NEUMONIA Flashcards

1
Q

ETIOLOGIA de la neumonia?

A
Bacteriana = Streptococo. Pneumonia 
Viral= Virus respiratrios
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2
Q

M. Clinicas de la Neumonia Tipica?

A
o	Fiebre súbita + escalofrio 
o	Malestar general 
o	Dolor pleural 
o	Espectoracion purulenta
o	En la auscultación - Soplo tubarico 
o	Tos escasa o no presente. 
o	Meningismo o dolor abdominal (frecuente en niños pequeños)
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3
Q

M. Clinicas de la Neumonia ATipica? <3 años

A

o Sintomas catarrales ( inicio lento, fiebre leve, tos seca irritativa, dificultad respiratoria)
o Faringitis
o Conjuntivitis
o Coriza
o Exantemas inespecíficos o diarrea (signos extraspulmonares)

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4
Q

M. Clinica de la Neumonia por C. Pneumonia >3años?

A

o Tos seca irritativa
o Mialgias
o Acompañada de cefalea
o Auscultacion espástica

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5
Q

M. Clinica de la Neumonia por M. Penumonia

A
o	Sintomas Extrarespiratorios
•	Encefalitis 
•	Sind. Guillainbarre, neuritis
•	Anemia hemolítica
•	Miocarditis
•	Eritema exudativo multiforme
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6
Q

DX de neumonia?

A
  1. Analitico
  2. Imagenologico → el mas importante.
  3. E. Microbiológico
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7
Q

Dx analitico de neumonia?

A

A. Desviacion a la derecha

B. Elevacion de los eosinofilos ( C. Trachomatis)

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8
Q

Dx imagen de neumonia?

A

A. Condensaciones (bacteriano), Neumonias alveolares

B. Infiltrado con multiples focos (viral ) Bronqueo neomonias

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9
Q

Dx microbiologico de neumonia?

A
A.	Frotis Nasofaringeo 
B.	Hemocultivo  y cultivo de esputo 
C.	PCR
D.	Deteccion de antígenos bacterianos 
E.	Serologia 
F.	Otras técnica
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10
Q

TTO Neumonia TIpica no complicada

A

• Con V. influenza

  • TTO. Ambulatorio = Amoxicilina oral 80 mg/kg/dia/3vcs/ 7- 10 dias
  • TTO. hospitalario = Ampicilina I.V 200mg/kg/dia/3-4 vcs/ 2-4 dias

• Sin V. Influenza

  • TTO. Ambulatorio = Amox+clavulanico oral 80 mg/kg/dia/7-10 dias
  • TTO. hospitalario = Amox+clavulanicoI.V 200mg/kg/dia/
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11
Q

TTO Neumonia TIpica Con derrame pleural

A

• Cefotaxima IV. 200 mg/kg/dia./ 3 dosis

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12
Q

o TTO Neumonia ABSCESIFICADA (NECROTIZANTE

A
  • Cefotaxima IV. 200 mg/kg/dia./ 3 dosis + Clindamicina IV 40 mg/kg/dia/3-4d
  • Alternativa= meropenem IV 60-80 mg/kg/dia/3d
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13
Q

TTO Neumonia ATIpica

A

o Niños < 3 años: Tratamiento sintomatico
o Niños > 3 años : macrolidos oral o I.V (eritromicina ,claritromicina y
o azitromicina )

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14
Q

TTO neumonia nO CLASIFICABLES

A
o	Niño 3 años: igual a la NAC tipica 
o	Niño > 3 años: macrolidos 
o	Grave (cualquier edad) 
•	Cefotaxima/ ceftriaxona IV. + macrolidos IV
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