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Drug Uses > NEURO > Flashcards

NEURO Flashcards

0
Q

Alzheimer’s

(4)?

  • ** THINK: You have to leave MEMOS when you have Alzheimer’s. ***
  • ** THINK: I’m DONE with the puzzle, I’m going to the GALA, I’m going to be a DIVA regardless of my STIGMA.***
A 
- Memantine (NMDA receptor antagonist.  Prevents excitotoxicity mediated by Ca.)
(Achase inhibitor. ↑Ach.)
- Donepezil
- Galantamine
- Rivastigmine
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1
Q

Acute Migraine + Cluster Headache Attacks

Mech, Effects (3)?

A

Sumatriptan
(Can also give Inhaled Oxygen)

MECH = 5-HT agonist.

  • Inhibits Trigeminal nerve (CN 5) activation
  • Inhibits release of vasoactive peptide
  • Vasoconstriction
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2
Q

Anaesthesia

(3 categories of Anesthetics, incl 5 IV)?

A
  • Inhaled (-ane + NO)
  • IV:
    • Barbitruates (ie Thiopental):↓cerebral bl flow
    • Benzos (ie Midazolam)
    • Ketamine (PCP analog that blocks NMDA receptors.
      CV stimulant.):↑cerebral bl flow
    • Opiates (ie Morphine, Fentanyl)
    • Propofol
  • Local (-caine: Amides + Esters) ** Amides have 2 Is in names **
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3
Q

Anaesthesia: induction and short surgical procedures

(2)?

A
  • Profolol (Potentiates GABA. Less postop nausea.)
  • Thiopental (High lipid solubility = high potency = rapid entry into brain. Effect terminated by rapid distribution into tis.)
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4
Q

Inhaled Anesthetics (-ane + NO)

Effects (3)?

A
  • ↑cerebral blood flow (therefore↓cerebral metabolic demand)
  • Myocardial & Resp depression
  • Nausea / Emesis
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5
Q

Local Anaesthesia (-caine: Amides + Esters)

Mech, General Uses (2), Admin Indications (2)?

A

MECH = Na Channel BLOCKERS. Preferentially bind to ACTIVATED Na Channels, therefore most effective in rapidly-firing neurons

  • Minor surgical procedures
  • Spinal anaesthesia
  • (Except for Cocaine) Give with Vasoconstrictor (ie Epinephrine) to
    enhance local action:↑anaesthesia (↓systemic conc) & ↓bleeding.
  • If allergic to Esters, give Amides.
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6
Q

Bedwetting (Sleep Enuresis)

A

Desmopressin Acetate (DDAVP): mimics ADH

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7
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

Gabapentin

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8
Q

Chronic Pain #1

First Line Drug, Mech (5)?

A

Amitriptyline (TCA)

  • Strongly Anticholinergic
  • Blocks a1
  • Blocks Catecholamine reuptake
  • Anti-Histamine
  • Slows AV nodal conduction
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8
Q

Chronic Pain #2

Patient with shooting / stabbing pain

Drug & Mech?

A

Carbamazepine. ** “Drive by shootings happen out of cars.” **

Blocks Na channels

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9
Q

Chronic Pain #3

Patient with heart problems

A

Gabapentin

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10
Q

Chronic Pain #4

Severe pain

Mech

A

aa

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11
Q

Chronic Pain #5

Mech (2)?

A

Tramadol

  • WEAK opioid agonist
  • Inhibitor of Serotonin & NE reuptake

** LESS resp depression than full agonist **

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12
Q

CV Stimulant

A

Ketamine

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13
Q

Class 1B Antiarrhythmic

A

Phenytoin

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15
Q

Cough Suppression

A

Dextromethorphan

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16
Q

Detoxification (esp from alcohol)

A

Benzos

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17
Q

Diarrhea

(2)?

A
  • Diphenoxylate

- Loperamide

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18
Q

Endoscopy (2)

A

Inhaled Anaesthetics + Benzos (Midazolam)

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19
Q

Essential / Familial Tremors

A

b-blocker (ie Propanolol)

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20
Q

Glaucoma #1

General Mech of Drugs (3 Subtypes)?

A

↓AQ HUMOR!!!
- ↓aq humor synthesis (thr vasoconstriction)
- ↓aq humor secretion (thr inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by
↓HCO3)
- ↑aq humor outflow (thr contraction of ciliary muscle &
opening of trabecular network)

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21
Q

Glaucoma #2

Drug Classes in each Mech Category (1, 2, 2)?

A
  • ↓aq humor synthesis: a-agonists
  • ↓aq humor secretion: b-blockers + Acetazolamide
  • ↑aq humor outflow: Cholinomimetics + Latanoprost
22
Q

Glaucoma #3

a-agonists (2)?

A
  • Epinephrine

- Brimonidine

23
Q

Glaucoma #4

b-blockers (3)?

A
  • Timolol
  • Betaxolol
  • Carteolol
24
Q

Glaucoma #5

Cholinomimetics (2 Direct, 2 Indirect)?

