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HUBS191 > Lecture 20 - Human movement and sensation > Flashcards

Lecture 20 - Human movement and sensation Flashcards

1
Q

Spinal cord starts at

A

Foramen magnum (big hole - base of skull)

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2
Q

Spinal cord ends at

A

Inferior border of 1st lumbar vertebra

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3
Q

This is where the spinal cord goes

A

Spinal canal

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4
Q

The spinal cord sits within

A

A sack of meninges

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5
Q

What is the sack of meninges formed by

A

The vertebrae

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6
Q

Non neural structures associated with the spinal cord (3)

A

Cerebrospinal fluid
Conus medularis
Filum terminate

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7
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid function

A

Provides liquid cushion around spinal cord to protect it from injury

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8
Q

Filum terminate function

A

Anchors spinal cord

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9
Q

How many segments does the spinal cord have

A

31

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10
Q

Spinal nerves (5)

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

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11
Q

How are spinal nerves named

A

By the verterba they exit below

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12
Q

What are cauda equina and why are they there?

A

Large collection of spinal nerves that fill the spinal cavity when the spinal cord is no longer in register with the spinal vertebrae

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13
Q

Small indentation

A

Sulcus

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14
Q

Deep sulcus

A

Fisher

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15
Q

What is grey matter made up of

A

Cell bodies

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16
Q

What is white matter made up of

A

Bundles of axons

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17
Q

2 halves of the spinal cord

A

Dorsal
Ventral

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18
Q

Dorsal grey matter

A

Dorsal horn

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19
Q

Ventral grey matter

A

Ventral horn

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20
Q

Lateral grey matter

A

Lateral horn

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21
Q

Dorsal white matter

A

Dorsal columns

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22
Q

Ventral white matter

A

Ventral columns

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23
Q

Lateral white matter

A

Lateral columns

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24
Q

What do nerve roots contain

A

Bundles of axons

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25
Where are nerve roots located?
Peripheral nervous system
26
Collection of cell bodies
Ganglia
27
Info travelling into the spinal cord
Sensory (afferent)
28
Info travelling out of the spinal cord
Motor (efferent)
29
Where are autonomic neurons located
Lateral horn
30
Where are somatic neurons located
Ventral horn
31
Outermost layer of meninges
Dura mater
32
Middle layer of meninges
Arachnoid
33
Innermost layer of meninges
Pia mater
34
Indentations on surface of CNS
Sulcus
35
Only layer of meninges that extends down into indented surfaces on brain
Pia mater
36
Features of the dura mater (5)
Outermost layer of meninges Tough 2 layers - outer and inner Venous sinuses Dural folds
37
Features of the arachnoid (5)
Layer beneath duro mater Layer above pia mater Does not extend into sulci Contains blood vessels Contains 2 special features - subarachnoid space and arachnoid granulations
38
List the order of the layers from which is closest to the brain to the futherest from the brain
Pia mater Arachnoid Dura matter
39
Features of the pia mater (4)
Inner layer of meninges Transparent and delicate Blood vessels in arachnoid attatched to pia mater Adheres to brain and follow gyri and extends into sulci
40
Which is the name for the dural fold that seperates the cerebri from the cerebellum?
Tentorum cerbelli
41
Special features of dura mater
Dural folds Dural venous sinus
42
Dural folds function
Seperates major divisions of brain Provides stability
43
3 dural folds
Falx cerebri Falx cerebelli Tentorium cerebelli
44
Which dural fold seperates the cerebrum
Falx cerebri
45
Which dural fold seperates the cerebellum
Falx cerebelli
46
Dural venous sinus functions (collects 2 things)
Collects venous blood from brain Collects old CSP
47
Special features of arachnoid
Subarachnoid space Arachnoid granulations
48
Subarachnoid space function
Filled with CSF which surrounds and protects brain
49
Arachnoid granulations function
Transports old CSF from subarachnoid space into venous sinus
50
List the CSP circulation path
Starts at lateral ventricles 3rd ventrical cerebral aqueduct 4th ventricle Subarachnoid space Exits through arachnoid granulations into venous sinus
51
Describe the pathway that CSF flows through the ventricular system
Lateral ventricles - 3rd ventricle - cerebral aqueduct - subarachnoid space
52
How do you differentiate between the anterior and posterior side of the brain from a lateral veiw?
The brain is a rough C shape and the open side of the C points to anterior The posterior side is often more pointy than the anterior side
53
If the cerebellum is present, which side of the brain will it be on?
Posterior
54
List the lobes of the cerebrum
Occipital Parietal Frontal Temporal
55
Function associated with parietal lobe
Somatosensory
56
Function associated with occipital lobe
Vision
57
Functions associated with temporal lobe
Memory and Hearing
58
Functions associated with frontal lobe
Motor control - posterior Language and personality - anterior
59
Seperates frontal and parietal lobes
Central sulcus
60
Seperates parietal and occipital lobes
Parieto-occipotal sulcus
61
Seperates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes
Lateral sulcus
62
Seperates cerebrum from cerebellum
Transverse fissure
63
Which 3 things is the brain stem made up of?
Mid brain Pons Medulla oblongata
64
4 main divisions of the brain
Cerebrum Diencephalon Corpus callosum Cerebellum
65
On the lateral surface of the cerebrum, the specific structure anterior to the central sulcus, where the primary motor cortex can be found is called?
Pre central gyrus
66
Collections of axons that pass from one side of the rain to the other
Commissural tracts
67
Example of a commisural tract
Corpus callosum
68
Purpose of commissural tracts
So the the right and left sides know what they are doing and can coordinate
69
Sending axons away from the cerebral cortex into deeper parts of the brain
Projection tracts
70
Example of a projection tract
Corticospinal tract
71
Collections of axons that go from one region of cerbral cortex to another region but do not cross to opposite sides
Association tracts
72
Purpose of association tracts
Where 1 region of the cerebral cortex needs to communicate with another - eg when catching a ball visual system and motor cortex need to communicate so you can move in the appropriate way
73
Most posterior aspect of frontal lobe is concerned with...
Motor control
74
Gyrus located directly anteriorly (in front of) central sulcus is...
Pre central gyrus
75

HUBS191 (32 decks)

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