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Biochem > Clinical Correlation Lecture: caries (guest lecture) > Flashcards

Clinical Correlation Lecture: caries (guest lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definition of early childhood caries

A

the presence of one or more decayed. missing, or filled tooth surface in any primary tooth in a child under the age of 6

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2
Q

what are the consequences of ECC

A

-a higher risk of new carious lesions
-hospitalizations and ER visist
- high treatment costs
-loss of school days
-diminished oral health related quality of life

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3
Q

how common is ECC

A

-5 times more common than asthma
- 30-50% of low income children have ECC
-

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4
Q

how can a child get ECC

A

-microbes
- transmitted from caregiver to child through salivary contact
- childrens’ mothers with high stre mutans

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5
Q

what is AAPD statement #1

A

avoid frequent consumption of liquids or solid foods containing sugar such as
-sugar beverages
- breast feeding
- fruit juice

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6
Q

what is AAPD statement #2

A

implement oral hygiene no later than first eruption
- fluoridated toothpaste

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7
Q

what is AAPD statement #3

A

apply fluoride varnish

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8
Q

what is AAPD statement #4

A

establish a dental home within 6 months of eruption of the first tooh

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9
Q

what is AAPD statement #5

A

work with medical providers to ensure infants and toddlers have access to dental screenings and preventative measures

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10
Q

what is AAPD statement #6

A

educating legislators, policy makers and third party payers of strategies for ECC

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11
Q

what pH does enamel demineralize

A

5.5

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12
Q

what is a recurrent lesion

A

occurs around margins of restoration

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13
Q

what are residual caries

A

caries left behind before filling is placed

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14
Q

what are initial caries

A

earliest clinically detectable lesion with mild demineralization. limited to enamel or shallow demineralization of dentin

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15
Q

what are moderate caries

A

visible signs of enamel breakdown or signs the dentin is moderately demineralized

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16
Q

what re advanced caries

A

enamel is fully cavitated and dentin is exposed, dentin lesion is deeply and severely demineralized

17
Q

what are the primary microbes in caries

A

strep mutans, lactoabcillus, actinomyces

18
Q

what are the requirements for caries

A

susceptible host, bacteria, food source, time

19
Q

what does saliva do in remineralization

A

raises pH to non-demineralizing levels, flushes away floating microbes, antibacterial properties, calcium and phosphate ions to enter tooth

20
Q

what are the common concerns of fluoride

A

lowers IQ, poison added to water supply, fluorosis

21
Q

what is the enamel made of

A

96% calcium hydroxyapatite crystals and 4% organic materials and water

22
Q

what is amelogenesis

A

enamel formation

23
Q

what is dentin made of

A

45% hydroxyapatite crystals, 33% organic material, 22% water

24
Q

can enamel be produced postnatally? dentin?

A

dentin can, enamel cant

25
Q

how does the dissolution of dentin occur

A

requires collagenase and proteases to breakdown collagenous matrix and acid to dissolve the mineral crystals present

26
Q

what happens in amelogenesis

A

reciprocal induction of ameloblasts and odontoblasts form enamel in layers

27
Q

what do tomes processes do

A

form enamel rods

28
Q

what is PTS or PEP group translocation

A

method used by bacteria for sugar uptake which uses phosphoenolpyruvate as an energy and phophate source
-involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm

29
Q

what are the sources of bacterial lactic acid

A

-fructose (from sucrose)
-salivary amylase
-and other bacteria

30
Q

how does saliva effect caries susceptibility

A

saliva flow over the teeth and its bicarbonate content rinse and neutralize ions that cause caries

31
Q

what nervous system portion stimulates saliva secretion

A

parasympathetic

32
Q

what catalyzes the production of bicarbonate from CO2

A

carbonic anhydrase enzyme

33
Q

what is the most abundant enzyme in human saliva

A

amylase

34
Q

how does amylase promote and prevent caries?

A

promote: aids in breakdown of carbohydrates -> acid
prevent: aids in clearing carbohydrates from tooth surfaces

35
Q

what does fluoride do for the teeth

A

replaces hydroxide ions in hydroxyapatite of enamel

36
Q

what pH does hydroxyapatite in enamel demineralize

A

5.5

37
Q

what pH does fluroide demineralize

A

4.5

38
Q

what pH does dentil demineralize

A

6.5

39
Q

what are the 3 mechanisms flouride uses to protect against caries

A

-inhibit demineralization
-enhance remineralization
-inhibit bacterial enolase activity inhibiting lactase production from carbohydrates

Biochem (34 decks)

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