A
  • Direct
    - Carbachol
    - Pilocarpine: ** use in emergencies **
  • Indirect
    - Physostigmine
    - Ecothiophate
25
Q

Huntington’s

General Mech of drugs (2 Subtypes, 2 drugs in 1st subtype)?

(Huntington’s = ↑Dopamine,↓Ach + GABA)

A
  • Amine-Depleting: Reserpine + Tetrabenazine
    (inhibit VMAT => inhibit dopamine packaging + release)
  • Dopamine receptor Antagonist: Haloperidol
26
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia + Neuroleptic Malignant Sx

A

Dantrolene

27
Q

Mechanical Ventilation

A

Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs:
Depolarizing (Succinylcholine) + Nondepolarizing (Tubocurarine, -curium, -curonium)

(Selective for motor nicotinic receptors)

28
Q

Migraines

Prophlaxis (2), Abortive Therapy?

A
  • Prophylaxis -> Propanolol, Topiramate

- Abortive -> -triptans

29
Q

Muscle Paralysis in Surgery

A

Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs: Depolarizing + Nondepolarizing

30
Q

MS (3)

A
  • Baclofen (GABA receptor agonist = GABA-ergic effects)
  • b-Interferon
  • Natalizumab
31
Q

Opiate effect + block of Catecholamine reuptake,
GI pain, Gallstones (doesn’t mess with CCK),
Abused by physicians (no pinpoint pupils)?

A

Meperidine

32
Q

Parkinson’s #1

General Mech of drugs (2 Subtypes, 3 Categories in 1st subtype)?

A
  • Dopamine “Increasers”
    - ↑Dopamine
    - Dopamine Agonists
    - ↓Dopamine b/d
  • Cholinergic “Curbers” (curb excess cholinergic activity)
33
Q

Parkinson’s #2

Dopamine Agonists (1 ergot + 2 non-ergots)?

A
  • Ergot: Bromocriptine

- Non-Ergot (preferred): Pramipexole + Ropinirole

34
Q

Parkinson’s #3

Dopamine “Increasers” (2)?

A
  • Amantadine

- L-dopa (converted to dopamine in CNS) + Carbidopa

35
Q

Parkinson’s #4?

Dopamine B/D “Reducers” (2 Classes, 2 drugs in 2nd class)?

A
  • Selective MAO Type B Inhibitor: Selegiline
  • COMT Inhibitors (-capone) (prevent L-dopa degradation):
    Entacapone + Tolcapone
36
Q

Parkinson’s #5

Cholinergic “Curbers”

A

Benztropine

Improves rigidity + tremor but little effect on bradykinesia

37
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

A

Gabapentin

38
Q

Seizures #1: Partial Seizures

1st Line?

A

Carbamazepine

39
Q

Seizures #2: Generalized Seizures

  • “The General goes to the VA to live.” *

1st, 2nd, 3rd Lines?

A
  • 1st line = Valproic Acid
  • 2nd line = Topiramate
  • 3rd line = Lamotrigine
40
Q

Seizures #3: Tonic-Clonic Seizures

1st Line (3)?

A
  • Phenytoin
  • Carbamazepine
  • Valproic Acid
41
Q

Seizures #4: Absence Seizures

1st, 2nd Lines (2)?

A
  • 1st line = Ethosuximide

- 2nd lines = Lamotrigine + Valproic Acid

42
Q

Seizures #5: Status Epilepticus

1st Line for Acute, 1st Line for Prophylaxis?

A
  • 1st line for acute = Benzos (Diazepam + Lorazepam)

- 1st line for prophylaxis = Phenytoin

43
Q

Seizures #6

1st Line in children?

A

Phenobarbital

44
Q

Seizures #7: Seizures of Eclampsia

1st Line, 2nd Line?

A
  • 1st line = MgSO4

- 2nd line = Benzos

45
Q

Seizures #8: Myoclonic Seizures

A

Valproic Acid

46
Q

Seizures #9

General Mech of Drugs (3)?

A
  • Na channel inactivation / blockage
  • Ca channel inhib / blockage
  • ↑GABA (GABA analog,↑GABA conc / action,
    inhib GABA transaminase, inhib GABA reuptake)
47
Q

Seizures #10

Na Channel “Inactivators / Blockers” (5)

A
  • Phenytoin
  • Carbamazepine
  • Lamotrigine
  • Topiramate
  • Valproic Acid
48
Q

Seizures #11

GABA “Increasers” (7: 5 + 2)

(↑GABA conc / action OR↓GABA breakdown / reuptake)

A
  • Gabapentin (GABA analog)
  • Topiramate
  • Phenobarbital
  • Valproic Acid
  • Benzos
  • Tigabine
  • Vigabatrin
49
Q

Sleepwalking + Night Terrors

A

Benzos

50
Q

Spasticity

A

Benzos

51
Q

ISCHEMIC Stroke

Indications (2)?

A

tPA

INDICATIONS:

  • If NO hem
  • If within 3 - 4.5 hrs of onset
52
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia

1st Line?

A

Carbamazepine

Drug Uses (18 decks)

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