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Caroline > LECTURE 4: posture > Flashcards

LECTURE 4: posture Flashcards

1
Q

What is defined as orientation or alignment of the human body

A

posture

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2
Q

where should the COM and LOG be maintained

A

within the base of support

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3
Q

what is defined as process by which upright posture is maintained

A

balance

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4
Q

in standing where is the BOS and COM

A

BOS : heels to toes
COM: S2 level

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5
Q

in sitting where is the BOS and COM

A

BOS: feet boundaries + chair
COM: just below the axilla

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6
Q

postural control requires neuromuscular integration of

A

PNS and CNS

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7
Q

which systems play a role in postural control

A

visual, vestibular , somatosensory , and musculoskeletal system

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8
Q

what are the 2 primary mechanisms to maintain stability

A

anticipatory postural adjustments
compensatory postural adjustments

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9
Q

what adjustment precedes actual movement amd is based on experience and sensory integration

A

APA

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10
Q

what adjustment responds to sensory feedback and strategies to restore balance/ posture control;

A

CPA

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11
Q

what helps regulate APAs

A

vision

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12
Q

what responds to changes in orientation of head and trunk in space

A

vestibular

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13
Q

what gives feedback with regard to surface

A

somatosensory

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14
Q

is static posture always a single point

A

no

postural sway due to gravity and inertia!

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15
Q

how come the head remains so stable even though the upper cervical region being most mobile?

A

abundance of muscle spindles

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16
Q

is sitting or standing a more stable situation

A

sitting bc larger BOS and lower COM
less postural sway

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17
Q

where is the most sway observed

A

in anterior posterior directions

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18
Q

ankle strategy activates muscles in a ____ pattern, whereas hip strategy activates muscles in a ____ pattern

A

ankle - distal to proximal

hip - proximal to distal

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19
Q

does anticipatory postural adjustments happen before or after anticipatory synergy adjustments

A

after

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20
Q

when does APA occur

A

100 ms prior to planned movement

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21
Q

when does anticipatory synergy adjustments occur

A

250-300 ms prior to planned movement

(before postural adjustments)

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22
Q

what are the two distinct patterns of anticipatory synergy adjustments

A

maintain motor output predictive of the intended task
and
to provide muscle activation that allows for movement to occur

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23
Q

what is force produced by ground in stance or during gait

A

ground reaction force

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24
Q

what force occurs at the joints as a result of combines internal and external forces

A

joint reactions force

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25
what represents a sum of all contact pressures in a. single point of applications
center of pressure
26
when LOG passes directly through a joints what moment is created
no moment
27
postural control is used as a predictor for
motor and cognitive development in infants/children and fall risks
28
optimal posture will vary based on someones...
anthropometric measures - height, age, weight, gender
29
in the sagittal view the LOG is
1. anterior to ear or aligned with mastoid process 2. anterior to acromion 3/ thru midline of ilium , bisecting ASIS and PSIS 4. thru GT 5. slightly anterior to femoral condyle (post to patella) 6. anterior to lateral malleoli
30
what are the various ways to measure the orientation of pelvis
pelvic incidence sacral slope pelvic tilt
31
sacral slope
angle created by a line drawn parallel to the to sacral end plate and line from horizontal
32
pelvic incidence
line drawn from hip axis to midpoint of sacral endplate and a line perpendicular to center of sacral endplate
33
pelvic tilt
angle between horizontal and line drawn between PSIS and ASIS
34
in the head where does the LOG pass
just anterior to external auditory meatus anterior to C2
35
eyes are suppose to be angled slightly above what
the ear
36
what quantify the spine angles
Cobb Angles
37
the degrees of spinal curvature at each region is
interdependent
38
ASIS is slightly ____ than PSIS
lower
39
the LOG passes just ___ to the sacrum and ___ to femoral head
anterior posterior
40
the LoG pass just anterior to sacrum and posterior to femoral head which causes a ____ moment at sacrum and a ___ at the hip
flexion (nutation) at sacrum extension at hip
41
the LoG passes anterior to femoral condyle and posterior to patella - this causes what movement at the knee?
knee extension
42
where does the LOG fall in the ankle
anterior to lateral malleouls
43
how is scoliosis names
for the direction of convex its and location
44
what spinal position is associated with vertebral compression fractures
hyperkyphosis
45
what is the reduction of intervertebral disc heights and hypertrophy of facets joints/ capsules/ ligaments
spondylosis
46
what is the fx of the pars interacrticularis
spondylolysis
47
what is it called where there is a superior vertebral body slippage , and the fx separated from body
spondylolisthesis
48
describe forward head posture
craniocervical extension, lower cervical flexion, foward position of shoulder
49
describe two abnormalities of the shoulder girdle
winging and excessive anterior tilt
50
what is swayback posture
increased lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis
51
genu recurvatum
hyperextension of the knee (>=10 deg)
52
what is pets plants
pronated or flat foot p for p
53
what is pes cavus
supinated or high arch
54
what causes barrel chest deformity , shortened inspirations muscles and flattened diaphragm
COPD
55
what changed respiration due to rib cage and muscle mechanics: associated with rib hump
scoliosis
56
what are single axis joints of motion for ribs 1-10
CV and CT joints
57
disc prolapse or protrude are a result of what
lamellae of annulus separating
58
what lift do you have a neural lumbar spine , erector spinae offset large anterior shear force and lower disc pressure and higher compressive forces
squat life
59
if you have a tight psoas major what happened
anterior pelvic tilt with in turn increases compression and anterior shear
60
what does the thoracolumbar fascia help
last, glutes max , obliques , and TA

Caroline (78 decks)

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