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Ana 203 Part B > Limbic System > Flashcards

Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

hippocampus usually develops like____,and they are also called_____ and is continuous with the_____ gyrus

A

horns

Cornu ammonis

dentate

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2
Q

The word limbus means____

A

ring

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3
Q

The limbic system was formerly called_____ because of its association to____, but in human beings it is a___ part of it is actually concerned with____.

A

rhinencephalon

olfaction

small; smell

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4
Q

phylogenetically oldest part of the cerebral cortex is the ____

A

The limbic cortex

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5
Q

Limbic cortex is made up of primitive type of cortical tissue called ____ which consists of____ layers and surrounds the—- of the cerebral hemisphere.

A

allocortex

three

hilum

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6
Q

There is second ring of transitional cortex called____ between the
__cortex and the __cortex. It consists of ____layers.
-The cortical tissue of remaining non-limbic portion of the hemisphere is called ___cortex which is made up of___ layers and most highly developed in man.

A

juxta-allocortex

allo; neo; three to six

neo; six

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7
Q

Because of visceral responses to activities in the limbic system, it is also known as____ brain
-limbic system has____ subsystems,____ output pathway

A

visceral

Two; One

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8
Q

limbic lobe Surrounds rostral part of____ &____ commissure.

A

brain Stem; interhemispheric

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9
Q

-____ is a person that used “limbic” in____ to describe the large cortical convolutions on the___ aspect of the hemisphere.

A

Paul Broca

1878
medial

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10
Q

the limbic lobe is that it appears early or late in phylogenesis?

A

Early

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11
Q

Limbic posseses a certain constancy in in gross & microscopic structure.
T/F

A

T

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12
Q

limbic lobe is made up of two parts

  • ___ gyrus:for ____ and___ processing ,also used in____
  • ___ gyrus:___ processing
A

Cingulate

memory; emotional; ANS

parahippocampal; memory

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13
Q

The cingulate gyrus is a ‘____centre’ of brain and associated with the feeling of____ after—— or ———

A

satisfaction

satisfaction

a meal or after sexual intercourse.

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14
Q
  • medial to the PHG is the_____(for_____)
  • Traced posteriorly the hippocampus gradually narrows and ultimately ends______
  • it’s made up of a lot of parts
  • _____ gyrus:____ component
  • ____:____ component of HF
  • _____ proper:____ component of HF
  • ________
A

hippocampal formation

memory

beneath the splenium of corpus callosum

dentate; afferent

Subiculum; efferent

hippocampus; efferent

indusium griseum

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15
Q

the amygdala

  • found ———-the HF.
  • involved in____,——- and ___
  • It’s an_____-shaped mass of grey matter
  • has 2 groups
  • ____ nucleus: emotional response related to smell
  • _____ nucleus group; everything else
  • Posteriorly the amygdaloid body becomes continuous with_____ and____
A

ontop of

emotion; behavior, and emotional response to smell

almond

corticomedial; basolateral

tail of caudate nucleus

stria terminalis

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16
Q

hypothalamus: 2 main nuclei involved in the limbic system
* ____
* ____nuclei (anterior___;post____)

A

mamillary body; ANS

para; sympa

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17
Q

thalamus: 2 main nuclei involved in the limbic system
* ____ of thalamus
* ______ nucleus

A

Anterior nucleus

dorsomedial

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18
Q

dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus collects fibers from_____ to pass to_____ so it involves ___ and ___

A

amygdala

prefrontal cortex

emotions and behaviors

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19
Q

———- was once considered as the seat of soul.

A

Hippocampus

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20
Q

septal area:

  • found in the_____ and______ gyrus
  • septal region is on the____ aspect of the____ lobe beneath the____ and ____ of corpus callosum and in front of the_____
  • The septal region includes ____ and ____gyri.
  • The cerebral cortex in this region is called septal area.
  • The septal area has been shown to be a___ zone of brain in____.
A

septum pallucidum; paraterminal

medial; frontal
genu and rostrum

lamina terminalis

paraterminal and parolfactory

pleasure; rats

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21
Q

habenular: a part of the______

A

epithalamus

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22
Q

The lamina terminalis is a ____ matter fills the interval between the____ and the_____

A

Grey

optic chiasm

rostrum of the corpus callosum.

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23
Q

Fimbria: white matter tract that contains afferent and efferent fibers of the_____. The fimbria travels along the___; when it separates from the it, it becomes the____.

A

hippocampus

hippocampus; fornix

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24
Q

Fornix: connects____ to _____and_____

A

hippocampus; septal area ; mammillary body of hypothalamus

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25
Q

Fornix is one of the efferent systems of the hippocampus.

T/F

A

F.

Sole efferent

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26
Q

-striae terminalis: connects____ to——- and ———;goes _ ways

A

amygdala

septal area and mammillary body of hypothalamus

2way

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27
Q

ventral amygdalo fugol pathway: connects____ to_____,____ and _____ ;goes ___ ways

A

amygdala

septal area, mammillary body of hypothalamus, and medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus

2way

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28
Q

-striae medullaris thalami: connects ______ to _____;goes __ ways

A

septa area to habenular

2way

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29
Q

mammilothalamic tract: connect_____ to______ ; goes ___ ways

A

mammillary bodies

anterior nucleus of thalamus

2way

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30
Q

medial forebrain bundle: from____ through_____ to the_____; goes __ ways

A

prefrontal cortex

lateral part of hypothalamus

reticular formation of the brain stem

2way

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31
Q

mammilotegmental tract: from______ to ______ ;goes ____ ways

A

mammillary body of Hypothalamus to ventral tegmental area of midbrain

1way

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32
Q

mamillary peduncles: from_____ to _______; goes ___ ways

A

ventral tegmental area of midbrain to mammillary body of Hypothalamus; 1way

33
Q

Functions of limbic system
Olfactory system
-smell reaches____ and stimulates it to send AP down through the____
-It then bifurcates into___ and ____
-MOS goes to the____
-LOS goes to two places.___ (___of smell) and____ (___of smell)

A

olfactory bulb

olfactory tract

medial and lateral olfactory striae

orbitofrontal cortex

PHG; memory

amygdala; emotion

34
Q

Function of limbic system
Memory and learning
-the___ circuit(aka the ____ Circuit ) is very important in this
-from____-via____- to_____-via____- to____- to_____ - (1)-entorhinal cortex of___ then____ and from this back to the___-and (2)-____cortex to have our memory and learning involved with our thoughts and decision making

A 
papez; Hippocampal
subiculum of hippocampus 
Fornix
mammillary bodies of Hypothalamus 
mammilothalamic tract
 anterior nucleus of thalamus
cingulate gyrus 
PHG 
dentate nucleus of hippocampus
subiculum

prefrontal

35
Q

Entorhinal cortex is area___

A

28

36
Q

Function of limbic system
Emotions and Behavior

Emotion:____, ____,___,____
Behavior:_____,____,____

A

fear, anger, rage , sadness

feeding, sex, motivation

37
Q

amygdala is connected to____ cortex,____ lobe and _____area

A

prefrontal; temporal; posterior association

38
Q

Posterior association area includes the ——-,——, and ——-

A

auditory association, visual association, and somatosensory association

39
Q

Feeding

  • amygdala sends fibers to 2 nuclei in the hypothalamus.
  • _____nuclei for____
  • _____nuclei for____
A

ventromedial

satiety

lateral hypothalamic

hunger

40
Q

Sexual activity

  • amygdala sends fibers to 2 nuclei in the hypothalamus.
  • _____nuclei that secretes____ and ____ sex drive
  • ____nucleus that secretes _____ that ____ sex drive
A

paraventricular

oxytocin and increase

medial pre-optic

testosterone that increases

41
Q

Motivation activity
-from amygdala to ____and____ and these 2 give fibers to the____ area of____ that is rich in____ and that area sends ____nergic neurons to____ cortex(____pathway) and_____(_____pathways)

A

septal area ; hypothalamus

ventral tegmental; midbrain; dopamine

dopami
prefrontal; mesocortical

nucleus accumbens; mesolimbic

42
Q

Fear !!
-amygdala to____ nucleus of hypothalamus via ____tract to___ neuron located within the____ region of spinal cord
AND

amygdala to Another nucleus of hypothalamus that produce ____hormone that tells the____ to release___ that stimulates the___ to make____ that is involved in the stress response

A

posterior hypothalamic

hypothalamospinal

preganglionic; thoracolumbar

corticotropin releasing ; anterior pituitary; ACTH; adrenal gland; cortisol

43
Q

Kluver Bucy:

  • _____damage ; specifically the____; but also the____
  • this causes___
  • hyper_____
  • hyper____
  • amnesia
A

bilateral temporal lobe

amygdala

hippocampus

plaucidity

hyperphagia

sexual

44
Q

Plaucidity means_____

Hyperphagia means _____

A

no response of fear or anger

over eating

45
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

  • due to_____
  • causes damages to the_____
  • symptoms include____
  • it attacks ______peduncles and that leads to___
  • also attacks CN _ and CN_ and lead to____
A

vitB1 deficiency

mamillary body

confabulation

middle cerebellar ; ataxia

cn3 and cn6 ; opthalmoplegia

46
Q

Confabulation means_____

A

pieces of memories are missing so they make up things to fill it

47
Q

Bilateral removal of hippocampus causes_____ amnesia

A

anterograde

48
Q

In anterograde amnesia : fill with lost or intact
short term memory is _____
ability to learn/store new information is _____
memories of distant past and intelligence is ____

A

Lost
Lost
Intact

49
Q

Alzheimer’s affect ___ term memory at first then goes on to also destroy___ term memory

A

Short

Long

50
Q

Declarative memory: a type of___-term memory that involves_____

A

long

conscious recollection of particular facts(episodic ) and events(semantic)

51
Q 
List the types of declarative memories
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
A

Episodic
Semantic
Autobiographical
Spatial

52
Q

Episodic Memory :refers to memory____

Semantic Memory refers to______

Autobiographical memory refers to_____

Spatial memory refers to_____

A

gathered from day to day experiences and can be stated and conjured explicitly.

facts and general knowledge we gather over the years.

episodes of memory collected from one’s life based on a specific object, person, space, and time.

the recording of information concerning the spatial arrangement of an individual.

