NeuroHistology Flashcards
Neurons are mitotic or amitotic?
And what does it mean
Amitotic
do not undergo mitosis
Neurons
-communicate with each other at synapses of neuron to neuron or of neuron to effector junction like____ or____
NMJ
NGJ
Do NEURONES have high or low rate of aerobic respiration
and is this and advantage or a disadvantage
And why?
High rate
Disadvantage
because if breathing is lost for about 3 mins, there is cessation of respiration
contacts possible for dendrites are : dendro_____ ;dendro_____; dendro_____
dendritic
somatic
axonal
in CNS, tumors arise from ______of_____ cells
abnormal division
glial
Neuroglial cells
Mitotic or amitotic
Mitotic throughout life
ASTROCYTES
-connect neurons to____
Has 2 types: list them
blood supply
Fibrous and protoplasmic
Who has thicker dendrites?
Fibrous or protoplasmic Astrocyte?
Protoplasmic
EPENDYMAL CELLS
- ___layer of_____ epithelium with____ lining the brain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord
- produce——-
single; cuboidal
microvilli
CSF
when there is injury to brain tissue, there is rapid proliferation of_____ neuroglial cells and this can be used for diagnosis
Astrocytes
Multiple sclerosis
- is the———- leading to formation of ———in CNS
- causes ——- eventually
destruction of myelin sheath;plaque
paralysis
Multiple sclerosis
diminishes or enhances impulse conduction
Diminishes
Is Multiple sclerosis sex linked recessive?
No.. sex linked dominant
Multiple sclerosis found in____ gender while_____ gender are carriers
men
women
Multiple sclerosis doesn’t even express itself in males till about—- years
30
Examples of a famous person that suffered from MS
Anthony Hawkins, a British physicist, suffered from MS
Swiss roll theory
- used to explain how ———-
- also calls it the ———-theory
myelin sheath wraps around the nerve fiber
jelly-roll
myelin increases speed of impulse conduction and the energy required for conduction
T/F
F
myelin increases speed of impulse conduction and reduces the energy required for conduction
Schwann cell produce a——— appearance
laminar
CLASSICFICATION of neurons based on AXONS ——— ——— ———- ————
True Unipolar
Pseudounipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
True Unipolar neurons
- ____axons or______ ones
- present in____ brain
no
super short
fetal
Pseudounipolar
-found in______ of nerves
dorsal root ganglion
Bipolar neurons
- found in_____
- eg______ of the retina
- cells of the———- of the ear
- _____nerve cells of the tongue
- _____cells of the nose
special organ senses
rod and cone cells
organ of corti
taste bud
olfactory mucosa
Multipolar neurons
- found from____ to———
- eg_____ cells of cerebrum;—— cells of cerebellum(located in the____ parts of the cerebellar cortex and can be seen with____ staining)
Brian; spinal cord
pyramidal; purkinje
lowest
silver
Most neurons in the CNS are of what type ????
Multipolar
Coverings sha
- each axon is covered by an ——neurium
- each fascicle is covered by ——neurium
- general nerve bundle is covered by ——neurium
endo
peri
epi
SPINAL CORD HISTOLOGY
- anterior funiculus: between—— and——-
- posterior funiculus: between——— and——-
- white matter is divided into____,——-, and——- funiculus
- grey matter has——- and——- horn. Also—— horn but only in ———,——-, and——- regions
grey matter; anterior median fissure
grey matter; posterior median septum
anterior; posterior; lateral
anterior ;posterior
lateral; thoracic; upper 2 lumbar; sacral
Choroid plexus
-tufts of——- lined by——- cells
capillaries
ependymal
Microglia acts as antigen presenting cells
T/F
T
Microglia :
Retract their processes when they act like macrophages
Release neural proteases
Release oxidative radicals
T/F
T
T
T
Multiple sclerosis is associated with
marked destruction of ependymal cells
Recruitment of CD4 and CD8 and T lymphocytes
Greater sex prediction in females than males
T/F
T
T
F
Initial segment of the axon is
implicated in the genesis of epilepsy
Characterized by a higher density of voltage gated sodium channels that the remainder of the axons
The segment responsible for tay sach
T/F
T
T
F
Parkinson’s affects
1% of those aged above 60
7% of those aged 80
And one of the most common neurological disorders
T/F
T
F(4)
T
Which cells of the anterior pituitary are acidophils
Growth hormone
Prolactin (lactotrophs)
Cushing syndrome is A condition that occurs from exposure to____ levels for a long time
high cortisol
Oligodendrocytes are larger than Astrocytes
T/F
F
Smaller
Oligodendrocytes lack internal filaments while Astrocytes dO
T/F
T
Oligodendrocytes are migratory
T/F
T
Which has denser cytoplasm?
Oligodendrocytes or astrocytes?
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia are involved in homeostasis
T/F
T
Microglia are the ____ cells of the spinal cord
Myeloid
Accessory cuneatus nucleus:
Small in size
Large in size
Often suffer restricted lesions
Is the rostral equivalent of Clarke’s column
Relays proprioception from arm and neck to cerebellum
T/F
T F T T T
Parkinson’s is an hyperkinetic disorder
T:F
F
