Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Block 2 > Introduction To Encephalitis > Flashcards

Introduction To Encephalitis Flashcards

0
Q

What are a significant causes of encephalitis?

A

Autoimmune
Post infection
50% are idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What are some characteristics of encephalitis?

A

Seizures (common poor prognosis)
Fever
Cerebral defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some clinical evidences of encephalitis?

A

Altered level of consciousness for more than 24hrs
At least two of the following:
Fever or a history of
Seizures and/or focal neurological defects
CSF pleocytosis
Imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is there a wide range of geographical encephalitis?

A

Microorganism have higher prevalences in winter
Arvoviruses need vectors so you need humans to live by those vectors
Westnile and such
Arthropod born sometimes?
Only 5 per 100000 per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the biggest known cause of encephalitis?

A

Herpes simplex (HSV-1,2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the biggest class of viruses that cause encephalitis?

A

Herpes virus alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a post infection cause of encephalitis?

A

Measles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do you consider with diagnosis of encephalitis?

A 
Fever
Seizures 
Coma
White blood cells in CSF 
CT scan
MRI (ADEM, and post infections)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the empiric treatment when encephalitis is thought to exist?

A

Acyclovir for alpha herpes virus

IV administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What should CSF be tested for when thinking encephalitis?

A 
PCR 
WBC 
Protein
Glucose
Serum for post infection antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is temporal lobe involvement a sign of?

A

HSV infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do flaviviruses target in the brain?

A

Basal ganglia and thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the WBC for viral encephalitis?

A

High lymphocytesw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the site of latency for alpha herpes viruses?

A

The neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are characteristic for alpha herpes virus?

A

Skin
Lymph node
Spleen liver respiratory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some characteristics on HSV 1 and 2?

A 
Icosaherdral nucleocapsid
Enveloped
Ds linear genome
Simplex
Viral DNA defendant DNA polymerase
Proteins are major target
Cell mediated
16
Q

How do you tell HSV 1 and 2 apart?

A

1 - typically above the waste
2 - below the waste, neonatal
Both cause encephalitis
50% of known causes

17
Q

Where do you get a HSV infection?

A

The mouth

Beaten back into the trigeminal ganglion

18
Q

What is the most common cause of encephalitis in immunocompromized patients?

A

Zoster

Second cause in spontaneous encephalitis

19
Q

What is acyclovir?

A 
Like a base g
Ribose sugar
Precursor until it gets phosphorylated
Need thymidine kinase for initial phosphorylation 
Need herpes for this
Uses this to replicate viral genome
DNA chain inhibitor
20
Q

What is a acyclovir like drug for beta herpes viruses?

A

Gancylcovir

They do have another kinase

21
Q

What is a caveat of these cycloid drugs?

A

They only treat ongoing infections

22
Q

What is ADEM and the causes?

A

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

Demyelinating disease by measels, mumps, rubella, zoster, influenze

23
Q

What are some characteristics of measels virus?

A

Ssdna negative
Group 5
Helical capsid
Enveloped

24
Q

What is the path of infection of the measles virus?

A 
Spread through the air
Mucus mem
Lymph nodes
Blood organs
Whole process is 10-14 days
25
Q

What do you need to mount a good immune response against the measles?

A

INF-alpha
IL-2
If you don’t have them you niger neurological problems

26
Q

What is primary measles encephalitis?

A

Rare

During initial infection

27
Q

What is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?

A

Can occur 3-20 years you see problems
Before age of 2 is greatest risk
Slow infection
Behavior function is low

28
Q

How often does primary measles encephalitis occur?

A

1-3 out of 1000 Pxs
Supportive treatment
Survivors have neurological damage

29
Q

What is acute disseminated encephalomyelitis?

A

APME
Occurs 1 out of 1000
Results in demyelination
Weeks to months later

30
Q

What is the treatment of APME?

A

Anti inflammatory drugs

31
Q

What about enteroviruses?

A

Picornavirus

Fecal to oral with occasion hit to brain

32
Q

What are two main arboviruses?

A

Westnile
Le crosse encephalitis virus
Flu like

33
Q

What are characteristics of rabies encephalitis infection?

A

Uncontrollable spasms of the throat

Death is due to respiratory paralysis

34
Q

What is the diagnosis of rabies encephalitis?

A

Obervation of Negri bodies

35
Q

What is the treatment of rabies?

A

Passive immunity RIG immune globulin buying time for vaccine

Vaccine is injected at the bite intramuscularly

Neuro Block 2 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions