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Ana 203 Part B > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

CEREBELLUM

  • looks like a____
  • located behind the___ and below ___lobes of cerebrum
  • aka the____
A

cauliflower

pons; occipital

automatic pilot

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2
Q

______ controls subconscious skeletal muscle contractions required for smooth, coordinated movements and equilibrium

A

Cerebellum

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3
Q

CEREBELLUM

Occupies most of the____ cranial fossa under the tentorium cerebelli
-Consists of____ cortex,2 hemispheres and___,_____ substance ,__ pair of nuclei, ___ cerebellar peduncles

A

posterior

Cerebellar; vermis

Internal white

4; 3

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4
Q

Cerebellum

parts of the vermis:list 7🖤

A

central lobule,culmen,declive,folium,tuber,uvula,nodule

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5
Q

oldest part of cerebellum is the____ lobe

A

flocculonodular

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6
Q

____+____= flocculonodular lobe

A

nodule part of vermis

floculus

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7
Q

elevations on the cerebellum are called____

A

folia

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8
Q

primary fissure separates____ and ____ lobes

others fissure are called___ fissure)

A

anterior and posterior

horizontal

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9
Q

cuneocerebellar tract also passes through the middle cerebellar peduncle

T/F

A

F

Inferior

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10
Q

cuneocerebellar tract” take origin in the___and ____ nuclei;

A

gracile and cuneate

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11
Q

Cerebellar cortex

  • ____ cell layers
  • list them
A

3

Molecular

  • Purkinje
  • Granular
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12
Q

Three transversely oriented lobes of the cerebellum

  • ____lobe
  • ____lobe
  • ____lobe
A

Floccular nodular

Anterior

Posterior

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13
Q

Floccular nodular lobe

  • consists of____ and ____
  • receives input from____ system
  • subserves____ and ___
A

vermis and flocculus

vestibular

posture and balance

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14
Q

Anterior lobe of cerebellum

  • receives input from___ and ___ receptors via________ tracts
  • plays role in_____
A

stretch receptors and Golgi tendon organs

spinocerebellar

muscle tone

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15
Q

Posterior lobe

  • receives input from____ via____ fibers
  • serves the coordination of_______
A

neocortex

corticopontocerebellar

voluntary motor activity

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16
Q 
Internal white substance
-Contains myelinated axons and four nuclei
\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

Dentate
Emboliform
Globose
Fastigial

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17
Q

Dentate

-Coordinates ______with_____ and _____

A

limb movements

motor cortex and basal ganglia

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18
Q

Emboliform

Regulate movements of______

A

ipsilateral extremity

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19
Q

Globose

-Regulate movements of_____

A

ipsilateral

extremity

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20
Q

Fastigial

-Regulates_____

A

body posture

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21
Q

Largest nuclei of the cerebellum is the ___ nuclei

A

Dentate

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22
Q

most fibres of the superior cerebellar peduncle originate from the ____ nuclei

A

Dentate

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23
Q 
Inferior peduncle of cerebellum
-\_\_\_\_fibers only
-Connects the cerebellum to the\_\_\_
-Mediate sensory information that originates in spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex to the cerebellum
-Afferent pathways include 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_(the acronym)
\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_,\_\_\_,\_\_\_\_
A

Afferent

medulla

V-CORD

Vestibulocerebellar

Cuneocerebellar

Olivocerebellar

Dorsal spinocerebellar

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24
Q

Vestibulocerebellar
-Vestibular information from_____ enters cerebellum
-Projects to both____ lobe and
_____nuclei
-Keep cerebellum informed of vestibular output from___ ear

A

cristae of the
semicircular canals

flocculonodular

fastigial

inner

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25
Q

Dorsal spinocerebellar
-Carry_____ sensation from
_______receptors in muscles and joints
-uses ____ type of fibers

A

unconscious proprioception

muscle spindles, golgi tendons and tactile

mossy

26
Q

Reticulocerebellar
-These brainstem nuclei receive projections from cortex, spinal cord,____ and____ then project bilaterally to the____ lobe of cerebellum through this tract

A

vestibular complex; red nucleus

paleocerebellum

27
Q

Reticular nuclei in brainstem projects sparingly to cerebellum
T/F

A

F

Projects extensively

28
Q

Olivocerebellar

  • Projections from the spinal cord
  • Pass through ____nucleus before projecting to _____lateral cerebellar hemisphere
  • uses ______fibers
A

inferior olivary

contra

climbing

29
Q

Cuneocerebellar

-Mediates____ sensation from the____ receptors in the____ and ____ of the body

A

proprioception

stretch

upper limbs and neck

30
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle

*____ fibers
-Connects the cerebellum to the___
-Mediate sensory information that originates in spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex to the cerebellum
-____pathways only
One major pathway example, mention it

A

Afferent

pons

Afferent

Pontocerebellar pathway

31
Q

Pontocerebellar pathway

  • Originate at____ nuclei
  • it Relays input from the ___lateral cerebral cortex
  • from Cortex→_____→______ [cerebral peduncle] →______ nuclei→ decussate→___ cerebellar peduncle→contralateral cerebellar hemisphere
A

pontine

contra

internal capsule

pes pedunculi

ipsilateral pontine; middle

32
Q

In Pontocerebellar pathway , the sensations from the cortex are primarily____sensations

A

sensory

33
Q

the cerebral peduncles are also known as the_____, while the large ventral bundle of____ fibers is referred to as the_____ or _____

A

basis pedunculi

efferent

cerebral crus or the pes pedunculi.