53
Q

Procedural memory: Procedural memory is a type of___-term memory involving____

-it involves___ coordination provided by the___/___ and___ contexts

A

long

how to perform different actions and skills

Motor

Striatum / cerebellum

Emotional

54
Q

List the types of procedural memory

\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
A 
Priming
Perceptual
Category
Emotional 
Procedural
55
Q

Priming refers to______

Perceptual learning refers to_____

Category learning refers to______

Emotional Learning refers to______

Procedural Learning involves_____

A

subconscious stimulus creation in response to primary stimulus without guidance and intentions.

achieving better perception giving rise to discrimination between two similar things

concept attainment to clarify and categorize different things accordingly.

the effect of emotions on an individual. And we all know emotions have a profound effect on an individual

skill attainment for better task attainability at any point in life

56
Q

Facts and events

-are___-term but after____ and ____ can be ____-term

A

Short

Recall and consolidation

Long

57
Q

——— plays a major role in consolidation of memory

A

Hippocampal function

58
Q

Declarative memory is based on_____ and ____ while the procedural memory is based on the______.

A

recall and retrieval

performance of a person

59
Q

. Both these types of memories are stored in same region of brains
T/F

A

F

60
Q

——— type of memory also plays a role in defining the personality of a person

A

Procedural memory

61
Q

declarative involves____ of the brain , procedural uses____ part of the brain directly

A

hippocampus

cerebellum

62
Q

In certain memory disorders like Alzheimer’s disease,_____ memory is known to function better than the other one

A

procedural

63
Q

State which are gray and which are white matter

Fimbria
Fornix
Alveus
Thalamus
Habenular 
Stria terminalis
Striae medullaris thalami
Hippocampus 
Parahippocampal gyrus 
Amygdala 
Limbic lobe
Cingular’s gyrus
Septal area
Mamillary peduncles
A 
White
White
White
Grey
Grey
White 
White
Grey
Grey
Grey
Grey 
Grey
Grey
White
64
Q

Amygdaloid complex- gray mass situated in the____ portion of temporal lobe, ___ and ____to the tip of___ horn of lateral ventricle.

A

dorsomedial

rostral & partly superior

inferior

65
Q

The amygdaloid is related medially to the_____, and laterally to the___.
➢Caudally the amygdaloid complex is in contact with_____

A

olfactory area; claustrum

tail of caudate nucleus.

66
Q

The stria terminalis emerges from___ aspect of amygdaloid nucleus.

A

posterior

67
Q

Septal region Projects to midbrain reticular formation via____
●Projects to__ nuclei via stria medullaris; from there it projects to____ nuclei ->_____ -> respiratory, cardiovascular, salivatory centers responding to emotional stimuli.

A

medial forebrain bundle.

habenular; interpeduncular; reticular formation

68
Q

Septal neurons are not affected by antipsychotic drugs.

T/F

A

F

They are

69
Q

●Some euphoric drugs may affect septal neurons

T/F

A

T

70
Q

Septal nuclei can be self-stimulated in animals

T/F

A

T

71
Q

Septal nuclei May play a role in regulating sexual function

T/F

A

T

72
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease
●____ before age 65; after 65 called______
●Forgetfulness; abnormalities of memory, cognition, orientation and behavior.
●Loss of neurons in _____and____ gyrus.
●Reduction in ___nergic innervation of cortex.

Degeneration of cholinergic neurons in____, in the substantia_____; may cause loss of cognitive function.

A

Progressive dementia; senile dementia.

hippocampal formation ; parahippocampal

choli

basal nucleus of Meynert

innominata

73
Q

The claustrum is a thin, bilateral collection of___ and___, that connects to cortical (e.g., the_____) and subcortical regions (e.g.,_____) of the brain.

A

neurons; supporting glial cells

pre-frontal cortex

the thalamus

74
Q

Chronic alcoholism with associated nutritional deficiency can cause Korsakoff’s syndrome
T/F

A

T

75
Q

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome is associated with loss of memory

T/F

A

F

76
Q

Kluver bucy symptoms include Visual agnosia: objects not recognized visually, caused by damage to____

A

cortical areas caudal to amygd.

77
Q

Unilateral or bilateral ablation of the amygdaloid and the paraamygdaloid area in patients suffering from aggressive behavior in many cases results in________

A

a decrease in aggressiveness, emotional instability & restlessness.

78
Q

A Kluver bucy syndrome symptoms includes no Compulsion to attend to sensory stimuli: tactile & oral
T/F

A

F

Ana 203 Part B (15 decks)

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