Bone growth joints: tissues and structures

Question 1

Cells that make bone tissues

Answer 1

Osteoblasts

Question 2

Cells that break down bone tissues

Answer 2

Osteoclasts

Question 3

Cells that chill and hang out

Answer 3

Osteocytes

Question 4

Turn into bone

Answer 4

Ossify

Question 5

Cartilage into bone

Answer 5

Ossification

Question 6

DFCT

Answer 6

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 7

Key soft tissues

Answer 7

Cartilage
Dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 8

Bones articulate at…

Answer 8

Joints

Question 9

Building bone outwards

Answer 9

Appositional growth

Question 10

Holds bones together
Involves bone ends
Involves soft tissues
Allows control of movement

Answer 10

Joints

Question 11

Job to connect bones together

Answer 11

All connective tissues

Question 12

Found where bones meet and move against each other

Answer 12

Hyaline cartilage

Question 13

Endochondral ossification

Answer 13

Process of turning cartilage into bone

Question 14

Briefly explain the steps of endochondral ossification

Answer 14

1. Blood vessels and osteoblasts external
2. Blood vessels and osteoblasts internal
3. Primary ossification centre developed

Question 15

Primary ossification center

Answer 15

Diaphysis (shaft)

Question 16

Secondary ossification centre

Answer 16

Epiphyses

Question 17

What is bone growth enabled by?

Answer 17

Growth plates

Question 18

End part of long bone

Answer 18

Epiphyses

Question 19

Shaft/central part of long bone

Answer 19

Diaphysis

Question 20

Starting from puberty, what initially happens in bone growth?

Answer 20

Epiphyses start to fuse with diaphysis

Question 21

Once your bones have finished growing, what happens to your growth plates?

Answer 21

They will ossify

Question 22

Are there any growth plates in fully grown bones?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Explain the role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in appositional growth

Answer 23

Osteoblast activity produces circumferential lamallae and osteoclasts mould bone shape and form medullary cavity

Question 24

Hyaline (articular) cartilage function

Answer 24

Resists compression

Question 25

How does the hyaline (articular) cartilage resist compression

Answer 25

By lots of water in the ECM

Question 26

Moulds to surfaces of bones where they articulate

Answer 26

Hyaline cartilage

Question 27

Creates smooth surface = frictionless movement

Answer 27

Hyaline cartilage

Question 28

Fibrocartilage function

Answer 28

Resists compression and tension

Question 29

How come fibrocartilage resists compression AND tension, while hyaline cartilage only resists compression?

Answer 29

More collagen fibres

Question 30

Collagen fibres arranged in bundles along the lines where there is going to be a pull occurs in...

Answer 30

Fibrocartilage

Question 31

Connect bone to bone Restrict movement away from themselves

Answer 31

Ligaments

Question 32

Ligament structure

Answer 32

Collagen and elastin

Question 33

Connect muscle to bone

Answer 33

Tendons

Question 34

Less elastin than ligaments

Answer 34

Tendons

Question 35

Sum of bone surfaces that form an articulation

Answer 35

Bony congruence

Question 36

Less congruence = ?

Answer 36

more soft tissue support needed

Question 37

Fibrous joints structure

Answer 37

Ligament

Question 38

Cartilaginous joints structure

Answer 38

Varies

Question 39

Fibrous joint function

Answer 39

Limit movement Provide stability

Question 40

Cartilaginous joint function

Answer 40

Some movement

Question 41

Fibrous joint example

Answer 41

Cranial sutures

Question 42

Cartilaginous joint example

Answer 42

Pubic symphysis

Question 43

Joint with least amount of movement

Answer 43

Fibrous joints

Question 44

Ligaments hold bone together in what joint

Answer 44

Fibrous

Question 45

Joint with some movement

Answer 45

Cartilaginous joints

Question 46

Fibrocartilage holds bone together in what joint

Answer 46

Cartilaginous joints

Question 47

Joint with the most amount of movement

Answer 47

Synovial joints