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Caroline > LECTURE 4: posture > Flashcards

LECTURE 4: posture Flashcards

1
Q

What is defined as orientation or alignment of the human body

A

posture

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2
Q

where should the COM and LOG be maintained

A

within the base of support

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3
Q

what is defined as process by which upright posture is maintained

A

balance

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4
Q

in standing where is the BOS and COM

A

BOS : heels to toes
COM: S2 level

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5
Q

in sitting where is the BOS and COM

A

BOS: feet boundaries + chair
COM: just below the axilla

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6
Q

postural control requires neuromuscular integration of

A

PNS and CNS

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7
Q

which systems play a role in postural control

A

visual, vestibular , somatosensory , and musculoskeletal system

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8
Q

what are the 2 primary mechanisms to maintain stability

A

anticipatory postural adjustments
compensatory postural adjustments

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9
Q

what adjustment precedes actual movement amd is based on experience and sensory integration

A

APA

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10
Q

what adjustment responds to sensory feedback and strategies to restore balance/ posture control;

A

CPA

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11
Q

what helps regulate APAs

A

vision

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12
Q

what responds to changes in orientation of head and trunk in space

A

vestibular

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13
Q

what gives feedback with regard to surface

A

somatosensory

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14
Q

is static posture always a single point

A

no

postural sway due to gravity and inertia!

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15
Q

how come the head remains so stable even though the upper cervical region being most mobile?

A

abundance of muscle spindles

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16
Q

is sitting or standing a more stable situation

A

sitting bc larger BOS and lower COM
less postural sway

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17
Q

where is the most sway observed

A

in anterior posterior directions

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18
Q

ankle strategy activates muscles in a ____ pattern, whereas hip strategy activates muscles in a ____ pattern

A

ankle - distal to proximal

hip - proximal to distal

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19
Q

does anticipatory postural adjustments happen before or after anticipatory synergy adjustments

A

after

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20
Q

when does APA occur

A

100 ms prior to planned movement

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21
Q

when does anticipatory synergy adjustments occur

A

250-300 ms prior to planned movement

(before postural adjustments)

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22
Q

what are the two distinct patterns of anticipatory synergy adjustments

A

maintain motor output predictive of the intended task
and
to provide muscle activation that allows for movement to occur

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23
Q

what is force produced by ground in stance or during gait

A

ground reaction force

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24
Q

what force occurs at the joints as a result of combines internal and external forces

A

joint reactions force

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25
Q

what represents a sum of all contact pressures in a. single point of applications

A

center of pressure

26
Q

when LOG passes directly through a joints what moment is created

A

no moment

27
Q

postural control is used as a predictor for

A

motor and cognitive development in infants/children

and fall risks

28
Q

optimal posture will vary based on someones…

A

anthropometric measures - height, age, weight, gender

29
Q

in the sagittal view the LOG is

A
  1. anterior to ear or aligned with mastoid process
  2. anterior to acromion
    3/ thru midline of ilium , bisecting ASIS and PSIS
  3. thru GT
  4. slightly anterior to femoral condyle (post to patella)
  5. anterior to lateral malleoli
30
Q

what are the various ways to measure the orientation of pelvis

A

pelvic incidence
sacral slope
pelvic tilt

31
Q

sacral slope

A

angle created by a line drawn parallel to the to sacral end plate and line from horizontal

32
Q

pelvic incidence

A

line drawn from hip axis to midpoint of sacral endplate and a line perpendicular to center of sacral endplate

33
Q

pelvic tilt

A

angle between horizontal and line drawn between PSIS and ASIS

34
Q

in the head where does the LOG pass

A

just anterior to external auditory meatus
anterior to C2

35
Q

eyes are suppose to be angled slightly above what

A

the ear

36
Q

what quantify the spine angles

A

Cobb Angles

37
Q

the degrees of spinal curvature at each region is

A

interdependent

38
Q

ASIS is slightly ____ than PSIS

A

lower

39
Q

the LOG passes just ___ to the sacrum and ___ to femoral head

A

anterior
posterior

40
Q

the LoG pass just anterior to sacrum and posterior to femoral head which causes a ____ moment at sacrum and a ___ at the hip

A

flexion (nutation) at sacrum

extension at hip

41
Q

the LoG passes anterior to femoral condyle and posterior to patella - this causes what movement at the knee?

A

knee extension

42
Q

where does the LOG fall in the ankle

A

anterior to lateral malleouls

43
Q

how is scoliosis names

A

for the direction of convex its and location

44
Q

what spinal position is associated with vertebral compression fractures

A

hyperkyphosis

45
Q

what is the reduction of intervertebral disc heights and hypertrophy of facets joints/ capsules/ ligaments

A

spondylosis

46
Q

what is the fx of the pars interacrticularis

A

spondylolysis

47
Q

what is it called where there is a superior vertebral body slippage , and the fx separated from body

A

spondylolisthesis

48
Q

describe forward head posture

A

craniocervical extension, lower cervical flexion, foward position of shoulder

49
Q

describe two abnormalities of the shoulder girdle

A

winging and excessive anterior tilt

50
Q

what is swayback posture

A

increased lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis

51
Q

genu recurvatum

A

hyperextension of the knee (>=10 deg)

52
Q

what is pets plants

A

pronated or flat foot
p for p

53
Q

what is pes cavus

A

supinated or high arch

54
Q

what causes barrel chest deformity , shortened inspirations muscles and flattened diaphragm

A

COPD

55
Q

what changed respiration due to rib cage and muscle mechanics: associated with rib hump

A

scoliosis

56
Q

what are single axis joints of motion for ribs 1-10

A

CV and CT joints

57
Q

disc prolapse or protrude are a result of what

A

lamellae of annulus separating

58
Q

what lift do you have a neural lumbar spine , erector spinae offset large anterior shear force and lower disc pressure and higher compressive forces

A

squat life

59
Q

if you have a tight psoas major what happened

A

anterior pelvic tilt with in turn increases compression and anterior shear

60
Q

what does the thoracolumbar fascia help

A

last, glutes max , obliques , and TA

Caroline (20 decks)

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