Cerebellum Flashcards
CEREBELLUM
- looks like a____
- located behind the___ and below ___lobes of cerebrum
- aka the____
cauliflower
pons; occipital
automatic pilot
______ controls subconscious skeletal muscle contractions required for smooth, coordinated movements and equilibrium
Cerebellum
CEREBELLUM
Occupies most of the____ cranial fossa under the tentorium cerebelli
-Consists of____ cortex,2 hemispheres and___,_____ substance ,__ pair of nuclei, ___ cerebellar peduncles
posterior
Cerebellar; vermis
Internal white
4; 3
Cerebellum
parts of the vermis:list 7🖤
central lobule,culmen,declive,folium,tuber,uvula,nodule
oldest part of cerebellum is the____ lobe
flocculonodular
____+____= flocculonodular lobe
nodule part of vermis
floculus
elevations on the cerebellum are called____
folia
primary fissure separates____ and ____ lobes
others fissure are called___ fissure)
anterior and posterior
horizontal
cuneocerebellar tract also passes through the middle cerebellar peduncle
T/F
F
Inferior
cuneocerebellar tract” take origin in the___and ____ nuclei;
gracile and cuneate
Cerebellar cortex
- ____ cell layers
- list them
3
Molecular
- Purkinje
- Granular
Three transversely oriented lobes of the cerebellum
- ____lobe
- ____lobe
- ____lobe
Floccular nodular
Anterior
Posterior
Floccular nodular lobe
- consists of____ and ____
- receives input from____ system
- subserves____ and ___
vermis and flocculus
vestibular
posture and balance
Anterior lobe of cerebellum
- receives input from___ and ___ receptors via________ tracts
- plays role in_____
stretch receptors and Golgi tendon organs
spinocerebellar
muscle tone
Posterior lobe
- receives input from____ via____ fibers
- serves the coordination of_______
neocortex
corticopontocerebellar
voluntary motor activity
Internal white substance -Contains myelinated axons and four nuclei \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_
Dentate
Emboliform
Globose
Fastigial
Dentate
-Coordinates ______with_____ and _____
limb movements
motor cortex and basal ganglia
Emboliform
Regulate movements of______
ipsilateral extremity
Globose
-Regulate movements of_____
ipsilateral
extremity
Fastigial
-Regulates_____
body posture
Largest nuclei of the cerebellum is the ___ nuclei
Dentate
most fibres of the superior cerebellar peduncle originate from the ____ nuclei
Dentate
Inferior peduncle of cerebellum -\_\_\_\_fibers only -Connects the cerebellum to the\_\_\_ -Mediate sensory information that originates in spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex to the cerebellum -Afferent pathways include \_\_\_\_\_\_\_(the acronym) \_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_
Afferent
medulla
V-CORD
Vestibulocerebellar
Cuneocerebellar
Olivocerebellar
Dorsal spinocerebellar
Vestibulocerebellar
-Vestibular information from_____ enters cerebellum
-Projects to both____ lobe and
_____nuclei
-Keep cerebellum informed of vestibular output from___ ear
cristae of the
semicircular canals
flocculonodular
fastigial
inner
Dorsal spinocerebellar
-Carry_____ sensation from
_______receptors in muscles and joints
-uses ____ type of fibers
unconscious proprioception
muscle spindles, golgi tendons and tactile
mossy
Reticulocerebellar
-These brainstem nuclei receive projections from cortex, spinal cord,____ and____ then project bilaterally to the____ lobe of cerebellum through this tract
vestibular complex; red nucleus
paleocerebellum
Reticular nuclei in brainstem projects sparingly to cerebellum
T/F
F
Projects extensively
Olivocerebellar
- Projections from the spinal cord
- Pass through ____nucleus before projecting to _____lateral cerebellar hemisphere
- uses ______fibers
inferior olivary
contra
climbing
Cuneocerebellar
-Mediates____ sensation from the____ receptors in the____ and ____ of the body
proprioception
stretch
upper limbs and neck
Middle cerebellar peduncle
*____ fibers
-Connects the cerebellum to the___
-Mediate sensory information that originates in spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex to the cerebellum
-____pathways only
One major pathway example, mention it
Afferent
pons
Afferent
Pontocerebellar pathway
Pontocerebellar pathway
- Originate at____ nuclei
- it Relays input from the ___lateral cerebral cortex
- from Cortex→_____→______ [cerebral peduncle] →______ nuclei→ decussate→___ cerebellar peduncle→contralateral cerebellar hemisphere
pontine
contra
internal capsule
pes pedunculi
ipsilateral pontine; middle
In Pontocerebellar pathway , the sensations from the cortex are primarily____sensations
sensory
the cerebral peduncles are also known as the_____, while the large ventral bundle of____ fibers is referred to as the_____ or _____
basis pedunculi
efferent
cerebral crus or the pes pedunculi.
