Muscle System Flashcards
True or False -
Flexion decreases the joint angle.
True
Bending your elbow so that your wrist is by your shoulder is an example.
_______ straightens increases the joint angle or straightens it.
Extension.
True or false -
Hyper-extension is when the joint is dislocated.
False
Hyper-extension is when the joint goes beyond zero position.
What is zero position?
Anatomical position.
Explain the difference between abduction and adduction.
Adduction is moving towards the mid line of the body. Putting your hands down that were over your head
Abduction is moving away from the mid line of the body. This would be reaching something on a tall shelf
What plane does abduction happen in?
The frontal plane
What plane does flexion happen in?
The sagittal plane
True or false -
An example of elevation would be opening your mouth
False
An example of elevation would be raising your shoulders to your ears
What plane does depression occur in?
The frontal plane
True or false -
Protraction is you would pull on something going towards your body
False protraction is when you are pushing things away. Think about the upward movement of a pushup. It is the anterior movement.
True or false -
Retraction occurs in the frontal plane
False - it happen in the transverse plane
Explain what the difference is with circumduction and rotation.
Circumduction is when the distal end of the limb is making a circle and the proximal end is stationary.
Rotation is when the bone spins on an axis. Think of leaving your elbow against your body and bringing your hand to your stomach and then away again.
True or false-
Pronation is when the hand is in anatomical position rotating in. The radius and ulna would be parallel
False - pronation is when the hand is in anatomical position moving with the thumb going towards the abdomen but that motion would cause the radius and ulna to cross.
What are the seven ways muscles can be named?
Size Shape Orientation of fiber Location- specific region Attachment Number of attachments Action
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic movement?
Intrinsic movement has both attachments contained with a particular region.
Extrinsic movement move other body parts and acts upon a designated region but has its origin elsewhere.
What muscle compresses the cheek and hold food between cheek during chewing?
Buccinator
What muscle draws the corner of the mouth down laterally (frown)?
Depressor anguli oris
What muscle closes the eye?
Orbicularis oculi
What is the muscle that raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead?
Occipotofrontalis
What muscle compresses or purses the lips?
Orbicularis oris
What two muscles are used to raise the corners of the mouth into a smile?
Zygomaticus major and minor
What is used for frowning?
Depressor anguli oris
How many muscles are used for mastication?
Four muscles are used for chewing
What muscle is a prime mover in chewing?
Masseter
What muscle elevates and protracts the mandible and produce excursion when chewing?
Medial pterygoinds
What muscle uses depression, protraction of mandible and produce excursion when chewing?
Lateral pterygoids
What muscle uses elevation, retraction and excursion of the mandible?
Temporalis
What muscle elevates and protracts the mandible?
Masseter
What muscle unilaterally rotates the head and bilaterally tilts the head down?
Sternocleidomastoid
What muscle unilaterally flexes the neck to one side and bilaterally tilts the head up?
Trapezius
What muscle is responsible for flexion of the vertebral column, rotates the trunk and compresses the abdomen?
Abdominal obliques
What muscle used flexion of the vertebral column, stabilizes the pelvis and compresses the abdomen?
Rectus abdominis
What muscle compresses the abdomen?
Transverse abdominal
What muscle extends the head, neck, vertebral column and maintains posture?
Erector spinae
What muscle elevates the scapula, pulls the glenoid cavity inferior and flexes the neck laterally?
Levator scapilae
What muscle protracts and depresses the scapula?
Pectoralis minor
What muscle retracts and elevates the scapular, fixes the scapula during arm movement and inferiority rotates scapula?
Rhomboids (major and minor)
What muscle rotates glenoid cavity superior and draws the scapula laterally around the chest?
Serratus anterior
What muscle elevates and superior rotates scapula with the superior portion, Retracts the scapula with the middle portion, and depresses the scapula with the inferior portion?
Trapezius
What muscle adducts and laterally rotates the arm and pervents the humerous from sliding upward?
Infraspinatus
What muscle medically rotates the arm and prevents the humerus from sliding upward when the arm is abducted?
Subscapularis
What muscle abducts the arm and resists downward slippage of humerus?
Supraspinatus
What muscle abducts and laterally rotates the arms and prevents the humerus from sliding upward when the arm is abducted?
Teres minor
Anterior fibers: flex and medically rotate arm
Middle fibers: prime mover of arm abduction
Posterior fibers: extension and laterally rotates the arm
Deltoid
What muscle is the prime mover of arm extension and addiction and medially rotates the humerus?
Latissimus dorsi
What muscle is the prime mover arm flexion, addiction and medically rotates humerus?
Pectoralis major
What muscle extends, adducts and medically rotates the humerus?
Teres major
What muscle supinates and flexes the forearm and is a synergist in elbow flexion?
Biceps brachii
What is the prime mover of the forearm?
Brachialis
What is the muscle tat flexes the elbow?
Brachioradialis
What are the muscles that pronates the forearm?
Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres
What is the muscle that supinates the forearm?
Supinator
What is the muscle that extrends the elbow and the long head adducts the humerus?
Triceps brachii
What is the muscle that flexes the wrist and abducts the hand?
Flexor carpi radialis
What is the muscle that flexes the wrist and adducts the hand?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
What muscle flexes the wrist and knuckles II-V?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
What are the muscles that extend the wrist and abducts the hand?
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brvis
What are the muscles that extend the wrist and adducts the hand?
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extersor digitorum
What muscle adducts and medically rotates the femur and flexes the hip?
Adductor longus and brevis
What muscle adducts and medically rotates the femur and extends and laterally rotates the thigh?
Adductor magnus
What muscle extends the thigh and abducts the thigh?
Gluteus maximus
What muscle abducts the and medically rotates the thigh?
Gluteus medius and minimus
What muscle adducts the thigh and flexes the knee?
Gracilis
What muscle flexes thigh at the hip when trunk is flexed, flexes trunk at hip when thigh is flexes, and balances during sitting?
Iliopsoas
What muscle adducts and flexes the thigh?
Pectineus
What muscle flexes the knee and extends the hip and laterally rotates the tibia?
Biceps femoris
What muscle extends the knee and flexes the hip?
Quadriceps femoris
What muscle flexes the hip and knee? Think of crossing your leg
Sartorius
What are the muscles that flexes the knee and extends the hip and medially rotates the leg?
Semimembronosus
Semitendinosus
What is the muscle that extends toes II-V and dorsiflexes the foot?
Extensor digitorum longus
What muscles everts the foot and does plantar flaxion?
Fibularis brevis
Fibularis longus
What muscle flexes toes II-V and plantar flexes the foot?
Flexor digitorum longus
What muscle flexes the knee and plantar flexes foot?
Gastrocnemius
What muscle that plantar flexes foot
Soleus
What muscle dorsiflexes and inverts the foot?
Tibialis anterior
What muscle plantar flexes and inverts the foot?
Tibialis posterior