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Drug Uses > MICRO > Flashcards

MICRO Flashcards

1
Q

Simple UTI

A

Triple Sulfas or TMP-SMX

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2
Q

Chlamydiae (2)

A
    • Azithromycin

- Doxycycline

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3
Q

PID

A

Best initial therapy

2nd Gen Cephalosporin (Cefoxitin or Cefotetan) + Doxycycline

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4
Q

Otitis Media

A

Amoxicillin

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5
Q

Syphilis (2)

A
    • Penicillin G

- Doxycycline (if allergic to Penicillin)

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6
Q

Community-Acquired Pneumonia

(3: Outpatient, Inpatient, ICU)?

A
  • Outpatient -> Ceftriaxone + Macrolide
  • Inpatient -> Fluoroquinolone
  • ICU -> b-Lactam + Azythromycin OR Fluoroquinolone

Overall best therapy = Fluoroquinolones

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7
Q

Atypical Pneumonias (Chlamydia, Legionella, Mycoplasma)

A

Macrolides

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8
Q

Anaerobic infections in Aspiration Pneumonia / Lung Abscesses

A

Clindamycin

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9
Q

Bowel Surgery

A

Neomycin

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9
Q

Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia

A

TMP / SMX

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10
Q

Minor MRSA Infections of Skin (4)

A
  • TMP / SMX
  • Clindamycin
  • Doxycycline
  • Linezolid
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11
Q

Lyme Disease

A

Tetracyclines

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13
Q

CHRONIC Lyme Disease

ie Brain + Heart involvement

A

Ceftriaxone

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14
Q

Actinomyces infection

A

Penicillin

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15
Q

M Tuberculosis

Prophylaxis, Treatment (4: “RIPE”)?

A

P = Isoniazid

T:

  • Rifampin
  • Isoniazid
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Ethambutol
  • Pyra
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15
Q

M avium intracellulare

Prophylaxis (2), Treatment (2)?

A

P:

  • Macrolide (Azithro- or Clarithromycin)
  • Cipro or Rifabutin

T: More drug-resistant than M tuberculosis

  • Macrolide (Azithro- or Clarithromycin)
  • Ethambutol
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16
Q

M leprae- TUBERCULOID form

Treatment (2)?

A

T: Long-term

  • Dapsone
  • Rifampin
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17
Q

M leprae- LEPROMATOUS form

Treatment (Tuberculoid RX + 1)?

A

Tuberculoid RX + Clofazimine

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18
Q

Rickettsial / Vector-borne Dz

ie Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Typhus, Anaplasmosis / Ehrlichiosis, Q fever

A

Doxycycline

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19
Q

Bacterial Meningitis (3 options)

A
  • Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin Empiric RX = Best initial
  • Ampicillin (if Listeria)
  • Chloramphenicol
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20
Q

ANTIBACTERIAL PROPHYLAXIS

Prevention of…

  • Endocarditis with dental / surgical procedures -> ?
  • Strep Throat in child with prior Rheumatic Fever -> ?
  • Syphilis -> ?
  • Group B Strep infection in pregnant woman -> ?
  • Post-Op infection with S aureus -> ?
  • Gonorrhea -> ?
  • Recurrent UTIs -> ?
  • Meningococcal infection -> (Adult vs Child)?
  • Chlamydial / Gonococcal Conjunctivitis in newborn -> ?
A
  • Penicillin
  • Penicillin (Oral)
  • Benzathine Penicillin G
  • Ampicillin
  • Cefazolin
  • Ceftriaxone
  • TMP-SMX
  • Ciprofloxacin (Adult) / Rifampin (Child)
  • Erythromycin ointment
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21
Q

PROPHYLAXIS for CONTACTS of children with H influenzae B

A

Rifamycins (Rifampin + Rifabutin)

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22
Q

‘Triple Therapy’ against H Pylori

A
  • Amoxicillin or Tetracycline
  • Bismuth
  • Metronidazole
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23
Q

Penicillin + Aminopenicillins

Uses (3)?