34
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle

  • _____ fibers only
  • Connects the cerebellum to the____ and ____
  • Transmit cerebellar output to the brainstem→ ____→___ cortex→ spinal cord
A

Efferent

pons and midbrain

thalamus

motor

35
Q

Efferent cerebellar pathways arise from three deep cerebellar nuclei,_____,____,____

A

Dentate, Emboliform , and Globose

36
Q

Efferent fibers from the deep cerebellar nuclei then gos through the___ cerebellar peduncle→Decussate at level of ____ then Some terminate in
___lateral___ nucleus then

(1) Spinal cord via ______ tract
(2) Basal ganglia via the _____nucleus of the thalamus
(3) Motor cortex via_____ and integration from _____
(4) Reticular formation in brainstem then Projects to______ for ____
(5) Vestibular nuclei
(6) Most continue to____

A

Superior

inferior colliculus

contra; red

rubrospinal

ventral lateral

ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus and with integration from basal ganglia

CN nuclei for speech

thalamus

37
Q

Affected Cardinal features of cerebellum causes Impaired______ and ______

A

muscle synergy and reduced muscle tone

38
Q

Cerebellar Ataxia aka_____

-Decomposition of_____ activity in segments

A

drunken man’s gait

coordinated motor

39
Q

Ataxic dysarthria

-speech is ___,___, and ___

A

Slow, slurred and disjointed speech projection

40
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

  • aka_____
  • Clumsiness in____ movements
A

adiadochokinesia

alternating

41
Q

Dysmetria

-Error in the_______ and ______ leading to______ or _____

A

judgement of a movement range and distance of target

undershooting , overshooting

42
Q

Intention tremor

-Unable to_____ during a volitional task

A

dampen accessory movements

43
Q

Cerebellar dysfunction leads to ____

Hypotonia or hypertonia

A

Hypotonia

44
Q

Rebouding

-Impaired ability to_______

A

predict movement or stop movement

45
Q

Disequilibrium

-_____gait, body wavers toward_____

A

Unsteady

side of lesion

46
Q

Clinical Pathologies

Stroke
-issue with Distribution of_____ artery system

A

vertebrobasilar

47
Q

Toxicity

-Cerebellar atrophy due to toxicity from_____ and cause_____ gait

A

chronic alcoholism

Wavering

48
Q

Ataxia

  • Lack of_____ in muscle activities
  • Symptoms always ____lateral to lesion
A

order and coordination

ipsi

49
Q

Cerebellar ataxia causes severe muscle weakness

T/F

A

F

Mild muscular weaknes

50
Q

Dysarthria
-Impaired ability to make the needed_____ and ____ in ongiong movement produces a drastic effect on____ movements, such as____

A

modifications and alterations

skilled

speech

51
Q

Ataxic dysarthria commonly seen in _______ lesions.

-Speech is ___,__,____, with each word or syllable spoken____. Known as____ speech.

A

bilateral cerebellar

slow, slurred, and disjointed

individually

syllabic

52
Q

Intention tremor

  • tremor with intended movement, worsens as______
  • Disappears at___
  • Results from impaired ability to _____during a skilled movement sequence.
A

get closer to target.

rest

dampen accessory movements

53
Q

Disequilibrium

  • People walk as if drunk, and the body wavers toward the side of the lesion.
  • Primarily affects the legs.
A

decreased

54
Q

I’m Cerebellar pathology.
-Normal muscle tension is decreased or increased?

and the muscle becomes spastic or flaccid

Affects the contralateral or Ipsilateral??

A

Decreased

Flaccid

Ipsilateral

55
Q

Friedreichs ataxia
-as a result of ________degeneration
-Involves the_____ columns of spinal cord,___ tracts,_____ tracts and____ nuclei
Symptoms include Ataxia, Dysarthria, Tremor , Weakness, Loss of proprioception,Dysmetria, Dysphagia

A

Progressive cerebellar

dorsal; corticospinal; spinocerebellar; dentate

56
Q

Friedreichs ataxia is Characterized by only motor dysfunction
T/F

A

F

combined sensory and motor dysfunction

57
Q

Nystagmus is a symptom of Friedreichs ataxia

T/F

A

T

58
Q

What is nystagmus

A

An involuntary eye movement which may cause the eye to rapidly move from side to side, up and down or in a circle, and may slightly blur vision.

59
Q

Friedrich’s ataxia is an Autosomal dominant hereditary non-degenerative condition

T/F

A

F

Recessive

Degenerative

60
Q

The cerebellum continually monitors all body motor activities and compares intended movements against the sensory info it receives. Therefore, it is important to____ learning.

A

motor

61
Q

cerebellum is involved in some language, cognition but not emotional behaviors.
T/F

A

F

It’s involved in all 3

Ana 203 Part B (15 decks)

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