Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ana 203 Part B > Blood supply of brain and SC > Flashcards

Blood supply of brain and SC Flashcards

1
Q

The brain is supplied by two sets of arteries: (1) _____and (2) ______ arteries

A

internal carotid

vertebrobasilar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

when occlusion of one of these arteries in circle of Willis’ occur ,the distal smaller arteries that it supplies can receive blood from the other arteries because it is a_____ circulation
-this protects against____ in the event of vessel disease to one of the regions

A

collateral

ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anterior perforated substance is a bilateral irregularly____ area in front of the____ and behind the_____, from which it is separated by the_____; medially and in front, it is continuous with the ____ gyrus

A

quadrilateral

optic tract

olfactory trigone

fissure prima

subcallosal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Internal Carotid Arteries

  • contributes __% of the total brain supply
  • emerges from bifurcation of common carotid at level of____ vertebrae
  • The artery then ascends up in the ____ and enters the cranial cavity through the____ and upper part of______

-T he course of the internal carotid artery is divisible into four parts: (1) cervical, (2) petrous, (3) cavernous and (4) cerebral.

A

80
C4

carotid sheath

carotid canal

foramen lacerum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cervical part of ICA
-This part of the artery is from its origin till it enters the____.

Petrous part of ICA
-This part of the artery traverses the_____ in the______ bone

A

carotid canal.

carotid canal

petrous temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1/3 of Cervical part of ICA lies within the carotid sheath along with the internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve
T/F

A

F

The whole length of cervical part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cavernous part of ICA

  • From the carotid canal, the artery enters the _____through the____ part of the____
  • Here, the artery has a___ course and is separated from the blood in that region by the____.
  • The____ nerve is related to the internal carotid artery closely in this course.
A

cavernous sinus

upper; foramen lacerum.

sinuous

endothelium

abducens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cerebral part of ICA
-At the ___ end of the cavernous sinus, the artery pierces the____ mater of the___ of the cavernous sinus and enters the_____ space.

A

anterior

dura

roof; subarachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_______ part of the internal carotid artery is also called as the “carotid siphon”

A

Cavernous part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Branches of the Cerebral Part
What’s your acronym!
Then list it

A

POMAA

Ophthalmic artery:

Anterior choroidal artery

Posterior communicating artery

Anterior cerebral artery

Middle cerebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Branches of the Cerebral Part

(1) Ophthalmic artery:
- It supplies the____ and its contents

(2) Anterior choroidal artery:
- It runs ___wards close to the optic tract
- supplies the____ pathway,____ and ____
- forms the____ of the____ horn of lateral ventricle.

A

orbit

back

visual

internal capsule and midbrain

choroid plexus

inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Posterior communicating artery:

  • This runs ___wards
  • anastomoses with the_____ artery, a branch of the____ artery

Anterior cerebral artery:

  • This supplies the____ surface of cerebrum
  • ____ strip of the____ surface except____ lobe
A

back

posterior cerebral; basilar

medial

upper; superolateral; occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Middle cerebral artery:

  • This supplies the____ surface of____ except___ lobe
  • _____strips each of the superolateral surface.
A

superolateral

cerebrum

occipital

upper and lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vertebrobasilar Arteries

  • contributes __% of the total blood supply to the brain
  • Each vertebral artery is a branch of the___ part of the_____ artery in the neck.
  • The course of the vertebral artery is divisible into four parts: (1) cervical, (2) vertebral, (3) suboccipital, and (4) cerebral.
A

20

first

subclavian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cervical part of Vertebrobasilar Arteries

  • This is the part of the artery from its origin till it enters the_____ of _____
  • Here, the artery lies in the ______ triangle.

Vertebral part of Vertebrobasilar Arteries
-This is the part of the artery traversing the _____ of _____

A

foramen transversarium of C6 vertebra.

scalenovertebral

foramina transversaria of upper six cervical vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Suboccipital part of Vertebrobasilar Arteries
-This is the horizontal part of the artery lying in the______ triangle.

cerebral part of Vertebrobasilar Arteries

  • The artery enters the cranial cavity by passing through the_____
  • It then pierces the ____ mater to enter the ____ space
  • This is the intracranial part of the artery lying in the____ space lateral to the____
A

suboccipital

foramen magnum.

dura; subarachnoid

subarachnoid; medulla oblongata.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Branches of the Cerebral Part of vertebrobailar artery
What is your acronym 😭😭
Then list it!

