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HUBS191 > Lecture 16 - Cells and organisation of the nervous system > Flashcards

Lecture 16 - Cells and organisation of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of?

A

Brain
Spinal cord

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2
Q

Which 2 general cell classes are the brain and spinal cord composed of?

A

Neurons
Glia

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3
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

Peripheral nerves
Ganglia

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4
Q

Which 2 general cell classes are the peripheral nerves and ganglia composed of?

A

Neurons
Ganglia

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5
Q

Cells specialised for transmission of information

A

Neurons

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6
Q

Support for neurons

A

Glia

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7
Q

Which structure of the neuron recieves input and send info to cell body?

A

Dendrites

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8
Q

Which structure of the neuron contains nucleus and organelles and sums input?

A

Cell body

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9
Q

Which structure of the neuron carries electrical impulses and may or may not be myelinated?

A

Axon

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10
Q

In the CNS, a group of cell bodies is referred to as

A

Nucleus

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11
Q

In the CNS, a bundle of axons is referred to as

A

Tract

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12
Q

In the CNS, a group of cell bodies in cerebral cortex or spinal cord is referred to as

A

Grey matter

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13
Q

In the CNS, a bundle of axons in cerebral cortex or spinal cord is referred to as

A

White matter

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14
Q

In the PNS, a group of cell bodies is referred to as

A

Ganglion

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15
Q

In the PNS, a bundle of axons is referred to as

A

Nerve

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16
Q

List the functional component zones of a neuron

A

Input zone
Summation zone
Conduction zone
Output zone

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17
Q

Structures and role of input zone

A

Dendrites and cell body
Receives chemical signals from other neurons

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18
Q

Structures and role of summation zone

A

Axon hillock
Summation of inputs

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19
Q

Structures and role of conduction zone

A

Axon
Carries electrical signals between brain areas and to effector cells

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20
Q

Structures and role of output zone

A

Axon terminals
Releases chemical signals

21
Q

Where inputs are summated before action potential

A

Axon hillock

22
Q

4 morphological of neuron

A

Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
Anaxonic

23
Q

Multiple processes emanate from cell body

A

Multipolar

24
Q

Two processes emanate from cell body

A

Bipolar

25
Q

One process emanates from cell body and branches into dendrite and axon

A

Unipolar

26
Q

No distinct axon

A

Anaxonic

27
Q

5 main types of glial cells

A

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells

28
Q

CNS glia cells

A

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes

29
Q

PNS glia cells

A

Schwann cells

30
Q

These glia cells in the CNS supply nutrients to neurons, ensheath blood cappilaries and injury repsonse

A

Astrocytes

31
Q

The glia cells in the CNS are the immune cells of CNS and engulf microorganisms and debris

A

Microglia

32
Q

These glia cells in the CNS have cilia and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ependymal cells

33
Q

These glia cells in the CNS support nerves fibres and ensheath them with myelin

A

Oligodendrocytes

34
Q

These glia cells in the PNS support peripheral nerve fibres, and ensheath them with myelin

A

Schwann cells

35
Q

What is a myelin sheath and what is it for?

A

A lipid/fat wrapped around the axon that increases conduction velocity

36
Q

Where does the myelin sheath come from in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

37
Q

Where does the myelin sheath come from in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

38
Q

Multiple schwann cells in line

A

Myelin sheath

39
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

Gaps between myelin
Increases conduction velocity

40
Q

Communications between neurons occur through a junction called a

A

Synapse

41
Q

Info that goes into the brain

A

Afferent

42
Q

Response that comes out of the brain

A

Efferent

43
Q

Sense something in the environment is an example of

A

Afferent

44
Q

Respond to it with the appropriate action is an example of

A

Efferent

45
Q

The myelin sheath in the CNS is made by

A

Oligodendrocytes

46
Q

The part of neurotransmission that is carried out through a chemical signal is
called

A

Synapse

47
Q

Information that travels into the CNS is called

A

Afferent and asscending

48
Q

The part of a neuron where summation of inputs takes place is called

A

Axon hillock

HUBS191 (32 decks)

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