network of blood vessels

A

plexus

53
Q

large amounts of blood escapes into surrounding tissues without clotting

A

hemorrhage

54
Q

small amounts of blood that escape into surrounding tissues causing bruising

A

hematoma

55
Q

a foreign body (blood clot) that travels within the body and can constrict blood flow

A

embolus

56
Q

a blood clot, a lesion attached to the inner vessel wall, can block partially or fully the flow of blood.

A

thrombus

57
Q

most common cause of neurological deficits

A

Cerebrovascular disease and accidents

58
Q

what can cause malfunction and death of neurons

A

reduction in blood flow

59
Q

necrotic region of tissue

A

infarct

60
Q

abrupt incident of vascular insufficiency

A

stroke

61
Q

loss of blood supply due to mechanical blockage

A

ischemic stroke

62
Q

blood clot within a vessel (attached)

A

thrombus

63
Q

a bit of foreign matter, such as a blood clot or atherosclerotic plaque carried in the bloodstream (could be detached thrombus)

A

embolus

64
Q

minutes to hours, usually from an emboli that is broken down

A

transient ischemic stroke (mini stroke)

65
Q

a localized mass of blood outside of blood vessels that is relatively or completely confined within an organ or tissue, a space or potential space; the blood is usually clotted.

A

Hematoma

66
Q

an escape of blood through ruptured or unruptured vessel walls

A

Hemorrhage

67
Q

what can have symptoms like a stroke?

A

Hemorrhages

68
Q

where would damage be more dangerous?

A

more dangerous becasue BS has a lot of life manageing functions (automatic things) and can go into a coma with life threatening
supra could just affect a little of something

69
Q

what can cause neurovasculature damage?

A

hemmorrhages
Small arteries may rupture
Spontaneously—increased chance with hypertension

70
Q

localized dilation of a blood vessel

A

aneurysm

71
Q

an aneurysm is

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

72
Q

classically occur where cerebral arteries branch off of the circle of Willis

A

berry aneurysm

73
Q

Arteriovenous malformations

A

Arteries and veins tangle together and blood is shunted from arteries to the veins
Delicate walls may lead to intracerebral hemorrhages
Caused during development
Can enlarge with age and can result in stealing of blood from areas or hemorrhaging

74
Q

symptoms of AVM

A

Seizures
Headache or pain in one area of the head
Muscle weakness or numbness in one part of the body
Severe headache
Weakness, numbness or paralysis
Vision loss
Difficulty speaking
Confusion or inability to understand others
Severe unsteadiness

75
Q

blood brain barrier

A

helps to protect our CNS
tight junctions of the endothelial cells that line the capillaries in the CNS
Stopping most macromolecules from entering or leaving the CNS
Lipid-soluble substances and glucose can cross

76
Q

blood CSF barrier

A

macromolecules can reach the choroid plexus but the capillaries do not come in direct contact with CSF so there is a barrier

77
Q

arachnoifd barrier layer

A

arachnoid cells tightly zipped together with tight junctions to stop diffusion between the subarachnoid space and the extracellular fluids of the dura mater
ones something enters that subarachnoid space, it will stay until sucked into arachnoid villa into venus sinous

78
Q

CSF-Brain interface

A

CSF bathes the brain and there are not cells with tight junctions so macromolecules move freely between the CSF and intercellular spaces

79
Q

what makes up circle of willis?

A

posterior communicating arteries (2)
Anterior communicating artery (1)
connected carotid and V-B vasculature

80
Q
A

AUDE 5260 Human Anatomy & Neuroanatomy (24 decks)

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