Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ana 203 Part B > Brainstem > Flashcards

Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

Brainstem is located in the_____ cranial fossa.

-Its ventral surface lies on the____.

A

posterior

clivus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Posteriorly, the pons and medulla are separated from the cerebellum by the______

A

cavity of the fourth ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MID BRAIN
-It is about____ cm long and____ cm wide
-connects the ____brain with the ___brain. -Its cavity,_____ (aka _____) connects
the___ ventricle with the—— ventricle. -

A

2.5; 2.5

hind; fore

the cerebral aqueduct; aqueduct of Sylvius

third; fourth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The midbrain passes through the ____notch.

A

tentorial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Midbrain is related on each side to the____ tract,_____ gyrus, ____artery, and___ vein

  • anteriorly to the____ structures, viz.____,___, etc
  • posteriorly to the____,____ vein,____ body and posterior ends of____ and _____
A

optic

parahippocampal

posterior cerebral

basal

interpeduncular; mammillary bodies; tuber cinereum

splenium of corpus callosum; great cerebral; pineal; right and left thalami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

transverse section at the point of the inferior colliculus

-the anteriormost structure is the ____and the posteriormost is the____

A

crus cerebri ; inferior colliculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

crus cerebri has 3 sections: the section for the____ nuclei,_____ nuclei, and the_____ nuclei

A

frontopontine

corticospinal/nuclear

temporal/occipital/parietal pontine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

region between crus cerebri and inferior colliculus is called the____

A

tegmentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

transverse section at the point of the inferior colliculus

in the tegmentum region, right behind the crus cerebri,we have the____ .

A

substantial nigra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Substantial nigra has 2 parts: Pars____(the dark ____neurons)and pars____ (the lighter_____ neurons)

A

compacta; dopaminergic

reticularis; gabanergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The pars compacta of the substantial nigra contains melanin

T/F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

transverse section at the point of the inferior colliculus

behind the substantial nigra are some ascending tracts on the lateral walls eg is the_____, then behind that is the_____(taking sensations from the___), then the_____, and finally the_____ (___pathways)

A

medial lemniscus(DCML)

trigeminal lemniscus; face

spinal lemniscus

lateral lemniscus; auditory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

transverse section at the point of the inferior colliculus

now, the central stuffs. From back to front;
——for NE,____ for serotonin ,and___ nucleus of____, all at the 2 sides of the____ that is surrounded by the ____matter

A

Locus coreulus

ralphe nucleus

mesemcephalic; CN5

cerebral aqueduct

periaqudectual gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

transverse section at the point of the inferior colliculus

just anterior to the cerebral aqueduct is the _____connecting CN-,-,-
-anterior to it is the___ fibers and anterior to that is____ fibers and finally anterior to that we have the____ of the____ fibers from the cerebellum to the____ or ____ and finally to the____

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

346

tectospinal

rubrospinal

decussation; superior cerebellar peduncles; red nucleus or thalamus; cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

crus cerebri+ tegmentum =______

A

cerebral peduncle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

transverse section at the point of the inferior colliculus

CN4 comes out of the mid Brain in the region of the____
-nuclei of CN—- ,—-, and —— come from the midbrain

A

3,4, and mesencephalic nuclei of 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the base of the mid brain(aka ____): contains the FALX___;

A

basis pedunculi

cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

reticular formation can be seen in the midbrain

T/F

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

transverse section at the point of the superior colliculus

Presence or absence of lateral lemniscus at this level

A

Absence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

transverse section at the point of the superior colliculus

  • now from the front to the back:___ nucleus immediately behind the crus cerebri (middle portion of tegmentum), it decussates___ (______decussation) to later form the___ fibers;
  • then behind that we have the ____decussation that originated from the____ and goes___ after decussation to form the____ fibers
A

red

anteriorly

ventral tegmental

rubrospinal

dorsal tegmental ; superior colliculus; down; tectospinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

transverse section at the point of the superior colliculus

occulomotor nerves pass this region but only supply____ neuron to____ muscles (GSE)

  • ____nucleus is also found associated with the occulomotor nerve but this innervates___ structures like___ muscles, etc; GVE
  • we also have the pretectal nuclei. Stimulated by___ nerves, and then provides bilateral stimulation to the____ nucleus that goes to innervate the_____
A

motor; skeletal

edinger westphal; visceral; smooth

optic; edinger westphal

ciliary body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Edinger westphal nucleus

Sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

they are parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

red nucleus contains blood vessels

T/F

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

-fiber connection between the____ and_____ is called the brachium of IC

A

inferior colliculus; medial geniculate nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

nigrostriatal pathway is between____ and_____

A

SN

lentiform nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cerebellorubro fibers go from the ____i to the____ through the____ and from that to the____ then___. OR straight from the ____i to the____ then ____

