Neuro Flashcards
on a head CT is ischaemic events
1)hypodense
2)hyperdense?
cortical hypodensity shows ischaemia
carotid artery stenosis is imaged?
duplex ultrasound - uses sound waves and combines both below USS technology
Traditional ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create pictures of blood vessels
Doppler ultrasound: Records sound waves reflecting off moving objects, like blood, to measure their speed and flow
management of TIA?
aspirin 300mg immediately except for contraindications
assessment by a stroke specialist in 24hours
clopidogrel 300mg followed by 75mg +aspiririn
followed by clopidogrel monotherapy
myasthenia gravis is associated with?
thymoma
autoimmune disorders - PA
SLE, Rheumatoid
how to investigate Myasthenia gravis?
single fibre electromyography
CT thorax thymoma
CK normal
tensilon test - iV edrophonium
mx of myasthenia gravis?
long acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
pyridostigmine
immunosuppresion can be achieved with prednisolone
azathiopirine
mx of myasthenic crisis?
plasmapheresis
IV immunoglobulins
where does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
occipital cortex ; situated posteriorly to the optic tract
A 67-year-old woman attends the emergency department complaining of a disturbance to her vision. She explains that her symptoms developed suddenly around 20 minutes ago, and adds that she struggles to identify objects on her right side.
PMHx: DM2, HTN
this is a contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing and visual agnosia - characteristic of PCA infarct
Lacunar strokes
isolated hemiparesis, hemisensory loss or hemiparesis with limb ataxia
mononeuritis multiplex
sporadic
non consistent nerve trunks
both sensory
and motor
has a systemic cause
WARDS PLC
wegener’s, amyloidosis, Rheumatoid arthritids, Diabetes, Sarcoid, PAN, leprosy
seizure types
generalised tonic clonic > sodium Valproate
lamotrigine
levetricetam
focal
lamotrigine
myoclonic
M: SV
F: Levetiracetam
tonic / atonic seizure
M: Sodium valproate
F: lamotrigine
when should you start antiepileptic
pt has neurological deficit
brain imaging shows structural abnormality
EEG unequivocal epileptic activity
myasthenia exarcebated by LAB-QT-MG
lithium
abx
betablockers
quinolones
tetracyclines
macrolides
gentamycin
guillain barre sydnrome
peripheral neuropathy
nerves outside fo CNS (the brain and spinal cord)
= LMN signs: hyporeflexia