Nervous Tissue Flashcards
Two types of nervous system?
CNS- brain and spinal cord
PNS- Everything else
CNS Structure
White Matter- Myelinated area
Grey Matter- Cell Bodies (Unmyelinated parts)
Nuclei
Ganglia
Tracts
N- Collection of nerve cells inside CNS
G- Collection of nerves outside CNS
T- Direction of axon cables/wiring in CNS
Where does the CNS stop in the spine?
L2 vertebrae
Concus Medularis
Where the grey matter ends
Cauda Equina
Where rest of spine full of chords going down (Looks like horse tail)
Filum Terminale
End of meninges by coccyx
Where does the spinal cord exit the skull?
Foramen Magnum
Vertebral Foramen
Intervertebral Foramen
V- Where spinal cord runs
I- Allows PNS to run out
What is the Duramater?
Superficial part of meninges, attaches the cord to bone
Where are Epidural shots given?
Placed on top of duramater
What is the Arachnoid?
Middle part of meninges, Where the CSF is located, Where spinal taps are taken from
What is the function of CSF?
Protect and nourish the spinal cord, impact protection
What is Pia Mater?
Adheres cord to arachnoid, has denticulate ligaments to allow for wiggling within arachnoid
How many cranial nerves are there?
12, first is olfactory. Second is sight
How many nerves per vertebrae section?
C8, T12,L5, S5, C1
What are Dermatomes?
The patterns nerves follow across body.
What is a group of nerves coming out of cord together called?
Nerve Plexus
Afferent vs Efferent
A- Brings signal in
E- Sends message
Oligodendrocytes
in CNS, can myelinate many cells
Neurolemmocytes (Schwann cells)
Wrap axon with cell membrane
What cells maintain extracellular environment in nervous system?
Astrocytes (CNS)
Satellite (PNS)
Microglia cells
Immune “privileged”
Works as immune due to normal immune system not in CNS
What cells make CSF?
Where does the CSF stay?
Ependymal cells
In the ventricles
Endoneurium
Around each axon
Perineurium
Around bundles
Epineurium
Around whole nerve cable
Multiple Sclerosis
Demyelination of axons
Targets Schwann Cells and Oligodendrocytes
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Luegaricks disease) ALS
Motor neurons start to die off, people die by flaccid paralysis. Can’t breath.
Motor neurons- visceral- autonomic
2 neuron system
Sympathetic system: neurons only found in thoracolumbar region of vertebrae T1-L1
Parasympathetic: Live in the brain and sacral areas
Where in body are both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation found?
Every visceral part of body except adrenal glands and some sweat glands. Smooth muscle of vessels only have sympathetic.