A

USES: Best initial therapy

  • Otitis Media
  • Dental infection / Endocarditis prophylaxis
  • UTI (pregnant women)
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24
Q

Penicillin (G, VK, Benzathine)

Bacteria Covered (2 Groups)?

A
  • Strep: S pyogenes + S viridans

- Spirochetes: Borrelia (Lyme) + Leptospira + Treponema (Syphilis)

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25
Q

Aminopenicillins (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin)

Bacteria Covered (2), Indication?

A
  • (same bacteria as Penicillin)
  • E coli

INDICATION:
- Combine with b-lactamase Inhibitor

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26
Q

Amoxicillin

Bacteria Covered (5: “HELPS”)?

A
  • H influenzae
  • E coli
  • Listeria
  • Proteus
  • Salmonella
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27
Q

Antipseudomonals (-cillin)

Bacteria Covered (3), Uses (5), Indication?

A
  • E coli
  • Proteus
  • Pseudomonas

USES: Best initial therapy

  • Bacteremia
  • Neutropenia + Fever
  • Pneumonia (Hospital + Ventilator)
  • Pyelonephritis
  • Ascending Cholangitis + Cholecystitis

INDICATION:
- Combine with b-lactamase Inhibitor

28
Q

Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins (Nafcillin + -xacillins)

Bacteria Covered, Uses (6)?

A
  • Staph

USES: 6 Staph path:

  • Staph Bacteremia
  • Skin infections
  • Meningitis
  • Endocarditis
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Septic Arthritis
29
Q

b-Lactamase Inhibitors

Bacteria Covered (2 Groups), Indication, Mech,
Drugs in Class (3),
Use?

A
  • b-lactamase-sensitive Staph
  • Anaerobes

INDICATION:
- Coadmin with b-lactamase / penicillinase-sensitive penicillins

MECH = Protect antibiotic from destruction by b-lactamase.

DRUGS:

  • Clavulanic Acid
  • Sulbactam
  • Tazobactam

USE: Best initial therapy
- Abscesses (mouth + GI)

29
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporins (incl Cefprozil + Loracarbef)

A

Resp infections (ie Otitis Media, Sinusitis, Bronchitis)

30
Q

Ceftriaxone

Bacteria Covered, Uses (4), CI?

A
  • Pneumococcus 1st line

USES:

  • Lyme Dz (involving Brain or Heart)
  • Meningitis
  • Pneumonia (Community)
  • Gonorrhea

CI:
- Neonates (due to impaired biliary metab. Use Cefotaxime)

32
Q

Cefotaxime

Uses (2)?

A

USES:

  • Neonates
  • Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
33
Q

Carbapenems

Bacteria Covered (2 LARGE Groups), Uses?

A
  • Gram+ cocci (Staph + Strep)
  • Gram- bacilli

USES:
- Neutropenia + Fever

34
Q

Aminoglycosides

Indication?

A

INDICATION:

- Must monitor peak and trough to see what levels of drug are doing in body

34
Q

Neomycin

A

Bowel Surgery

35
Q

Trimethoprim (TMP)

(3)?

A
  • UTIs (TMP-SMX)
  • Salmonella + Shigella infections
  • Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia
36
Q

Demeclocycline (a Tetracycline)

A

SIADH (ADH Antagonist = Diuretic)

37
Q

Fluoroquinolones (3)

Indication?

Acidic drugs

A
  • Gram- bacilli of GI + urinary tracts (incl pseudomonas)
  • Diverticulitis
  • Neisseria infections

INDICATION:
- For GI / Diverticulitis: EXCEPT Moxifloxacin, all must be combined with Metronidazole (b/c don’t cover anaerobes)

38
Q

Metronidazole

(6 Organisms: “GET GAP”)?

A
  • Giardia
  • Entamoeba
  • Trichomonas
  • Gardnerella vaginalis
  • Anaerobes (anaerobic infections BELOW diaphragm)
  • H Pylori
39
Q

Macrolides (-thromycin)

(5)?

