Neurotransmitter Metabolism Flashcards
What are the steps to neurotransmitter events?
Packing, depolarization, calcium release, nt release, clathrin mediated re uptake.
In all there are 11 steps
What does absinthe have in it and what does it do?
Thujone
Blocks GABA receptors
How do you define a neurotransmitter?
Nt is present
It is released
Activates a receptor
Application of transmitter
What is the distinguished between small nt and peptide ones?
Small NTs are synthesized in presynaptic cleft
Peptides are produced in the ER and transported down
How long does it take a vesicle to fuse and then recycle?
1 and 20msec respectively
What are the two transporters that pump the NT against its gradient?
V-ATPase
VGLUT
What are the three docking, attaching, and releasing proteins that we need to know for NT release?
SNAP25
Syntaxin
Synaptobrevin
These are on both sides and are SNARE proteins
What are poisons that prevent NT docking and such?
Botulism and tetanus toxins Are zinc proteases
And alpha-latrotoxin which is spider toxin
Botulism prevents fusion of the vesicles
What does alpha-latrotoxin do?
Causes vesicle to stay fuse without calcium
From the black widow
How is acetylcholine made?
By combining acetyl CoA and choline
By Choline acetyltransferase
How is acetylcholine degraded?
By acetylcholine esterase
Into the two starters
Does it quickly
What two receptors receive acetylcholine?
Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
What blocks the nicotinic receptor?
Curare
What blocks the muscarinic receptor?
Atropine
What is the disease that makes antibodies toward ACh receptors?
Myastavis gravis droppy eyes
What does acetylcholine bind to on acetylcholine esterase?
Serine
What blocks acetylcholine esterases?
Organo phosphates
What is the cure for the nerve gas which blocks acetylcholine esterases?
Atropine to block muscarinic receptors
How is glutamate deactivated?
By uptake by glial cells
Not by metabolism
Uses glutamate-glutamine cycles
What is faster, ionotropic or metabotropic?
Ionotropic
What does too much stimulation of the NMDA receptor do?
Cell death by too much calcium
What group of NTs are derived from tyrosine?
Catacolamines
First dopamine, then norepinephrine, then epinephrine
How is serotonin formed?
By tryptophan
What is the physiological compounds that act like THC?
Anandamides
Where are anandamides made?
In the post synaptic cell
Acts by modifiying the nt release
Called retrograde transmission
What are disorders where you get catastophic depolarization and what causes it?
Hypoxia, hypoglycemia, seizures
Caused like a glutamate overdose on the AMPA receptor
Excitotoxicity
Hat is the rate limiting step of catacolamine biosynthesis?
Tyrosine into dopa By TH (tyrosine hydroxylase)
How is GABA synthesized?
From glutamate by:
Glutamic acid decarboxylase
Which uses pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor
What does glutamic acid decarboxylase do and use as a cofactor?
Makes GABA from glutamate
Uses pyridoxal phosphate
How are catacolamines deactivated?
By re uptake into the presynaptic terminal
What is the product for dopamine excretion?
Homovanillic acid
How is serotonin synthesized?
By tryptophan hydroxylase and a decarboxylase