A

2P;2M;1A

Posterior spinal artery
Posterior inferior Cerebellar artery 
Medullary branches
Meningeal branches 
Anterior spinal artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anterior spinal artery:
It supplies the____ part of the____ and then _____and descends to supply the spinal cord.

-Posterior spinal artery:
It descends to supply the_____.

-

A

medial; medulla oblongata

fuses with the opposite anterior spinal artery

spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery:
It supplies the____ part of the _____, ______ part of the cerebellum and the____ of the____ ventricle.

Medullary branches:
These branches supply directly____ part of the_____

Meningeal branches:
They supply the meninges of the___ cranial fossa.

A

dorsolateral; medulla oblongata

posteroinferior

choroid plexus; fourth

anterolateral; medulla oblongata.

posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The two vertebral arteries ascend up and unite at the_____ to form the_____ artery.

A

pontomedullary junction

basilar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The basilar artery runs in the____ sulcus of the____ and at the _____divides into two_____ arteries(each with___and____ segments)

A

basilar

pons

pontomesencephalic junction

posterior cerebral

p1 and p2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Branches of Basilar Artery
Acronym is PL_-_
Now list them🌚

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery:
-Labyrinthine artery:

-Pontine branches:

Superior cerebellar artery:

-Posterior cerebral arteries:
.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery:
It supplies the_____ part of the cerebellum.

Labyrinthine artery:
It supplies the___

Pontine branches:
These paramedian branches dip into the pons and supply the___ part of the pons.

A

anteroinferior

inner ear

basilar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Superior cerebellar artery:
-It supplies the____ surface of the cerebellum and_____

-Posterior cerebral arteries:
They supply the____ lobes of the cerebrum,____ surface of tentorial part of cerebrum and a____ strip of superolateral surface of cerebrum.

A

superior

midbrain

occipital; inferior

lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

posterior choroidal branches are from the ______ artery

A

Posterior cerebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

posterior choroidal branches form the choroid plexus of the____ ventricle and the____ part of the lateral ventricle.

A

third

central

27
Q

Circle of Willis

  • aka_____
  • is an arterial anastomotic circle present in the ______
  • It is ____ in shape
  • extends between the_____ and____
  • It is closely related to the____ chiasma,____,____ bodies and____ perforated substance.
  • The arterial circle is an anastomosis between the ______ and _____system of arteries
A

Circulus Arteriosus

interpeduncular cistern.

polygonal

superior border of pons and median longitudinal fissure

optic; tuber cinereum; mamillary

posterior

internal carotid and the vertebrobasilar

28
Q

Formation of circulus arteriosus
-The____ artery, which connects the _____arteries and forms anterior part of the circle of Willis.

  • The_____ artery forms the anterolateral part on each side.
  • The lateral part is formed by the _____artery on each side.
  • Posterolaterally, the _____artery is the connecting link between the____ and _____ arteries
  • T he circle is completed posteriorly by the ____
A

anterior communicating; right and left anterior cerebral

anterior cerebral

termination of internal carotid

posterior communicating ; internal carotid and posterior cerebral

bifurcation of basilar artery into the right and left posterior cerebral arteries.

29
Q

Functional Importance of circle of Willis

-This arterial circle equalizes the____ to the two sides of the brain

A

pressure of the blood flow

30
Q

the main collateral channel of blood in the brain is the ____

A

Circuluus arteriosus

31
Q

Anterior Cerebral Artery

  • This artery arises from the____ artery____ the____ perforated substance and____ to the optic chiasma.
  • It crosses the optic chiasma to reach the_____
A

internal carotid

below; anterior

lateral

median longitudinal fissure.

32
Q

Anterior cerebral artery

At the anterior end of the longitudinal fissure, the____ artery connects the right and left anterior cerebral arteries.
-Inside the longitudinal fissure, the anterior cerebral artery winds around the___of____ and then runs ___riorly on the___ aspect of the____of_____

A

anterior communicating

genu of the corpus callosum

poste; superior

body of corpus callosum.