Superior cerebellar peduncle
- _____ fibers only
- Connects the cerebellum to the____ and ____
- Transmit cerebellar output to the brainstem→ ____→___ cortex→ spinal cord
Efferent
pons and midbrain
thalamus
motor
Efferent cerebellar pathways arise from three deep cerebellar nuclei,_____,____,____
Dentate, Emboliform , and Globose
Efferent fibers from the deep cerebellar nuclei then gos through the___ cerebellar peduncle→Decussate at level of ____ then Some terminate in
___lateral___ nucleus then
(1) Spinal cord via ______ tract
(2) Basal ganglia via the _____nucleus of the thalamus
(3) Motor cortex via_____ and integration from _____
(4) Reticular formation in brainstem then Projects to______ for ____
(5) Vestibular nuclei
(6) Most continue to____
Superior
inferior colliculus
contra; red
rubrospinal
ventral lateral
ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus and with integration from basal ganglia
CN nuclei for speech
thalamus
Affected Cardinal features of cerebellum causes Impaired______ and ______
muscle synergy and reduced muscle tone
Cerebellar Ataxia aka_____
-Decomposition of_____ activity in segments
drunken man’s gait
coordinated motor
Ataxic dysarthria
-speech is ___,___, and ___
Slow, slurred and disjointed speech projection
Dysdiadochokinesia
- aka_____
- Clumsiness in____ movements
adiadochokinesia
alternating
Dysmetria
-Error in the_______ and ______ leading to______ or _____
judgement of a movement range and distance of target
undershooting , overshooting
Intention tremor
-Unable to_____ during a volitional task
dampen accessory movements
Cerebellar dysfunction leads to ____
Hypotonia or hypertonia
Hypotonia
Rebouding
-Impaired ability to_______
predict movement or stop movement
Disequilibrium
-_____gait, body wavers toward_____
Unsteady
side of lesion
Clinical Pathologies
Stroke
-issue with Distribution of_____ artery system
vertebrobasilar
Toxicity
-Cerebellar atrophy due to toxicity from_____ and cause_____ gait
chronic alcoholism
Wavering
Ataxia
- Lack of_____ in muscle activities
- Symptoms always ____lateral to lesion
order and coordination
ipsi
Cerebellar ataxia causes severe muscle weakness
T/F
F
Mild muscular weaknes
Dysarthria
-Impaired ability to make the needed_____ and ____ in ongiong movement produces a drastic effect on____ movements, such as____
modifications and alterations
skilled
speech
Ataxic dysarthria commonly seen in _______ lesions.
-Speech is ___,__,____, with each word or syllable spoken____. Known as____ speech.
bilateral cerebellar
slow, slurred, and disjointed
individually
syllabic
Intention tremor
- tremor with intended movement, worsens as______
- Disappears at___
- Results from impaired ability to _____during a skilled movement sequence.
get closer to target.
rest
dampen accessory movements
Disequilibrium
- People walk as if drunk, and the body wavers toward the side of the lesion.
- Primarily affects the legs.
decreased
I’m Cerebellar pathology.
-Normal muscle tension is decreased or increased?
and the muscle becomes spastic or flaccid
Affects the contralateral or Ipsilateral??
Decreased
Flaccid
Ipsilateral
Friedreichs ataxia
-as a result of ________degeneration
-Involves the_____ columns of spinal cord,___ tracts,_____ tracts and____ nuclei
Symptoms include Ataxia, Dysarthria, Tremor , Weakness, Loss of proprioception,Dysmetria, Dysphagia
Progressive cerebellar
dorsal; corticospinal; spinocerebellar; dentate
Friedreichs ataxia is Characterized by only motor dysfunction
T/F
F
combined sensory and motor dysfunction
Nystagmus is a symptom of Friedreichs ataxia
T/F
T
What is nystagmus
An involuntary eye movement which may cause the eye to rapidly move from side to side, up and down or in a circle, and may slightly blur vision.
Friedrich’s ataxia is an Autosomal dominant hereditary non-degenerative condition
T/F
F
Recessive
Degenerative
The cerebellum continually monitors all body motor activities and compares intended movements against the sensory info it receives. Therefore, it is important to____ learning.
motor
cerebellum is involved in some language, cognition but not emotional behaviors.
T/F
F
It’s involved in all 3
