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Anatomy 317 > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

A

22 bones

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2
Q

Facial bones

A

Protect sensory organs
Attachment sites
Alveolar processes and sockets

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3
Q

What are the six cavities of the skull?

A 
Cranial cavity - holds the brain
Orbits - eye sockets
Nasal Cavity
Oral cavity 
Middle and inner-ear cavities
Paranasal sinuses - air filled spaces connected to nasal cavity. Named after the bones in which they are found
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4
Q

What are the functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A

Decrease skull weight

Resonating chambers

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5
Q

What makes something a cranial bone?

A

Bones that have direct contact with membranes that enclose that brain.

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6
Q

What are the three parts of the cranial base?

A

Anterior cranial fossa - Frontal lobe
Middle cranial fossa - Temporal lobes
Posterior cranial fossa - Cerabellum

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7
Q

What are the four parts of the temporal bones?

A

Squamous, tympanic, mastoid, and petrous

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8
Q

Describe the differences between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone?

A

Lesser wing - posterior margin of anterior cranial fossa. Posterior wall of orbit. Optic canal.
Greater wing - About half middle cranial fossa. Lateral surface

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9
Q

What parts of the skull does the ethmoid bone contribute to?

A

Roof/walls of nasal cavity
Medial wall of orbit
Nasal septum

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10
Q

What kind of bones have no contact with meninges?

A

Facial bones

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11
Q

What bones make up the facial bones?

A

2 maxillae, palatine, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, and inferior nasal conchea
1 vomer and mandible

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12
Q

What bone makes up the majority of the hard palate? What does this allow us to do?

A

The maxillae

Chew and breath at the same time.

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13
Q

What is the largest sinus?

A

Maxillary sinus

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14
Q

What makes up the rest of the hard palate?

A

Palatine bone

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15
Q

That three facial features are made up of the palatine bone?

A

Hard palate, nasal cavity wall, and floor of the orbit

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16
Q

What is the smallest skull bone?

A

Lacrimal bone which is found in the medial wall of each orbit. (think lacrimal fossa collecting the tears from eyes)

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17
Q

What is the largest conchae in the nasal cavity?

A

Inferior nasal conchae. This is not a part of the ethmoid bone

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18
Q

How many bones form the orbit?

A

7 bone

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19
Q

What part of the orbit does the frontal bone form?

A

Roof

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20
Q

What bone forms the roof and the posterolateral wall?

A

Sphenoid

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21
Q

What bone forms the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic

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22
Q

True or false -

The maxilla forms the medial wall of the orbit

A

False the maxilla forms the floor of the orbit

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23
Q

What three bones form the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Lacrimal bone, Ethmoid bone, Palatine bone

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24
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Pear shaped, open anteriorly

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25
Q

What divides the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal septum made up of the vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

26
Q

What is the purpose of the nasal conchae?

A

Increases surface area, covered in mucus membrane, and used to moisten, warm and filter air

27
Q

How many bones form the nasal cavity?

A

9

28
Q

True or false -

There are four bones that form the roof of the nasal cavity

A

True, the frontal bone, nasal bone, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone.

29
Q

What three surfaces are formed by the ethmoid bone in the nasal cavity?

A

Roof, septum, and lateral wall

30
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Inferior nasal concha and lacrimal bone

31
Q

What forms the septum?

A

Vomer

32
Q

What two bones form the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Maxilla and palatine bone

33
Q

What does the palatine bone form in the nasal cavity?

A

Floor and lateral wall

34
Q

What is a fontanelles?

A

The space between unfused cranial bones, contains fibrous membrane. This helps with child birth allowing for shifting of the skull bones.

35
Q

What is the only bone in the body with no articulation?

A

Hyoid bone that is found between the chin and larynx

36
Q

What bones are associated with the auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus, incus, stapes

37
Q

What are the four functions of the vertebral column?

A

Support of the skull and trunk
Protects spinal cord
Absorbs stress from movement
Attachment for limbs, thoracic cage, and postural muscles

38
Q

How many vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

A

33

39
Q

How many groups of vertebrae are there?

What are the names and amount in each group?

A

Cervical - 7 very top
Therasic - 12 middle of back
Lumbar - 5 lower back
Sacral - 5 Fused into a single bone called the sacrum
Coccygeal - 4 fused as a single called the coccyx

40
Q

Explain the functions of the body of the vertabrae and its rough surfaces.

A

The body is used for weight bearing and the rough surfaces are attachment for intervertebral discs

41
Q

What are the two places on the vertabrea that are used for attachment of ligaments and bones?

A

Spinous process - extends from the apex of arch

Transverse process - extends laterally from arch

42
Q

What makes the C1 (atlas) special?

A

Very large vertebral foramen
Has no body
Supports the head
Allows for “yes” nodding

43
Q

What makes the C2 (axis) special?

A

Allows for rotation of the head

It is the first vertebrae with a spinous process.

44
Q

What vertebrae support the ribs?

A

Thoracic vertebrae

45
Q

What are the four functions of the intervertebral discs?

A

Binds adjacent vertebrae together
Allows for flexibility for the spine
Supports weight of body
Absorbs shock from movement

46
Q

What makes up the thoracic cage and what are its functions?

A

Made up of thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and ribs
Encloses lungs, heart, spleen, liver, and kidneys
Attachment for pectoral griddle and upper limbs

47
Q

What are the three regions of the sternum?

A

Manubrium - Broad superior portion
Body (gladiolus) - longest part and where the ribs attach
Xiphoid process - inferior point, attachment for abdominal muscles

48
Q

Where does the head of the ribs articulate?

A

The head attaches to the thoracic vertebrae.

49
Q

What are true ribs and how many are there?

A

Ribs that are directly connected to the sternum

50
Q

True or false -

There are 5 false ribs that do not connect to anything on the distal end.

A

False there are 5 false ribs that do not independently connect to the sternum. This also includes floating ribs (2) that have no cartilage connection on the distal end.

51
Q

What makes the C1 rib different from the rest?

A

It is short, flat and C- shaped

Articulates with the T1

52
Q

What is different about T11-12?

A

No tubercles to the transverse process

53
Q

What four bones articulate with the left parietal bone?

A

Parietal, temporal, occipital, frontal

54
Q

True or false -

True ribs attach directly to the sternum with costal cartilage.

A

True

55
Q

True or false -

There are five pairs of floating ribs.

A

False - there are 5 pairs of false ribs

56
Q

True or false -

the head of the rib attaches to the transverse process of the vertabea.

A

True

57
Q

True or false -

Ribs 8-10 are classified as true ribs.

A

False - 8-10 are false ribs

True ribs are 1-7

58
Q

True or false -

Floating ribs do not attach to the vertabrea.

A

False - Floating ribs are attached to the vertabrea but they are not attached to the sternum.

59
Q

The _______ can be easily palpated between the clavicles.

A

Jugular notch

60
Q

The nasal septum is composed partly of the same bone as _______

A

The cribriform plate

Anatomy 317 (19 decks)

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