Lecture 16 - Cells and organisation of the nervous system

Question 1

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 1

Brain
Spinal cord

Question 2

Which 2 general cell classes are the brain and spinal cord composed of?

Answer 2

Neurons
Glia

Question 3

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Answer 3

Peripheral nerves
Ganglia

Question 4

Which 2 general cell classes are the peripheral nerves and ganglia composed of?

Answer 4

Neurons
Ganglia

Question 5

Cells specialised for transmission of information

Answer 5

Neurons

Question 6

Support for neurons

Answer 6

Glia

Question 7

Which structure of the neuron recieves input and send info to cell body?

Answer 7

Dendrites

Question 8

Which structure of the neuron contains nucleus and organelles and sums input?

Answer 8

Cell body

Question 9

Which structure of the neuron carries electrical impulses and may or may not be myelinated?

Answer 9

Axon

Question 10

In the CNS, a group of cell bodies is referred to as

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

In the CNS, a bundle of axons is referred to as

Answer 11

Tract

Question 12

In the CNS, a group of cell bodies in cerebral cortex or spinal cord is referred to as

Answer 12

Grey matter

Question 13

In the CNS, a bundle of axons in cerebral cortex or spinal cord is referred to as

Answer 13

White matter

Question 14

In the PNS, a group of cell bodies is referred to as

Answer 14

Ganglion

Question 15

In the PNS, a bundle of axons is referred to as

Answer 15

Nerve

Question 16

List the functional component zones of a neuron

Answer 16

Input zone
Summation zone
Conduction zone
Output zone

Question 17

Structures and role of input zone

Answer 17

Dendrites and cell body
Receives chemical signals from other neurons

Question 18

Structures and role of summation zone

Answer 18

Axon hillock
Summation of inputs

Question 19

Structures and role of conduction zone

Answer 19

Axon
Carries electrical signals between brain areas and to effector cells

Question 20

Structures and role of output zone

Answer 20

Axon terminals
Releases chemical signals

Question 21

Where inputs are summated before action potential

Answer 21

Axon hillock

Question 22

4 morphological of neuron

Answer 22

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
Anaxonic

Question 23

Multiple processes emanate from cell body

Answer 23

Multipolar

Question 24

Two processes emanate from cell body

Answer 24

Bipolar

Question 25

One process emanates from cell body and branches into dendrite and axon

Answer 25

Unipolar

Question 26

No distinct axon

Answer 26

Anaxonic

Question 27

5 main types of glial cells

Answer 27

Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells Oligodendrocytes Schwann cells

Question 28

CNS glia cells

Answer 28

Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal cells Oligodendrocytes

Question 29

PNS glia cells

Answer 29

Schwann cells

Question 30

These glia cells in the CNS supply nutrients to neurons, ensheath blood cappilaries and injury repsonse

Answer 30

Astrocytes

Question 31

The glia cells in the CNS are the immune cells of CNS and engulf microorganisms and debris

Answer 31

Microglia

Question 32

These glia cells in the CNS have cilia and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 32

Ependymal cells

Question 33

These glia cells in the CNS support nerves fibres and ensheath them with myelin

Answer 33

Oligodendrocytes

Question 34

These glia cells in the PNS support peripheral nerve fibres, and ensheath them with myelin

Answer 34

Schwann cells

Question 35

What is a myelin sheath and what is it for?

Answer 35

A lipid/fat wrapped around the axon that increases conduction velocity

Question 36

Where does the myelin sheath come from in the CNS?

Answer 36

Oligodendrocytes

Question 37

Where does the myelin sheath come from in the PNS?

Answer 37

Schwann cells

Question 38

Multiple schwann cells in line

Answer 38

Myelin sheath

Question 39

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 39

Gaps between myelin Increases conduction velocity

Question 40

Communications between neurons occur through a junction called a

Answer 40

Synapse

Question 41

Info that goes into the brain

Answer 41

Afferent

Question 42

Response that comes out of the brain

Answer 42

Efferent

Question 43

Sense something in the environment is an example of

Answer 43

Afferent

Question 44

Respond to it with the appropriate action is an example of

Answer 44

Efferent

Question 45

The myelin sheath in the CNS is made by

Answer 45

Oligodendrocytes

Question 46

The part of neurotransmission that is carried out through a chemical signal is called

Answer 46

Synapse

Question 47

Information that travels into the CNS is called

Answer 47

Afferent and asscending

Question 48

The part of a neuron where summation of inputs takes place is called

Answer 48

Axon hillock