33
Q

Branches of anterior cerebral artery

  • orbital:_____ and _____ of ____ lobe
  • frontopolar:____
  • Callosomarginal:____gyrus;____ lobule;___
  • Pericallosal:_____ and _____
A

olfactory system;medial orbital surface of frontal lobe

frontal pole

medial frontal ; paracentral; precuneus

corpus callosum and cingulate gyrus

34
Q

Middle Cerebral Artery

  • It is one of the terminal branches of the____ artery.
  • It turns____ on the____ perforated substance to enter the stem of the____ sulcus, where it divides into four to five cortical branches.
A

internal carotid

laterally; anterior; lateral

35
Q

Posterior Cerebral Artery
-The right and left posterior cerebral arteries are the terminal branches of_____ artery. Each passes laterally around the____ of _______, where it receives the_______ artery. It continues along the lateral aspect of the midbrain and enters the____ compartment through the tentorial notch. Then, it courses on the tentorial surface of the brain giving out its branches.

A

basilar

crus cerebri of the midbrain

posterior communicating

supratentorial

36
Q

VASA CORONA ARTERY

-small anastomoses between the____ and ____ on both sides

A

anterior and posterior spinal arteries

37
Q

ARTERY OF ADAMKIEWICZ

  • aka______ or the _______artery
  • they branch directly from_____ artery and they join the ____artery from about ____vertebral level ___wards
A

arteria radicularis magna

great anterior segmental medullary

left posterior intercoastal

anterior spinal

T10-T12 ; down

38
Q

Trauma to the internal carotid artery in cavernous sinus leads to the formation of______ causing pulsating_____.

A

arteriovenous fistula

exophthalmos

39
Q

The internal carotid artery shows multiple bends, which produce S-shaped shadow called the carotid siphon on an angiogram. The carotid siphon helps in_______ in the cranial cavity.

A

damping down its pulsations

40
Q

Berry aneurysm(aka_____ aneurysm ):

  • is a localized dilatation on one of the arteries of the circle of Willis due to____. The most common sites of berry aneurysm are the_______ arteries and at the_____.
  • Rupture of berry aneurysm may cause life-threatening_______.
  • mostly occurs in those with_____ or _____ diseases
A

saccular

congenital muscular weakness

junction of anterior cerebral and anterior communicating

bifurcation of internal carotid arteries

subarachnoid haemorrhage

chronic hypertension or connective tissue

41
Q

Recurrent artery of Heubner: Recurrent branch of the____ cerebral artery .

  • is one of the anteromedial group of arteries.
  • It supplies the____,____ limb and___ of the internal capsule. Thrombosis in the artery of Heubner results in contralateral paralysis of the_____and____(_______)
A

anterior

caudate nucleus

anterior;genu

face and upper extremity

faciobrachial monoplegia

42
Q

Charcot’s artery of cerebral haemorrhage: One of the lateral striate arteries is usually larger than the others. Rupture of this artery, in______ individuals, results in loss of blood supply to____ leading to contralateral spastic hemiplegia, paralysis of lower half of face and altered sensorium (due to involvement of ____and____limb of internal capsule).

A

elderly hypertensive

internal capsule

genu and posterior

43
Q

Effects of occlusion of anterior cerebral artery:
_Paralysis (or weakness) of muscles of the_____ of the____ side (by involvement of the upper part of the motor area).
_Loss or diminution of sensations from the ____of the opposite side (by involvement of the upper part of the____ area).
_Sense of stereognosis is impaired (by involvement of____ lobe).
_Personality changes by involvement of___ lobe usually do not occur unless there is involvement of____

A

leg and foot; opposite

leg and foot ; sensory

parietal

frontal

both prefrontal cortices

44
Q

What is stereognosis

A

the mental perception of depth or three-dimensionality by the senses, usually in reference to the ability to perceive the form of solid objects by touch.

