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Pharmacology Shelf > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Name the classes of drugs and how they function to treat glaucoma

A
  1. alpha agonists - dec aqueous humor synthesis
  2. beta blockers - dec aqueous humor synthesis
  3. acetazolamide - dec aqueous humor synthesis
  4. cholinomimetics - inc outflow - contraction of ciliary muscle opening trabecular network
  5. PGF2a - latonoprost - inc aq humor
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2
Q

What drug do you use in emergencies for glaucoma

A

pilocarpine - direct cholinmimetic

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3
Q

What are the other cholinmimetics for glaucoma

A

direct - pilocarpine, carbachol

indirect - physostigmine, echothiophate

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4
Q

What are the two alpha agonist drugs for glaucoma

A

epinephrine, brimonidine

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5
Q

What are the three beta blockers used for glaucoma

A

timolol
betaxolol,
carteolol

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6
Q

When cant you use an alpha agonist for glaucoma

A

closed angle - causes mydriasis

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7
Q

What glaucoma drug can cause iris darkening

A

latanoprost

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8
Q

MOA of opioids?

A

open K+ and ca2+ channels - block synaptic transmission of ach, epi, 5HT, glutamate, substance P

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9
Q

Which opioids are used for diarrhea

A

loperamide, diphenoxylate

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10
Q

What is the maintenance regimen for heroin addicts

A

methadone + naloxone + buprenorphine

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11
Q

MOA of butorphanol, use?

A

k agonist, partial mu agonist

used for severe pain - causes less resp depression

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12
Q

s/e of butorphanol

A

can cause opioid withdrawal syndrome with other opioids - competition for receptors

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13
Q

MOA and use of tramadol

A

weak opioid agonist, inhibits 5HT, NE uptake

use for chronic pain

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14
Q

s/e of tramadol

A

similar to opioids also dec seizure threshold and can cause serotonin syndrome

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15
Q

What is the first line treatment for absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

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16
Q

what is the first line treatment acutely for status epilepticus

A

benzos - diazepam and lorazepam

17
Q

what is the first line treatment for prophylaxis of status epilepticus

A

phenytoin

18
Q

what are three first line treatments for tonic clonic seizure

A
  1. phenytoin
  2. carbamazepine
  3. valproic acid
19
Q

what drug is the first line treatment for complex seizures

A

carbamazepine

20
Q

what drug is the first line treatment for simplex seizures

A

carbamazepine

21
Q

carbamazepine is the first line treatment for what seizures

A

simple
complex
tonic clonic

22
Q

What drug is first line in neonates

A

phenobarbital

23
Q

How would you treat eclampsia seizures

A

MgSO4 or benzos

24
Q

What would you treat trigem neuralgia with

A

carbamazepine

25
Q

Which seizure drugs can cause SJS

A
  1. Ethosuximide
  2. phenytoin
  3. carbamazepine
  4. lamotrigine
26
Q

What seizure drugs are contraindicated in pregnancy? why?

A
  1. valproic acid - can cause NT defects
  2. carbamazepine - teratogen
  3. phenytoin - fetal hydantoin syndrome
27
Q

What is another major s/e of valproic acid - what do you need to do while taking this drug

A

rare but fatal hepatotoxicity - measure LFTs

28
Q

MOA of ethosuximide

A

blocks thalamic T ca2 channels

29
Q

MOA of benzos

A

inc GAA

30
Q

Phenytoin MOA

A

inc na channel activation

31
Q

what other drug inc Na+ activation

A

besides phenytoin - carbamazepine and valproic acid

32
Q

What seizure drug is also used for migraine prevention

A

topiramate

33
Q

What seizure drug is also used for bipolar disorder

A

valproic acid, carbamazapine

34
Q

if you dont know the MOA of the other seizure drugs what should you smartly guess

A

inc GABA

35
Q

which drugs should you not use for generalized/ myoclonic seizures

A

narrow spectrum drugs: carbamazepine, barbs, phenytoin, gabapentin

36
Q

which drugs should you not use for generalized/ myoclonic seizures

A

narrow spectrum drugs: carbamazepine, barbs, phenytoin, gabapentin

37
Q

what seizures are valproate especially good for

A

combined tonic clonic and absence

myoclonic

38
Q

s/e of phenytoin

A
  • ataxia and nystagmus
  • gingival hyperplasia, hirsuitism
  • megalobalstic anemia
  • induces P450
  • fetal hydantoin syndrome

Pharmacology Shelf (17 decks)

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