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Neuro Block 2 > Brain Neuro Transmitter Systems > Flashcards

Brain Neuro Transmitter Systems Flashcards

0
Q

What is the concentration of chloride in the cell and in the CSF?

A

5mmol in the cell

120mmol outside the cell

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1
Q

What are the two main types of channels?

A

Voltage gated - Na and Ca

Ligand gated - glutamate, GABA, 5 HT

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2
Q

What is the reversal potential for chloride?

A

Approximately -70

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3
Q

How fast are the ligand gated channels?

A

Tens of milliseconds per opening

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4
Q

What are metabatropic receptors?

A

Typically inhibitory
Interacts GTP-binding proteins
Modulates voltage gated channels
Typically enhance K or inhibits Ca

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5
Q

What is an NMDA receptor?

A

One that responds to glutamate

Tells calcium to go in

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6
Q

What are the vast majority of receptors?

A

G protein coupled receptors

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7
Q

What are tyrosine kinase receptors?

A

Growth factor receptors

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8
Q

What infectious agent affects GI?

A

Pertussis

Inactivated it

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9
Q

How does prednisone and INF-beta

A

Transcription factor and couples to tyrosine kinase respectively

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10
Q

What is the rate of synaptic transmission?

A

0.5 mesic per synapse

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11
Q

What do inhibitory post synaptic potentials do?

A

Hyper polarize the membrane

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12
Q

How does lidocaine work?

A

Plugs up sodium channels

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13
Q

What is drug mechanism does the treatment for Parkinson’s do?

A

Give a precursor for dopamine

Stimulate synthesis

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14
Q

What is a drug that causes release of neurotransmitters?

A

Amphetamines

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15
Q

What are the two organizations of neuronal systems?

A

Hierarchical and diffuse

First has specific effect the later has many effects

16
Q

What is glutamate associated with?

A

Hierarchical
Motor pathways
Excitatory
Postsynaptic

17
Q

What are the three main types of glutamate receptors?

A

AMPA (Na and K)
NMDA (ca, Na, and K) - involved in memory. Needs depolarized membrane potential to work
Kainic acid (Na and K)

18
Q

What does glutamate do presynaptically?

A

Inhibits

19
Q

What does GABA do?

A

Inhibits
GABA a is a chloride channel to hyper polarize cells

GABA b is a metabatropic receptor either augmenting K or inhibiting Ca. Also inhibits adenlyl cyclase.

20
Q

What are drugs that enhance GABA receptors?

A

Benzodiazepines to cause sedation

A GABA receptor (baclofen) is a muscle relaxant

21
Q

What happens of you take away the influence of GABA?

A

Get a chicken with its head cut off

Convulsions

22
Q

What does glycine do?

A

Inhibitory of the spinal cord and brainstem
Strict 9 blocks it
Inhibitory
Receptor is permeable to chloride

23
Q

What does acetylcholine do?

A

Acts on:
Nicotinic receptors - sodium channel depolarization

Muscarinic receptors - reduce cAMP or increase Ca
Also increase potassium permeability
Involved in cognitive function and memory

24
Q

What does dopamine do?

A

Two receptors
D1- couples to G proteins stim cAMP produc
Probably associated with Tourette’s
D2- couples to G protein to suppress cAMP
Important from substantia Nigra to striatum (Parkinson’s)
Suppresses GABA release
Slow inhibitory action
Present limib lobe

Stimulators to movement

25
Q

What is norepinephrine?

A

High concentrations in locus coeruleus - blue spot
Acts via alpha 2 receptors - increase k conductance

Also alpha 1
Diffuse system

26
Q

What do alpha 2 antagonists do?

A

Muscle spasmolytis

27
Q

What are alpha 1 and beta receptors do?

A

Involved with attention and arousal

28
Q

What receptors does serotonin act on?

A

5HT3 receptors - ionotropic and excitatory, conducts cations

5HT2a receptors - is metabotropic. agents that block this improve schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

29
Q

What receptor is involved with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder?

A

5HT2a

30
Q

What do serotonin re uptake inhibitors do?

A

Increase the amount of serotonin interacting with the receptor.
Creates an anti-depressant effect

31
Q

What area is serotonin abundantly present?

A

In raphe and midline regions of the pons

32
Q

What do opioids do?

A 
It's a diffuse system
Suppress pain
Decrease calcium and cAMP
Also interact with delta and kappa receptors
Works in the spinal cord
33
Q

What NT is associated with motor stimulation diseases?

A

Glutamte

34
Q

What NT(s) is/are associated with motor inhibition diseases?

A

GABA
Glycine
Norepinephrine

35
Q

What NT(s) is/are associated with motor stimulation diseases via inhibition of inhibition?

A

Dopamine

36
Q

What NT(s) is/are associated with memory disease?

A

Acetylcholine

37
Q

What NT(s) is/are associated with psychoses?

A

Dopamine D2 receptor

5 - hydroxy tryptamine 2 receptors

38
Q

What NT(s) is/are associated with pain disease?

A

Opioids

Neuro Block 2 (26 decks)

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