Neuroanatomy 1 Flashcards
Basic anatomical organisation of the nervous system (2)
Central nervous sytem
Peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system consists of
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system consists of
Peripheral nerves and ganglia
The nervous system is composed of two broad classes of cells called
Neurons and Glia
Two main types of cells in the nervous system
Neurons and Glia
Neurons function
Transmission of information
Glia function
Support for neurons
Outline the general structure of a neuron (4)
Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
Axon terminals
Dendrites 2 features
Receives input
Sends info to cell body
Cell body 2 features
Contains nucleus and organelles
Sums input
Axon 2 features
Carries electrical impulses
May or may not be myelinated
Axon terminal 2 features
End of axon
Neurotransmitter release
The part of a neuron where summation of inputs takes place is called
Axon hillock
The part of a neuron where input of inputs takes place is called
Dendrites and cell body
The part of a neuron where conduction of inputs takes place is called
Axon
The part of a neuron where output of inputs takes place is called
Axon terminal
Neurons 4 morphological types
Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
Anaxonic
Multiple processes emanate from cell body
Multipolar
Two processes emanate from cell body
Bipolar
One process emanates from cell body then branches into dendrite and axon
Unipolar
No distinct axon, all processes look the same
Anaxonic
Main types of glial cells (4)
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes features (3)
Supply nutrients to neurons
Ensheath blood cappilaries
Injury response
Microglia features (2)
Immune cells of central nervous system
Engulf microorganisms and debris