A

deep cerebellar nucle

red nucleus

superior cerebellar peduncle

thalamus

cortex

deep nucle

thalamus then cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

descending fibers form the red nucleus can go to the___ in the medulla and then through the____ peduncle back to the___

A

inferior olives

inferior cerebrally

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

connection from the___,___, and____ is called brachium of SC

A

frontal eye field

retina

visual cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

PONS

  • Pons is about__ cm long and forms the___ half of the____ of the___ ventricle
  • the median plane, it presents a vertical groove, the____ groove, which lodges the___ artery.
  • The trigeminal nerve is attached to this surface by two roots: a_____ and _____ root
A

2.5; upper; floor; fourth

basilar; basilar

small motor and a large sensory

30
Q

The motor root of CN5 and the sensory root of CN5

Which lies lateral to which

A

Sensory lies lateral to motor

31
Q

The superior cerebellar arteries curve along the____ border of pons , intervening between the____ and ____ nerves.

A

superior

oculomotor and trochlear

32
Q

The anterior inferior cerebellar arteries curve round the____ border of pons

A

inferior

33
Q

Transverse section of pons At the level of the motor nuclei of the trigeminal nerve

  • from___ body to the front is the___ portion of the pons
  • from____ body backwards is the____ region of the pons
A

trapezoid; basillar

Trapezoid; tegmentum

34
Q

Transverse section of pons At the level of the motor nuclei of the trigeminal nerve

pontine nuclei in the_____ portion of the pons receive descending motor fibers from the___ and send_____ fibers to the ___lateral ___ through the ____lateral ——-

A

basillar; cortex

pontocerebellar

contra; cerebellum

contra; middle cerebellar peduncle

35
Q

Transverse section of pons At the level of the motor nuclei of the trigeminal nerve

now in the tegmentum region , we have some fibers arranged from medial to lateral as :
______, _____,____,_____

A

medial lemniscus;trigeminal lemniscus; spinal lemniscus; lateral lemniscus

36
Q

Transverse section of pons At the level of the motor nuclei of the trigeminal nerve

behind the lateral lemniscus is the____ tract that comes through the medulla, pons, and even to mid Brain then leaves to enter____ through the_____
-in the middle of the tegmentum region, from front to back, we have the____ tract,____ tract, and the______

A

ventral spinocerebellar; cerebellum

superior cerebellar peduncles

rubrospinal; tectospinal; medial longitudinal fasciculus

37
Q

Transverse section of pons At the level of the motor nuclei of the trigeminal nerve

then we have the___ nucleus and principal___ nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the___ region of the pons too

  • apparently____ ventricle dey here o
  • the posterior boundary of the pons at this level is called the_____
  • there’s a little portion of the___ cerebellar peduncle at the_____ region of the pons
A

motor; sensory; tegmentum

fourth

superior medullary velum

superior

posterolateral

38
Q

velum: thin layers that form—- part of cerebellum and___ of 4th ventricle ;we have____ and ____ velum

A

anterior; roof

superior medullary and inferior medullary

39
Q

in the midline of pons ,is the___ sulcus and lying on that is an artery that gives ____arteries and goes to____.

A

pontine

short pontine

supply the brain

40
Q

Transverse section of pons At the level of the facial and abducens nerve

-lateral lemniscus formed or not,

A

Not

41
Q

Transverse section of pons At the level of the facial and abducens nerve

  • ___nucleus of CN5 starts here and goes___
  • various nucleus of CN7 , send axons that wrap around the____ nucleus
A

spinal; down

abducens

42
Q

trigeminal lemniscus starts at what point and goes in what direction

A

Pons.. level of facial and abducens nerve

Goes up

43
Q

Which parts of the vestibular nucleus cant be found in pons, can’t be found in the pons and where can it be found

A

superior, medial, and lateral parts of the vestibular nucleus complex can be found here but not the inferior bit that is in the medulla

44
Q

Transverse section of pons At the level of the facial and abducens nerve

vestibular nucleus complex sends fibers through the inferior cerebral peduncle to the______ . ;
-there is___ and ____ cochlear nuclei in this region and they are separated by a tiny piece of the_____

A

vestigial nucleus in the cerebellum

dorsal and ventral

inferior cerebellar peduncle

45
Q

How is medial longitudinal fasciculus formed

A

Vestibular nucleus complex can stimulate the contralateral CN6 that further stimulates CN 3 and 4 to form the medial longitudinal fasciculus

46
Q

superior olivary nucleus is found where???

