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Ana 203 Part B > Cerebrum > Flashcards

Cerebrum Flashcards

1
Q

The cerebral cortex

  • the outermost layer of__ matter making up the____ aspect of the cerebrum
  • ____thick
  • total area =____
  • contain_____ cells
  • most of the neurons Are of 3 types
  • ____ ,____ and____ cells
  • cortex + thalamus =____ system
A

gray; superficial

2-5mm

1/4 of a square meter

100billion

granular; pyramidal; fusiform

thalmocortical

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2
Q

granular cells of the cerebrum function in intracortical processing of___ signals

While pyramidal and fusiform cells function in——-

A

incoming

almost all output fibers from the cortex

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3
Q

lobes of the cerebrum are seperated by—— ,——, and—— sulcus

A

central

lateral

parietooccipital

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4
Q

FRONTAL LOBE

-located deep to—— bone

A

frontal

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5
Q

——- primary lobe plays an important role in being able to initiate and stop Tasks

A

Frontal

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6
Q

Motor area:

  • area__
  • located in____ gyrus and—— lobule
  • represented——- on an homunculus
  • controls—— activity of the____ Half of the brain
A

4

precentral; para central

upside down

voluntary; opposite

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7
Q

Paracentral lobule controls motor and sensory innervations of the——— and is also responsible for control of—— and——.

A

contralateral lower extremity

defecation; urination

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8
Q

Premotor area:

  • area__
  • located on the——- parts of superior, inferior,and middle frontal gyrus
  • controls—— system
A

6

posterior

extra pyramidal

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9
Q

Supplemental motor area

  • area __
  • located——— to paracentral lobe
  • controls movement on——- side of the brain
A

6

anterior

contralateral

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10
Q

The inferior frontal gyrus includes____ area

A

Broca’s

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11
Q

Frontal eye field

  • area — and —-
  • ___part of____ frontal gyrus
  • controls——- conjugate movement of the eye
A

6,8

posterior; middle

horizontal

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12
Q

Prefrontal cortex

  • area — and —- and—- and ——
  • located at the____ part of the frontal lobe
A

9,10 ,11,12

remaining large

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13
Q

—— area of frontal lobe controls emotion,concentration, attention , initiative, judgment,personality

A

Prefrontal cortex area

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14
Q

——- primary lobe plays an important role in abstract thought

A

Frontal lobe

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15
Q

Broca’s area

  • areas—— and ——
  • In 1982, Dr. ___broca described a patient who could only say the word ‘__’. Found damage in____ hemisphere
  • blood supply to the Broca’s area is by ——artery
A

44,45

Paul ; tam

left cerebral

middle meningeal

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16
Q

Broca’s area is found on ——hemisphere most times

A

Left

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17
Q

List the parts of the inferior frontal gyrus

A

pars opercularis,orbitalis,triangularis

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18
Q

Broca’s area is located at the pars opercularis,orbitalis,triangularis

T/F

A

T

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19
Q

Arrange the parts of the inferior frontal gyrus from rostral to caudal

A

Pars orbitalis
Pars triangularis
Pars opercularis

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20
Q

—— primary lobe plays major role in sensations and integration of sensations , spatial awareness and perception (proprioception

A

Parietal lobe

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21
Q

—— area of the frontal lobe plays major role in formation of words , stimulation of muscles of larynx, mouth, soft palate, tongue,and respiration

A

Broca’s area

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22
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

  • areas ——, —,——
  • ranges from____ gyrus to____ part of____ lobule
  • blood supply is—— and____——- arteries
A

3,1,2

post central; posterior; paracentral

anterior

middle

cerebral

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23
Q

——— area of the parietal lobe is involved in processing of tactil and proprioceptive information

A

Primary somatosensory cortex

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24
Q

Between the parts of the Primary somatosensory cortex, which part has more granular and more pyramidal cells

A

More granular- 3

More pyramidal- 1,2

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25
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

receives projection fibers from—— and____ of the thalamus

A

VPL

VPM

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26
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex receives sensation mostly from___ side of body,some____ from ipsilateral side, and some—-,—— and——- sensations from both sides

