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Final Year > Neurodegenerative diseases > Flashcards

Neurodegenerative diseases Flashcards

1
Q

myelin is provided by ? in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes

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2
Q

Schwann cells

A

peripheral nervous system

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3
Q

what does myelin do?

A

wrap around axons amd help electrical impulses travel faster

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4
Q

optic neuritis?

A

demyelination of optic nerve
unilateral vision reduced

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5
Q

central scotoma?

A

enlarged blind spot

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6
Q

relative afferent pupillary defect

pupil in affected eye does what when light is shone in contralateral eye

A

constricts more

when testing direct pupillary reflex there is a reduced response

so constriction when light shone in left eye (if right eye impacted)

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7
Q

causes of optic neuritis

A

MS
sarcoidosis
SLE
Syphilis
measles /mumps
lyme

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8
Q

how is optic neuritis treated?

A

high dose steroid

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9
Q

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia

right side

A

medial longitudinal fasciculus

connect CN nuclei (3,4,6)

impaired ADDUCTION same side of lesion - RIGHT EYE
nystagmus in OPPOsite eye - LEFT eye

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10
Q

lhermittes sign

A

electric shock sensation
when flexion of neck
demyelinated dorsal column

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11
Q

transverse myelitis

A

spinal cord
sensory and motor on same side

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12
Q

what is sensory ataxia caused by?

A

loss of proprioception

+ Romberg
pseudoathetosis

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13
Q

Diagnosis of MS

A

MRI scan
Lumbar puncture
> oligoclonal bands in CSF

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14
Q

Mx of MS

A

flare up

DMARDS

relapse: pred oral 500mg for 5 days
1g IV for 3-5 days

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15
Q

spasticity

A

baclofen
gabapentin

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16
Q

Oscillopsia

A

objects appear to move when they are actually still

17
Q

Motor neurone disease two types

A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Progressive Bulbar palsy

18
Q

MND consists of

A

both upper motor neurone and lower motor neurone signs

19
Q

UMN

A

Hypertonia
Spasticity
Hyperreflexia
++ babinski reflex

20
Q

what is a babinski reflex?

A

big toe moves UPWARDS when bottom of foot is stroked

Final Year (23 decks)

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