A

Pons. Level of facial nerve and abducens nerve

47
Q

facial colliculus is a little depression in the _____formed by the_____

A

fourth ventricle

turning of the facial fibers over the abducens nucleus

48
Q

Which cranial nerves are found at the pons

A

CN 6,7,8 and part of 5

49
Q

Which lemnisci is found in the upper part of pons and which is found in the lower

A

Upper -4 lemnisci: medial, trigeminal, spinal and lateral

Lower-2 lemnisci: medial and spinal

50
Q

Presence of trapezoid body and nucleus in the upper and lower part of pons

T/F

A

F.

It’s absent in the upper part

51
Q

Blood Supply of the Pons
The pons is supplied by the following arteries:
• Numerous (pontine) branches from the____ artery.
•______ artery.

A

basilar

Anterior inferior cerebellar

52
Q

MEDULLA

  • The medulla is shaped like a______(___-like)
  • Medulla oblongata measures about___ cm in length,__ cm in breadth (at the widest part) and___ cm in
    thickness) .
  • The medulla contains vital centres which are essential for life. These are: (a)___ centre, (b)____ centre, and (c)_____ centre.
A

truncated cone ; bulb

3; 2; 1.25

cardiac; vasomotor; respiratory

53
Q

Medulla provides attachment to ___cranial nerves.

-central canal of medulla widens___ and move___ to form___ part of___ ventricle

A

last four

above

dorsally

lower

4th

54
Q

External Features

  • divided into right and left symmetrical halves by_____ and_____
  • anterolateral sulcus between ____ and ____= CN_____
  • posterolateral sulcus between _____ and ______=CN________
A

anterior median fissure

posterior median sulcus

pyramid and olives; 12

olives and inferior cerebellar peduncle; 9,10,11

55
Q

Pyramids of the medulla

  • produced by the____ fibres.
  • Most of these fibres about (—%) cross to the opposite side (___decussation) in the___ part of medulla and then descend as____ corticospinal tract in the____ of the spinal cord.
  • About___% of uncrossed fibres run downwards as____ corticospinal tract in the___ of the spinal cord
  • the remaining —% run downwards along with uncrossed fibres in the____ of the spinal cord
A

corticospinal (pyramidal)

75; pyramidal; lower; lateral; lateral white column

20; anterior; anterior white column

5; lateral white column

56
Q

Olives.

  • These are —-shaped elevations,located ____ to the pyramids
  • are produced by an underlying mass of__ matter called_____
A

oval

posterolateral

grey

inferior olivary nucleus

57
Q

Posterior features of medulla
Closed part
From medial to lateral these are:_____,_____,_____.

A

fasciculus gracilis, fasciculus cuneatus, and inferior cerebellar peduncle

58
Q

Posterior features of medulla
Closed part

The upper ends of the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus expand to form the ____ and _____respectively due to____ of the same name.

A

gracile and cuneate tubercles

underlying nuclei

59
Q

Posterior features of medulla
Closed part

Another elevation present lateral to cuneate tubercle, is the _____ and is produced by the ____nucleus of___ nerve.

A

Tuber cinerum

spinal ; trigeminal

60
Q

Posterior features of medulla

Open part
The open part of the medulla forms the___ part of the___ of____ ventricle

A

lower

floor

fourth

61
Q

List some features of open part of posterior medulla

\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_
A 
median sulcus
hypoglossal tiangle
 vagal triangles
vestibular areas
area postrema
stria medullaris, etc.
62
Q 
The medulla is supplied by the following arteries:
• \_\_\_\_\_\_arteries.
• \_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_arteries.
• \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_arteries.
•\_\_\_\_ artery.
A

Two vertebral

Anterior and posterior spinal

Anterior and posterior inferior cerebellar

Basilar

63
Q

Function of Olivary nuclei

A

Relay information associated with voluntary muscle movement to the cerebellum

64
Q

The bulbar paralysis is characterised by the paralysis of muscles supplied by____ nerves arising from the____.

A

last four cranial

medulla

65
Q

The ridge covering the anterior and lateral aspect of pons is composed of longitudinal bundles

T/F

A

T

66
Q

Pons receives efferent fibers from the Dentate nucleus

T/F

A

F

67
Q

The fibers of the crus cerebri split up into longitudinal bundles of the pons
T/F

A

T

68
Q

A section of the midbrain at level of superior colliculus will show

Trochlear nerve nucleus
Corticospinal tract
Medial longitudinal bundle

T/F

A

F
T
T

69
Q

Lesion at tegmentum of midbrain is called ___ syndrome

Causes:
Flaccid paralysis of eye on same side
Cerebellar ataxia
Red nucleus rigidity

T/F

A

Benedikt

F
T
T

70
Q

The ridge covering the anterior and lateral aspect of pons is composed of longitudinal bundles

T/F

A

T

71
Q

Pons receives efferent fibers from the Dentate nucleus

T/F

A

F

72
Q

The fibers of the crus cerebri split up into longitudinal bundles of the pons
T/F

A

T

Ana 203 Part B (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions