Anti-cancer drugs and therapies Flashcards
what is external beam therapy
uses a machine to send high energy beams from outside the body to the tumor area
what is internal radiation therapy
radioisotope given internally, radiation generally only travels a short distance depending on isotope and its energy
how does photon beam therapy work
either by direct ionization of atoms in the DNA or indirectly by ionization of water to form hydroxyl radicals than can then damage DNA
how does charged particle or proton therapy work
uses particle accelerator to beam high energy particles
what does doxorubicin hydrochloride do
intercalates DNA and lipid peroxidation that destroys cell membrane
what does bleomycin sulfate do
generates superoxide and hydroxyradicals
what does cisplatin do
binds to GC rich regions and cross links DNA
what does methotrexate do
inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase that inhibits nucleotide synthesis
what does vinblastine do
inhibits microtubule formation
what does vincristine do
inhibits microtubule formation
what does prednisolone do
stimulates apoptosis
what is chronic myeloid leukemia characterized by
increased production/growth of myeloid cells in bone marrow that circulate blood
what is CML caused by
chromosomal translocation that creates a fusion gene/protein between the BCR and the ABL gene
what is the mechanism of Gleevec
binds to active site of the BCR-ABL gene/protein
what happens in AML M3
chromosomal translocation of RARA from Cs17 with the PML gene on Cs15