45
Q

Effects of occlusion of middle cerebral artery:
____ and ____on the opposite half of the body. The____and ___ are most affected. Foot and leg may show mild weakness.
_Aphasia (by involvement of ____ and ____areas), especially if the thrombosis is in the___ hemisphere in a___-handed person.
_Homonymous quadrantanopia on the opposite side (by involvement of Meyer’s loop passing superficially in the temporal lobe)
_

A

Hemiplegia and loss of sensations

face and arms

Broca’s and Wernicke’s

left; right

46
Q

Hearing is l totally affected in occlusion of middle cerebral artery
T/F

A

F

Hearing is never totally affected in occlusion of middle cerebral artery due to compensation by the opposite hemisphere.

47
Q

Effects of occlusion of posterior cerebral artery:

  • The loss of cortical supply results in________ with macular sparing.
  • Damage to association cortex of visual area causes_____ (distortion of____).
A

contralateral homonymous hemianopia

visual hallucinations

colour vision

48
Q

occlusion of basilar artery

  • aka_______
  • leads to bilateral loss of____ tracts=_____
  • the person can still do _____and are___ and ___
A

locked-in syndrome

corticospinal

quadriplegia

vertical eye movements

alert and conscious

49
Q

Occlusion of anterior inferior Cerebellar artery:

  • ____syndrome
  • ___lateral damages are
  • damage to CN_
  • damage to___ nerve and___ artery leading to vertigo,tinnitus,nystagmus,deafness
  • damage to____ cerebellar peduncle leading to ataxia, poor muscle coordination,poor muscle tone and balance
  • ___lateral loss of pain and temp sensations due to damage to_____ tract
A

lateral pontine

Ipsi; 7

vestibular; labyrinthine

middle

contra; spinothalamic

50
Q

occlusion of anterior spinal artery

  • _____syndrome
  • __lateral CN__ palsy
  • damage to corticospinal tract causing contralateral_____
  • damage to______ causing loss of contralateral touch,presssure,vibration, and proprioception sensations
A

medial medullary

Ipsi; 12

hemiplageia

medial lemniscus

51
Q

occlusion of posterior inferior Cerebellar artery

  • ataxia, poor muscle coordination,poor muscle tone and balance
  • CN_ palsy leading to_____,____,and_____
  • can cause ____ syndrome (sympa nerve is affected)
  • ___ of upper eyelid
  • pupil____
  • _____(no sweating)
  • contralateral loss of___and ___ sensations due to damage to spinothalamic tract
  • affect____ nucleus of trigemibal nerve leading to___lateral loss of _____ of the ____
A

10

dysphagia and negative gag reflex and deviated uvula

Horner’s

ptosis

constriction

Anhidrosis

pain and temp

spinal; Ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature of the face

52
Q

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF BRAIN
-veins draining the brain are

Valve or valveless

thin or thick walled

Have or lack muscle in their wall

A

Valveless

Thin

Lack

53
Q

.veins of the brain

-they drain into nearby venous sinuses that almost all drain into____

A

IJV

54
Q

Veins of the Cerebral Hemisphere

  • The veins of the cerebral hemisphere consist of two sets: (1) superficial and (2) deep.
  • The superficial veins on the ___ surface of the cerebral hemisphere are classified into____,_____,and____
A

superolateral

superior, superficial middle and inferior.

55
Q

-The superficial veins on the base of the cerebral hemisphere are the____ veins.

A

basal

56
Q

Basal veins are formed by the union of _____vein and ______vein

A

deep middle cerebral

anterior cerebral

57
Q

Basal veins drain into_____ vein

A

great cerebral

58
Q

The deep veins comprise of the____ veins, the____ vein and____ vein on each side. All these veins drain into the corresponding_____ vein.

A

septal

choroidal

thalamostriate

internal cerebral

59
Q

Two internal cerebral veins join to form the ____ vein of ____, which drains into ____ sinus

A

great cerebral

Galen

straight

60
Q

Direct branches of the ICA that contributes to circle of Willis

A

Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral
Posterior communicating branch

61
Q

Middle cerebral artery supplies the corpus callosum

T/F

A

F

62
Q

Middle cerebral artery runs in the lateral sulcus

T/F

A

T

63
Q

Middle cerebral artery is the largest contributor to circle of Willis
T/F

A

F

64
Q

Circle of Willis is circular in shape

T/F

A

F

Ana 203 Part B (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions