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Biochem > Neuromuscular Control > Flashcards

Neuromuscular Control Flashcards

1
Q

what are the divisions of the CNS

A

afferent and efferent

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2
Q

what types of neurons are in the afferent division

A

sensory neurons

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3
Q

what types of neurons are in the effere division

A

motor

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4
Q

what are the divisions of afferent nervous system

A

somatic and visceral

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5
Q

what are the divisions of the efferent nervous system

A

autonomic and somatic

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6
Q

what makes up a motor unit

A

motor neuron and all the fibers it innervates

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7
Q

what does the somatic nervous system innervate

A

skeletal muscle

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8
Q

what carries the AP along the membrane

A

voltage gated sodium channels

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9
Q

what is end plate potential

A

stimulation of Ach nicotinic receptors leads to change in membrane potential in skeletal muscle

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10
Q

what does end plate potential cause

A

AP

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11
Q

what does Ach nicotinic receptor allow through

A

sodium

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12
Q

what structure does AP move down

A

t- tubules

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13
Q

where do t-tubules carry AP

A

into the belly of the muscle

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14
Q

what receptors are on T-tubules that get activated with AP

A

DHPRs

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15
Q

what is the AP mechanism leading to calcium release

A

AP CAUSES DHPR TO CHANGe conformation withc makes contact with sarcolemma, Ca leaves Sarcoplasmic reticulum and calcium is involved in actin-myosin interaction

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16
Q

what is CICR

A

Ca release triggers neighboring sarcoplasmic reticulum to release Ca

17
Q

how is calcium returned to the SR

A

Through the SERCA pump

18
Q

how does calcium induce muscle contraction

A

via interaction of myosin and actin

19
Q

what is the mutation resulting in dechenne muscular dystrophy

A

DMD gene encoding dystrophin

20
Q

what does dystrophin do

A

connects cytoskeleton of the fiber to the ECM

21
Q

how is contraction terminated (acetylcholine mechanism)

A

AChE breaks down ACh into choline and acetic acid. choline gets transported back into presynpatic neuron via sodium co transporter. choline combines with acetyl CoA by ChAT which makes ACh then it is repackaged into a vesicle for release. acetic acid is degraded

22
Q

how is contraction terminated (Calcium mechanism)

A

calcium is pumped back into the SR via the SERCA pump.
- using gradient of sodium pump calcium out of cell by NCX
- calsequestrin

23
Q

what stops vesicles from fusing with membrane

A

botulinum toxin

24
Q

what stopd VGNa+ channels

A

tetrodotoxin, lidocaine

25
Q

what blocks the nicotinic receptor

A

crurare

26
Q

what is physostigmine

A

a reversible muscle contraction inhibitor

27
Q

what are the causes of myasthenia gravis

A

-autoimmune disease
- antibody production to Ach ninoctinic receptors

28
Q

what is the major symptom of myasthenia gravis

A

weakening of skeletal muscles

Biochem (34 decks)

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