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Caroline > NEURO LAB 1 > Flashcards

NEURO LAB 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What structure is this?

A

Pyramidal & pyramidal decussation

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2
Q

What is the function of Pyramidal & pyramidal decussation?

A

The crossing of the corticospinal tract so that the brain controls the opposite side of the body.

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3
Q

Gray matter

A

-unmyelinated axons
-process information, release new information
-control movement, memory, emotions

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4
Q

White matter

A

-myelinated axons
-messages pass between different areas of gray matter within the CNS
-conduct, process, and send nerve signals up and down the spinal cord

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5
Q

What is the function of the Gracile fasciculus

A

main touch pathway: carries sensory information (fine touch, proprioception, and vibration) from the lower body (below T6)

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6
Q

What structure is this?

A

cerebellum

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7
Q

What is the function of then Cuneate fasciculus

A

carries sensory information (fine touch, proprioception, and vibration) from the upper body (above T6)

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8
Q

Identify what spinal region is depicted
Identify the gracile fasciculus, gray matter, and white matter.

A

Cervical

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9
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

coordinates movement

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10
Q

Identify what spinal region is depicted
Identify the gracile fasciculus, gray matter, and white matter.

A

Thoracic

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11
Q

Identify what spinal region is depicted
Identify the gracile fasciculus, gray matter, and white matter.

A

Lumbar

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12
Q

What structure does the spinal cord extend from?

A

medulla oblongata

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13
Q

Identify what spinal region is depicted
Identify the gracile fasciculus, gray matter, and white matter.

A

Sacral

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14
Q

What is the order from smallest to largest of the gray matter in the different spinal cord levels?

A

Thoracic, Cervical, Lumbar, Sacral

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15
Q

Why does the cervical, lumbar, and sacral have the largest amounts of grey matter?

A

They have more motor neuronal cell bodies in their ventral horn in order to innervate the upper and lower limbs.

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16
Q

What is the order from smallest to largest of the white matter in the different spinal cord levels?

A

Sacral, Lumbar, Thoracic, Cervical

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17
Q

What is the function of the spinal cord?

A

pathway for messages sent
by the brain to the body and
from the body to the brain.

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18
Q

What is the order from smallest to largest of the gracile fasciculus in the different spinal cord levels?

A

sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical

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19
Q

What structure is this?

A

uncus

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20
Q

What is the function of the uncus?

A
  • olfactory processing (smell) as it is part of the olfactory cortex.
  • role in memory and emotion through its connections with the amygdala and hippocampus.
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21
Q

gracile nucleus

A

-dorsal column nuclei
-sensation of fine touch and proprioception of the lower body

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22
Q

what structure is this?

A

parahippocampal gyrus

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23
Q

what is the function of the parahippocampal gyrus?

A
  • memory formation- spatial memory (memory of environments and locations).
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24
Q

cuneate nucleus

A

carries infö from the upper body and upper limbs

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25
What is the function of the cervical nerves?
* The cervical nerves control sensory and motor functions
26
Is this the inferior or superior part of the medulla? How do you know?
Inferior medulla - presence of cuneate and gracile nucleus along with the pyramidal decussation
27
Label the identified lobes of the brain
28
What is the main function of the frontal lobe?
*Higher cognitive functions - decision-making, problem-solving, planning Motor control - contains the primary motor cortex (voluntary movement) Social behavior, emotions and personality
29
What is the main function of the parietal lobe?
Sensory integration (touch, pain, temperature), and also spatial and body awareness Helps you interact and navigate the world around you
30
What is the main function of the occipital lobe?
Visual processing and interpretation -color, form and motion
31
What is the main function of the temporal lobe?
Auditory processing (primary auditory cortex), some vestibular, memory
32
what is the function of the Inferior olivary nucleus?
Coordinates signal from the spinal cord to the cerebellum to regulate motor coordination and learning
33
what is the function of the Corticospinal tract?
collection of axons that carry movement-related information from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord; part of the descending spinal tract system that originate from the cortex or brainstem
34
what structure is this?
corticospinal tract (pyramid tract)
35
what is the function of the Middle cerebellar peduncle?
connects the cerebellum to the pons; largest afferent system of the cerebellum; pontocerebellar tract fibers arising from the contralateral pontine nuclei ?
36
what is the function of the 4th ventricle?
protect the human brain from trauma and to help form the central canal; roof and floor; cushioning effect
37
what is the function of the cerebellar peduncles?
main highway for signals that need to be transported to/from the cerebellum to other parts of the central nervous system; motor control, balance, posture
38
what is the function of the cerebral aqueduct?
narrow 15 mm conduit that allows for cerebrospinal uid (CSF) to ow between the third ventricle and fourth ventricle
39
what is the function of the periaqueductal gray matter? Where is it located
modulation and propagation of pain, sympathetic responses; learning and action of defensive and aversive behavior Around cerebral aqueduct
40
what is the function of the inferior colliculus?
sound localization, frequency determination, and integration of auditory with non-auditory systems
41
what is the function of the superior colliculus? Where would you see this
visual, auditory, and somatosensory information are integrated to initiate motor commands to the eyes; receives signals from the retina, orienting reflex Superior midbrain
42
what is the function of the substantia nigra? Where would you find this
production of dopamine (reward); body movements; chemical signaling-affects learning, mood, judgment, decision-making and other processes Midbrain
43
what is the function of the cerebral Peduncles?
Cerebral peduncles - cerebrum to brain stem, have many tracts assist in refining motor movements, learning new motor skills, and converting proprioceptive information into balance and posture maintenance; corticospinal, corticopontine, corticobulbar tracts run through here
44
what strucutre is labelled in red?
middle cerebellar peduncle
45
what structure is in green?
4th ventricle
46
what structure is in blue?
corticospinal tract
47
what structure is in red?
periaqueductal gray matter
48
what structure is in orange?
cerebral aqueduct
49
what structure is in green?
superior colliculus In superior midbrain
50
what structure is in blue?
substantia nigra
51
Where is the post central gyrus located and what is its main function?
In the parietal lobe, contains the primary somatosensory cortex (processing sensory input)
52
Where is the precentral gyrus and what is its main function?
In the frontal lobe, contains the primary motor cortex (controls voluntary movements of the CONTRALATERAL side)
53
The central sulcus is also referred to as the
rolandic fissure
54
What does the central sulcus seperate?
Frontal and parietal lobes AKA the motor and sensory complexes
55
The lateral Sulcus is also referred to as
Sylvian fissure
56
What does the lateral sulcus separate?
the temporal loves from the frontal and parietal lobe
57
What is the main function of the cerebellum?
Coordinates movement! also balance, motor learning
58
What is the function of the Pons?
regulates breathing rhythm with the medulla, regulates sleep-wake cycle communication bridge between cerebrum and cerebellum
59
What is the main function of the medulla?
controls autonomic vitals such as heart rate, BP, and reflexes
60
Mammillary bodies are part of the ____ system and have what major function?
Limbic system links emotions to memories and helps with memory recall
61
The fusiform gyrus is also called the ___ gyrus, and helps with what?
occipital/temporal high level facial recognition, object recognition, letter/word recognition (reading)
62
The inferior olive sends signals to the cerebellum regarding what?
fine-tuning movement - timing, comparing intended with achieved movements
63
Label the identified structures
64
Label the identified structure
Mammillary bodies
65
Label the identified structure
Inferior olive
66
Label the identifies structure
Fusiform gyrus
67
Identify the following 4 landmarks

Caroline (78 decks)

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