A
  • Atypical Pneumonia (Chlamydia, Legionella, Mycoplasma)
  • URIs
  • STDs
  • Strep infections in patients allergic to Penicillin
  • Neisseria infections
40
Q

Chloramphenicol

Indication?

A

Meningitis

INDICATION: Conservative use owing to toxicities

41
Q

Linezolid

Uses (2), Tox?

A

USES:

  • MRSA infection
  • VRE infection

TOX:
- Serotonin Sx

42
Q

Amphotericin B

Uses (2), Indications?

A

USES:

  • Serious systemic mycoses (Aspergillus, Blastomyces, Candida, Coccidioides, Cryptococcus, Histoplasma, Mucor)
  • Cryptococcal + Fungal Meningitis

INDICATIONS:
- K + Mg supplementation (due to altered renal tubule permeability)

43
Q

Systemic Mycoses (3)

A
  • Amphotericin B
  • Flucytosine (in combo with Amphotericin B)
  • -azoles (for local infections)
44
Q

Cryptococcal Meningitis (2)

A
  • Amphotericin B

- Fluconazole (CM in AIDS patients because can cross BBB)

45
Q

Fungal Meningitis

A

Amphotericin B

46
Q

Candida infections (5)

A
  • Topical -azole (Vaginal)
  • Fluconazole or Caspofungin (Oral or Esophageal)
  • Nystatin (Oral + Vaginal)
  • Amphotericin B
  • Caspofungin + Micafungin (Systemic)
47
Q

Histoplasma infections

A

Itraconazole

48
Q

Mucormycosis (Mucor / Rhizopus infection)

A

Amphotericin B

49
Q

Aspergillus infections

A

Caspo- + Micafungin

50
Q

Topical Fungal infections

A

Clotrimazole + Miconazole

51
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses / Tineas (2)

A
  • Topical Miconazole

- Selenium Sulfide (“Selsun”)

52
Q

Toxoplasmosis (2)

A

Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine

53
Q

African Sleeping Sickness (2)

A
  • Suramin (for bl-borne dz)
  • Melarsoprol (for CNS penetration)

** THINK: “It SURE is nice to sleep with MELAtonin”. **

54
Q

Dermatophytoses
(Dermatophytes = Ringworm and Tinea)

(2)?

A
  • Griseofulvin (esp superficial infections)
  • Terbinafine (esp onychomycosis)

Both lipid-soluble = can cross BBB

55
Q

Malaria

EMPIRIC RX, 2 other options?

A

Chloroquine (blocks Plasmodium heme polymerase).

(If resistant)

  • Mefloquine
  • Alovaquone / Proguanil
56
Q

Life-Threatening Malaria

Precaution?

A

Quinidine (IV)

** Test for G6PD Def **

57
Q

P vivax/ovale Malaria

Precaution?

A

(Standard Regimen) + Primaquine

** Test for G6PD Def **

59
Q

Babesiosis (2)

A

Atovaquone + Azithromycin

60
Q

Nematode / Roundworm Infections (4 General RX)

A
  • Bendazoles
  • Pyrantel Pamoate
  • Ivermectin
  • Diethylcarbamazine (Loa Loa + Wuchereria ONLY)
61
Q

Cestode / Tapeworm + Trematode / Fluke Infections

A

Praziquantel

Albendazole for Neurocysticercosis + Hyatid Casts in liver ONLY

62
Q

Influenza A + B

A

Zana- + Oseltamivir (only if within 48 hrs of symptom onset)

63
Q

RSV infection

Prophylaxis, Treatment?

A

P = Palivizumab (ie P for high-risk infants)

T = Ribavirin

64
Q

Herpes Zoster infection

A

Famciclovir

65
Q

HIV PROPHYLAXIS

(2, depending on CD4 count)?

A
  • CD4
66
Q

CMV infection

A

Ganciclovir

67
Q

… When Acyclovir + Ganciclovir FAIL …

A

Cidofovir + Foscarnet

68
Q

Ribavirin (2)

A
  • RSV

- Chronic Hepatitis C

Drug Uses (18 decks)

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