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HUBS191 > Lecture 20 - Human movement and sensation > Flashcards

Lecture 20 - Human movement and sensation Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord starts at

A

Foramen magnum (big hole - base of skull)

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2
Q

Spinal cord ends at

A

Inferior border of 1st lumbar vertebra

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3
Q

This is where the spinal cord goes

A

Spinal canal

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4
Q

The spinal cord sits within

A

A sack of meninges

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5
Q

What is the sack of meninges formed by

A

The vertebrae

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6
Q

Non neural structures associated with the spinal cord (3)

A

Cerebrospinal fluid
Conus medularis
Filum terminate

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7
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid function

A

Provides liquid cushion around spinal cord to protect it from injury

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8
Q

Filum terminate function

A

Anchors spinal cord

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9
Q

How many segments does the spinal cord have

A

31

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10
Q

Spinal nerves (5)

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

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11
Q

How are spinal nerves named

A

By the verterba they exit below

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12
Q

What are cauda equina and why are they there?

A

Large collection of spinal nerves that fill the spinal cavity when the spinal cord is no longer in register with the spinal vertebrae

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13
Q

Small indentation

A

Sulcus

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14
Q

Deep sulcus

A

Fisher

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15
Q

What is grey matter made up of

A

Cell bodies

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16
Q

What is white matter made up of

A

Bundles of axons

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17
Q

2 halves of the spinal cord

A

Dorsal
Ventral

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18
Q

Dorsal grey matter

A

Dorsal horn

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19
Q

Ventral grey matter

A

Ventral horn

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20
Q

Lateral grey matter

A

Lateral horn

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21
Q

Dorsal white matter

A

Dorsal columns

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22
Q

Ventral white matter

A

Ventral columns

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23
Q

Lateral white matter

A

Lateral columns

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24
Q

What do nerve roots contain

A

Bundles of axons

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25
Q

Where are nerve roots located?

A

Peripheral nervous system

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26
Q

Collection of cell bodies

A

Ganglia

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27
Q

Info travelling into the spinal cord

A

Sensory (afferent)

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28
Q

Info travelling out of the spinal cord

A

Motor (efferent)

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29
Q

Where are autonomic neurons located

A

Lateral horn

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30
Q

Where are somatic neurons located

A

Ventral horn

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31
Q

Outermost layer of meninges

A

Dura mater

32
Q

Middle layer of meninges

A

Arachnoid

33
Q

Innermost layer of meninges

A

Pia mater

34
Q

Indentations on surface of CNS

A

Sulcus

35
Q

Only layer of meninges that extends down into indented surfaces on brain

A

Pia mater

36
Q

Features of the dura mater (5)

A

Outermost layer of meninges
Tough
2 layers - outer and inner
Venous sinuses
Dural folds

37
Q

Features of the arachnoid (5)

A

Layer beneath duro mater
Layer above pia mater
Does not extend into sulci
Contains blood vessels
Contains 2 special features - subarachnoid space and arachnoid granulations

38
Q

List the order of the layers from which is closest to the brain to the futherest from the brain

A

Pia mater
Arachnoid
Dura matter

39
Q

Features of the pia mater (4)

A

Inner layer of meninges
Transparent and delicate
Blood vessels in arachnoid attatched to pia mater
Adheres to brain and follow gyri and extends into sulci

40
Q

Which is the name for the dural fold that seperates the cerebri from the cerebellum?

A

Tentorum cerbelli

41
Q

Special features of dura mater

A

Dural folds
Dural venous sinus

42
Q

Dural folds function

A

Seperates major divisions of brain
Provides stability

43
Q

3 dural folds

A

Falx cerebri
Falx cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli

44
Q

Which dural fold seperates the cerebrum

A

Falx cerebri

45
Q

Which dural fold seperates the cerebellum

A

Falx cerebelli

46
Q

Dural venous sinus functions (collects 2 things)

A

Collects venous blood from brain
Collects old CSP

47
Q

Special features of arachnoid

A

Subarachnoid space
Arachnoid granulations

48
Q

Subarachnoid space function

A

Filled with CSF which surrounds and protects brain

49
Q

Arachnoid granulations function

A

Transports old CSF from subarachnoid space into venous sinus

50
Q

List the CSP circulation path

A

Starts at lateral ventricles
3rd ventrical cerebral aqueduct
4th ventricle
Subarachnoid space
Exits through arachnoid granulations into venous sinus

51
Q

Describe the pathway that CSF flows through the ventricular system

A

Lateral ventricles - 3rd ventricle - cerebral aqueduct - subarachnoid space

52
Q

How do you differentiate between the anterior and posterior side of the brain from a lateral veiw?

A

The brain is a rough C shape and the open side of the C points to anterior
The posterior side is often more pointy than the anterior side

53
Q

If the cerebellum is present, which side of the brain will it be on?

A

Posterior

54
Q

List the lobes of the cerebrum

A

Occipital
Parietal
Frontal
Temporal

55
Q

Function associated with parietal lobe

A

Somatosensory

56
Q

Function associated with occipital lobe

A

Vision

57
Q

Functions associated with temporal lobe

A

Memory and Hearing

58
Q

Functions associated with frontal lobe

A

Motor control - posterior
Language and personality - anterior

59
Q

Seperates frontal and parietal lobes

A

Central sulcus

60
Q

Seperates parietal and occipital lobes

A

Parieto-occipotal sulcus

61
Q

Seperates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

A

Lateral sulcus

62
Q

Seperates cerebrum from cerebellum

A

Transverse fissure

63
Q

Which 3 things is the brain stem made up of?

A

Mid brain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

64
Q

4 main divisions of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Corpus callosum
Cerebellum

65
Q

On the lateral surface of the cerebrum, the specific structure anterior to the central sulcus, where the primary motor cortex can be found is called?

A

Pre central gyrus

66
Q

Collections of axons that pass from one side of the rain to the other

A

Commissural tracts

67
Q

Example of a commisural tract

A

Corpus callosum

68
Q

Purpose of commissural tracts

A

So the the right and left sides know what they are doing and can coordinate

69
Q

Sending axons away from the cerebral cortex into deeper parts of the brain

A

Projection tracts

70
Q

Example of a projection tract

A

Corticospinal tract

71
Q

Collections of axons that go from one region of cerbral cortex to another region but do not cross to opposite sides

A

Association tracts

72
Q

Purpose of association tracts

A

Where 1 region of the cerebral cortex needs to communicate with another - eg when catching a ball visual system and motor cortex need to communicate so you can move in the appropriate way

73
Q

Most posterior aspect of frontal lobe is concerned with…

A

Motor control

74
Q

Gyrus located directly anteriorly (in front of) central sulcus is…

A

Pre central gyrus

75
Q
A

HUBS191 (32 decks)

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