A

contralateral

mouth sensation

pharynx; larynx; perineum

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27
Q

Somatosensory association area

  • areas —— and ——
  • located on the ——- part of parietal lobe
  • extending into—— surface of hemisphere
A

5,7

superior

median

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28
Q

Secondary somatosensory cortex

  • area —-
  • located on the——- lip of—— lip of—— fissure
A

43

superior; post; lateral

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29
Q

Somatosensory cortex area
may assist with visuo-motor coordination
T/F

A

F

It’s somatosensory association area

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30
Q

——- area of the parietal lobe is primarily involved with interpretation of sensations of taste

A

Secondary somatosensory cortex

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31
Q

Angular gyrus

  • area ——
  • directly behind—— gyrus
  • receives—— input
A

39

Supramarginal

visual

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32
Q

Supramarginal gyrus

  • area ——
  • involved in—— response and ——processing in kids
  • also involved in integration of___,—— and—— information
A

40

emotional

phonological

visual; auditory; somatosensory

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33
Q

Angular gyrus plays a part in language and number processing, memory and reasoning

T/F

A

T

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34
Q

Insular cortex is involved with 3 things
——- sensations
——-sensations
——-sensations

A

Gustation

Visceral

Vestibular

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35
Q

Supramarginal gyrus+ Angular gyrus =——— lobe

A

inferior parietal

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36
Q

vestibular cortex is area —-

A

2

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37
Q

Primary visual cortex

  • area ——
  • located in—— lobe;—— wall of——- sulcus
A

17

occipital

posterior

calcarine

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38
Q

The calcarine sulcus is an anatomical landmark located at the—— end of the—— surface of the brain of humans and other primates

A

caudal; medial

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39
Q

Visual association area

  • area ——
  • located ——- the primary visual area
  • correlation of visual impulses with past memory and recognition of objects seen and also in depth
A

19

ontop

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40
Q

Occcipital eye field

  • aka———area
  • brodman —- area
  • for conjugate movement of eyes in the opposite side
A

secondary visual

18

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41
Q

The preoccipital notch is an indentation approximately—- cm in front of the—- pole on the—— border of the temporal lobe. It is a significant landmark as the occipital lobe lies behind the lateral—— line, joining the preoccipital notch and the—— sulcus.

A

5

occipital

inferolateral

parietotemporal

parieto-occipital

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42
Q

Largest of all the lobes of the brain is the ——- lobe

A

Frontal

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43
Q

Frontal lobe Comprises approximately_____ of hemispheric SURAFCE of the brains

A

a third

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44
Q

The superolateral surface of the frontal lobe has 4 main covolutions- _____, and ____,____ &_______ divided by 2 sulci- the—— & ____sulci.

A

precentral gyrus

superior

middle

inferior frontal gyri

superior; inferior frontal

45
Q

The broad middle frontal gyrus is often divided by a____ into___ &____ tiers.

A

shallow horizontal sulcus

upper; lower

46
Q

The superior frontal gyrus lies_____ to the superior frontal sulcus, the middle frontal gyrus lies between the____ and _____sulcus.

A

superior

superior; inferior frontal

47
Q

-The infrerior frontal gyrus is invaded by the_____&_____ of the ___sulcus, giving rise to——-, ——-,—— of the inferior frontal gyrus.

A

anterior horizontal

anterior ascending rami

lateral

pars orbitalis, triangularis & opercularis

48
Q

The pars triangularis & opercularis in the dominant hemisphere are referred to as the _____area.

A

Broca’s speech

49
Q

Orbital surface of frontal lobe has a deep straight sulcus medially-____ sulcus.

  • The____ lies medial to the olfactory sulcus.
  • Lateral to the olfactory sulcus are____
A

the olfactory

gyrus rectus

a number of orbital gyri whose convolutional patterns are variable.

50
Q

the orbital sulcus divides the____ into______ and____

A

orbital gyrus

anterior ;posterior

51
Q

The lateral surface of the parietal lobe is divided by___ sulci into____ gyri..

A

2; 3

52
Q

-post central gyrus is usually continuous

T/F

A

F

post central gyrus is usually not continuous, but broken up into superior & inferior segments

53
Q

Running from the middle of the post cental sulcus is the_____ sulcus.

A

intraparietal

54
Q

-The intraparietal sulcus has superior to it the ____lobule (gyrus) & inferior to it the_____ lobule (gyrus).

A

superior parital

inferior parietal

55
Q

The inferior parietal lobule consists of 2 gyri, The ———- gyrus & the_____ gyrus

A

the supramarginal

angular

56
Q

The supramarginal gyrus is found around both banks of the____

Angular gyrus that surrounds the_____ part of the_____

A

posterior ramus of the lateral sulcus

ascending terminal; superior temporal sulcus.

57
Q

The temporal lobe occupies the area_____ to the lateral sulcus.

A

inferior

58
Q

The lateral surface of the temporal is divided into____ gyri by___ sulci.

A

3; 2

59
Q

The superior &____ temporal sulci run parallel to the____ of the lateral sulcus, & divide the temporal lobe into _____,____,_____temporal gyri

A

middle

posterior ramus

superior, middle & inferior

60
Q

the inferior temporal gyrus is continued onto the_____ surface of the hemisphere.

A

inferior

61
Q

The collateral sulcus courses____ below____ sulcus

A

anteriorly

calcarine

62
Q

between the collateral and calcarine sulcus is the____ gyrus

A

lingual

63
Q

Anterior to lingual gyrus is____ gyrus and it’s most medial part is the____

A

parahippocampal

uncus

64
Q

The medial occipitotemporal gyrus (OTG) extends from the____ lobe to the____ lobe. It is bounded medially by____ &___ sulci & laterally by_____ sulci

A

occipital

temporal

collateral; rhinal

occipitotemporal

65
Q

The lateral OTG(———) lies lateral to_____ sulci ; is continuous with______ gyrus

A

occipitotemporal gyrus

OTS

inferior temporal

66
Q

Weirnecke’s area

  • In year —— , mr ——— noticed damage to another region of the cortex.
  • Wernicke’s area is connected to—— area by a____
A

1967; Karl Wernicke

Broca’s; bundle of nerve fibres.

67
Q

So Wernicke’s area is concerned with _____ while Broca’s area is concerned with_____

A

understanding language.

controlling the muscles that produce speech.

68
Q

On the medial aspect of hemispere, occipital lobe is divided by____ sulcus into the —— and ——-gyrus

  • The primary visual cortex (striate) is found on____ banks of the____ sulcus.
  • The visual cortex in each hemisphere receives impulses from the temporal half of ___lateral retina & nasal half of ___lateral retina
A

calcarine

cuneus & lingual

both; calcarine

ipsi; contra

69
Q

Largest part of diencephalon is the _____

A

Thalamus

70
Q

Most sensory input projects to —— part of the Diencephalon

A

Thalamus

71
Q

The thalamus Influences mood and actions as fear or rage

T/F

A

T

72
Q

Subthalamus
-Involved in controlling____ functions

Epithalamus
-____gland may influence____

A

motor

Pineal ; sleep-wake cycle

73
Q

The Cerebral Hemispheres

  • The cerebral hemispheres are partially separated from each other by a_______, called the ______ fissure.
  • The fissure contains the____-shaped fold of__ mater, called the____, and the ——-arteries.
  • In the depths of the fissure, the great commisure, the_____, connects the____ across the mid-line.
A

deep midline sagittal fissure

longitudinal

sickle; dura; falx cerebri; anterior cerebral

corpus callosum; hemispheres

74
Q

A 2nd horizontal fold-____ of dura mater separates the cerebral hemispheres.

A

tentorium cerbelli

75
Q

To increase the surface area of the cerebral cortex maximally the surface of each cerebral hemisphere is thrown into______, which are separated from each other by _____

A

folds or gryi

sulci or fissures.

76
Q

Lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital,___,____ lobes.

A

insular; limbic

77
Q

The —— sulci is classified as a limiting sulci

A

Main central sulci

78
Q

The Main sulci
-The central sulcus indents the superior medial border of the hemisphere about____cm behind the mid-point. It runs____ and___ across the lateral aspect of the hemisphere, and its lower end is separated from the posterior ramus of the lateral sulcus by________

A

1cm

downward; forward

a narrow bridge of cortex.

79
Q

The lateral sulcus

  • Begins inferiorly in the____ fossa & extends____, separating the____ &____ lobes.
  • Caudally, separates___ &____ lobes.
  • Consists of a short stem that divides into___ rami.
  • The stem arises on the___ surfaces and on reaching the lateral surface it divides into the___ ramus and the ____ramus, & continues as the____ ramus.
A

Sylvian; posteriorly

frontal; temporal

parietal; temporal

three

inferior; anterior horizontal; anterior ascending ; posterior

80
Q

An area of cortex- the insula lies at the____ of the____,—- sulcus

A

bottom

deep

lateral

81
Q

The parieto-occipital sulcus
-begins on the____ of the hemisphere about___ inches (5 cm)___ to the occipital pole.
-It passes downward and___ on the____ surface to meet the____ sulcus.

A

superior median

2

anterior

anteriorly

medial

calcarine

82
Q

The calcarine sulcus

  • is found on the____ surface of the hemisphere.
  • It commences under the____ end of the ____and arches___ and____ to reach the____ lobe, where it stops.
  • In some brain, however, it continues for a short distance onto the____ surface of the hemisphere.
  • The calcarine sulcus is joined at an___ angle by the____ sulcus about halfway along the length
A

medial

posterior; corpus callosum

upward; backwards; occipital

lateral

acute; parieto-ocipital

83
Q

Layers of the cerebrum
-The most prominent kind of neurons in the cerebral cortex are____ cells ( Layer__ &__)
-The motor cortex in the precentral gyrus lack___ cells in layers__ &__.
-In somesthetic cortex of postcentral gyrus- lack____ cells in layers—- and —-

A

pyramidal; III; V

granular; II; IV

pyramidal; III & V.

84
Q

Which is thicker?

Motor or sensory cortex

A

Motor cortex thicker than sensory.

85
Q

Largest commissural fiber of the brains is ——-?

A

Corpus callosum

86
Q

CORPUS CALLOSUM

-Lies____ the longitudinal fissure.

A

beneath

87
Q

The corpus callosum is divided. Into 4 parts

——-
———
———
———

A

rostrum

genu

body
Splenium

88
Q 
Corpus callosum 
Divided into:
-rostrum: \_\_\_\_\_end.
-genu:\_\_\_\_ end that bends\_\_\_\_ in front of\_\_\_\_
-body
- splenium:\_\_\_\_\_\_ portion
A

thin ant

curved anterior; inferiorly; septum pellucidium

thickened posterior

89
Q

Forceps minor- fibers of the____ curving——— and ——- into____ lobes.

  • Tapetum- fibers extending from____ forming the____ and —— of____ horn of___ ventricle & —— wall of inferior horn.
  • Forceps major- fibers from___ curving___ and ___ into the____ lobe.
A

genu ;laterally & forward; frontal

body ;roof & lateral wall; posterior; lateral

lateral

splenium; laterally & backward; occipital

90
Q

Anterior Commissure

  • A small anterior part interconnects _____on the 2 sides
  • Larger posterior part interconnects regions of _____ and ——- _____ gyri
A

olfactory structures

middle & inferior

temporal

91
Q

Posterior Commissure

  • Bundle of nerve fibers that cross the midline immediately above the_____
  • Related to inferior part of____
  • Fibers from____ nuclei to the ____nuclei, involved in_____ reflex cross here.
A

opening of cerebral aqueduct into 3rd ventricle.

pineal stalk.

pretectal; Edinger-Westphal ; consensual light

92
Q

The Fornix
-Fornix composed of ____linated nerve fibers & constitute_____ system of hippocampal formation that passes to_____ of ____alamus.

