Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

Intellectual Disability (Intellectual Developmental Disorder)

Answer 1

Deficits in general mental abilities:

• reasoning
• problem solving
• planning
• abstract thinking
• judgement
• academic learning
• learning from experience

Deficits result in impairments of adaptive functioning; fails to meet standards of personal independence and social responsibility in one or more aspects of daily life:

• communication
• social participation
• academic & occupational functioning
• personal independence in the community

Global Developmental Delay:

• fails to meet expected milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning
• diagnosis used for those unable to go under standardized testing assessments

Intellectual disability can result from disruption during developmental period (i.e. head injury or trauma)

Question 2

Communication Disorders

Answer 2

Deficits in development and use of language, speech, and social communication

• language disorder
• speech sound disorder
• social (pragmatic) communication disorder

Childhood-onset Fluency Disorder (stuttering)
- disturbances in normal fluency and motor production of speech

Question 3

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 3

Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts:

• social reciprocity
• nonverbal communicative behaviors
• skills in developing, maintaining, and understanding social relationships

Diagnostic Criteria Areas: [current or historical]

(a) social communication/interaction
(b) restricted & repetitive behaviors

Specifiers: [clinical characteristics & descriptions]

• with or without accompanying intellectual impairment
• with or without accompanying structural language impairment
• associated with a known medical/genetic or environmental/acquired condition
• associated with another neurodevelopmental, mental, or behavioral disorder
• with or without loss of established skills
• age of onset/severity of symptoms

Question 4

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Answer 4

(a) Persistent pattern of impairing levels of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
- inability to stay on task
- seeming not to listen
- frequent loss of items
- overactivity & fidgeting
- inability to wait or stay seated
(6 or more symptoms present for at least 6 months)

(b) several symptoms were present prior to age 12
(c) symptoms present in 2 or more settings
(d) clear evidence symptoms impair functioning
(e) symptoms not better explained by another disorder

Question 5

Developmental Coordination Disorder

Answer 5

[A Motor Disorder]
deficits in the acquisition and execution of coordinated motor skills causing interference with daily living
- clumsiness and slowness
- inaccuracy of performance of motor skills

Question 6

Stereotypic Movement Disorder

Answer 6

[A Motor Disorder]
repetitive, seemingly driven, and apparently purposeless motor behaviors which interfere with daily living
- hand flapping
- body rocking
- head banging
- self-biting or hitting

Self-injury from behaviors should be specified in diagnostic description

Question 7

Tic Disorders

Answer 7

Presence of motor or vocal tics: sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalization

• Tourette’s Disorder (diagnosed after 1 year presence)
• Persistent (chronic) Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
• Provisional Tic Disorder

Disorder differentiations diagnosed based off duration, presumed etiology, and clinical presentation