Bone tissue and its microscopic structure

Question 1

Which kind of tissue is bone tissue made up of?

Answer 1

Connective tissue

Question 2

Bone tissue function

Answer 2

Supports other tissues/organs
Maintains form

Question 3

Bones 2 extracellular components

Answer 3

Organic
Inorganic

Question 4

What is the organic component of the bone structure made up of?

Answer 4

Organic molecules

Question 5

What is the inorganic component of the bone structure made up of?

Answer 5

Minerals

Question 6

Which percentage of the ECM is made up of the organic component

Answer 6

33%

Question 7

What does the organic component contain?

Answer 7

Collagen

Question 8

Allows us to have force come in and gives us flexability

Answer 8

Collagen fibres

Question 9

Importance of organic component

Answer 9

Being flexible and being able to bounce back and not break bones when force is applied

Question 10

Which characteristic do protein molecules have and how does it help us?

Answer 10

Protein molecules are flexible so they allow us to put pressure on the bones without them shattering

Question 11

What would happen if a bones collagen was removed?

Answer 11

The bone would become brittle and break easily

Question 12

Which percentage of the ECM is made up of the inorganic component?

Answer 12

67%

Question 13

What is the function of minerals in the inorganic component in the bone tissue?

Answer 13

Makes bones hard and resistant to compression

Question 14

What would our bones be like if we only had the organic parts of it?

Answer 14

Our bones would not be useful as they would be very bendy and too flexible

Question 15

Which 4 types of cells make up the cellular component of bone?

Answer 15

Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

Question 16

Together, these 4 cells do what?

Answer 16

Maintain bone homeostasis

Question 17

Define bone homeostasis

Answer 17

Balance of bone destruction and formation, that means amount of bone stays the same

Question 18

This bone cell produces osteoblasts

Answer 18

Osteogenic cells

Question 19

This bone cell produces new bone matrix

Answer 19

Osteoblasts

Question 20

This bone cell recycles protein and minerals from matrix

Answer 20

Osteocytes

Question 21

This bone cell removes bone matrix

Answer 21

Osteoclasts

Question 22

What is compact bone composed of?

Answer 22

Osteon structure

Question 23

What is cancellous bone composed of?

Answer 23

Trabecular structure

Question 24

What is the compact bone structure like microscopically?

Answer 24

Made up of circumferential lamallae and units called osteons

Question 25

Why are there foramina/holes in compact bone?

Answer 25

For blood supply

Question 26

Longitudal unit within compact bone

Answer 26

Osteon

Question 27

Provides a pathway for nutrients to get in the ECM

Answer 27

Osteon

Question 28

4 key parts of an osteon

Answer 28

Central canal Lamallae Lacunae Canaliculi

Question 29

Contains blood vessels and nerves

Answer 29

Central canal

Question 30

A series of cylinders formed of ECM around the central canal

Answer 30

Lamallae

Question 31

Lakes for osteocytes

Answer 31

Lacunae

Question 32

Channels for osteocytes through ECM

Answer 32

Canaliculi

Question 33

What is the cancellous bone like microsopically?

Answer 33

Made of branching bone structuree going in all different directions

Question 34

Explain how/why canaliculi can open to let in nutrients

Answer 34

They have a thin, delicate structure so it is easy for them to get nutrients from outside

Question 35

What fills the cavities between the trabeculae in cancellous bone?

Answer 35

Marrow

Question 36

What is the purpose of trabecular bone in cancellous bone?

Answer 36

Organisation of trabculae resists force from multiple directions and directs force from body weight in single direction down shaft

Question 37

Outline weight transmission from upper - lower body

Answer 37

Trabaculae channel weight around the ilia into femora

Question 38

Allows bone to grow - appositional growth

Answer 38

Bone remodelling

Question 39

Osteoblasts role in bone remodelling

Answer 39

Add bone matrix in lamallae to bone surface

Question 40

Osteoclasts role in bone remodelling

Answer 40

Remove bone from medullary cavity

Question 41

Balance of OB and OC activity

Answer 41

Bone homeostasis

Question 42

Purpose of bone homeostasis

Answer 42

Allows body to mobilise calcium, phosphate and other minerals from bone matrix

Question 43

Define remodelling

Answer 43

Osteoblasts building Osteocytes destroying To make sure that the amount of bone stays the same

Question 44

What are the bodies requirements to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 44

Adequate calcium in diet Moderate exercise

Question 45

Without adequate calcium in diet and moderate exercise, this can cause what?

Answer 45

Imbalance in osteoblastic/osteoclastic activity

Question 46

Normal bone compact bone vs osteoporotic bone compact bone

Answer 46

Normal = strong and dense Osteoporotic = thin and weak