A

mye; efferent; mammilary bodies; hypoth

93
Q

Alveus- a thin layer of white matter on the____.These converge medially to form the___, which in turn transforms into the____

A

hippocampus

fimbria

crus of the fornix.

94
Q

The crus of Fornix from each side curves___ and____ beneath the___ of____ and around the____ surface of the thalamus.

  • The 2 crura converge to form the___ of the fornix. The 2 crura are connected by ___fibers - the commissure of the fornix.
  • Anteriorly, the body of fornix is connected to the_____ of the corpus callosum by the____
  • Body of fornix splits ___riorly into ____of fornix.
A

posteriorly; superiorly

splenium; corpus callosum; posterior

body; transverse

undersurface; septum pellucidum.

ante; 2 columns

95
Q

Each column of fornix curves____ and ____ over the interventricular foramen & into lateral wall of____ ventricle to reach the______

A

anteriorly & inferiorly

3rd; mammillary body.

96
Q

The fornix connects HFs of the 2 sides.

T/F

A

T

97
Q

Habenular Commissure

  • The habenular commisure is a small bundle of nerve fibers that cross the midline in the____ part of the root of the____
  • The commissure is associated with the habernular nuclei, which are situated on___ in this region.
  • The habernular nuclei receive many afferents from the____ and the___
A

superior; pineal stalk.

either side of the midline

amygdaloid nuclei; hippocampus

98
Q

Association Fibers.

  • Short association fibers arch thru—— of ——- to connect adjacent convolutions.
  • They course_____ to long axis of the___.
A

floor of each sulcus

transversely; sulci

99
Q

Long Association Fibers
-Uncinate fasciculus:Compact bundle connecting ___gyri & anterior parts of——- lobe.

-Inferior longitudinal fasciculus: Passes lateral to____ connecting_____ to ____ lobes.

A

orbital frontal ; temporal

optic radiation; occipital to temporal

100
Q

Fronto-occipital fasciculus

Long or short association fiber?

A

Long

101
Q

Arcuate fasciculus:____ lobe with—— lobe.

-Superior longitudinal fasciculus: Connects anterior part of____ to ___ and ___lobes.

A

Frontal; temporal

frontal; occipital & temporal

102
Q

Cingulum: Principal ass fibers on___ aspect of hemisphere

According to slide: Connects ___ and ___lobes with____.

Internet: from the____ gyrus to the _____cortex in the brain

A

medial

frontal & parietal ; HCF

cingulate; entorhinal

103
Q

Projection Fibers

  • Convey impulses either from___ to____, and vice versa
  • Afferent & efferent fibers conveying impulses b/w____ &____ are arranged as a radiating mass- the corona radiata, that converges toward_____
  • Near the___ part of___ these fibers form a compact band- internal capsule.
A

cortex; distant loci

brain stem; cerebral cortex; brain stem.

upper; brain stem

104
Q

Internal Capsule

  • Composed of ascending & descending nerve fibers that connect____ to___ and ——
  • Flanked medially by___ &____ and laterally by_____ (___ and ___).
A

cerebral cortex

brainstem & spinal cord.

Caudate nucleus ; thalamus

lentiform nucleus; GP & Putamen

105
Q

The internal capsule is rarely involved in vascular disorders of the brain.
T/F

A

F

106
Q

Commonest cause of arterial hemorrhage in the cortex is___ in an artery in patient with___. Usually occurs in ___ age & often involves a rupture of the_____ artery of____artery.

A

arteromatous degeneration; hypertension

hypertension

thin-walled lenticulostriate;middle cerebral

107
Q

Cerebrum has ____ borders and ___ poles

A

3 borders

3 poles

108
Q

Operculated /____ sulcus

A

Lunate

Ana 203 Part B (15 decks)

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