Lecture 27 - Neuro-endocrine connection - the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 1

What hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?

Answer 1

Thyroid hormone (T3, T4) and calcitonin

Question 2

What is the location of the thyroid gland?

Answer 2

On anterior and lateral surfaces of the trachea, inferior to the larynx

Question 3

What is the structure of the thyroid gland?

Answer 3

Composed of small spherical sacs (follicles) surrounded by follicular cells. Clear/C cells lie in clusters between follicles

Question 4

What is the function of the follicular cells of the thyroid?

Answer 4

Synthesis and storage of thyroid hormones

Question 5

Where is the hormone calcitonin made?

Answer 5

In the Clear/C cells of the thyroid gland.

Question 6

What type of cell are follicular cells?

Answer 6

Epithelial cells

Question 7

What type of hormone are thyroid hormones?

Answer 7

Lipid-soluble hormones

Question 8

How are thyroid hormones T3 and T4 made?

Answer 8

Iodine enters follicular cells and forms complexes with tyrosine from thyroglobulin proteins (TGB) made in the thyroid follicles.

Question 9

What is the structure of T3 hormone?

Answer 9

3 iodine (I) surrounding a tyrosine (Y)

Question 10

What is the structure of a T4 hormone?

Answer 10

4 iodine (I) surrounding a tyrosine (Y)