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Anatomy 317 > Muscle System > Flashcards

Muscle System Flashcards

1
Q

True or False -

Flexion decreases the joint angle.

A

True

Bending your elbow so that your wrist is by your shoulder is an example.

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2
Q

_______ straightens increases the joint angle or straightens it.

A

Extension.

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3
Q

True or false -

Hyper-extension is when the joint is dislocated.

A

False

Hyper-extension is when the joint goes beyond zero position.

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4
Q

What is zero position?

A

Anatomical position.

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5
Q

Explain the difference between abduction and adduction.

A

Adduction is moving towards the mid line of the body. Putting your hands down that were over your head
Abduction is moving away from the mid line of the body. This would be reaching something on a tall shelf

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6
Q

What plane does abduction happen in?

A

The frontal plane

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7
Q

What plane does flexion happen in?

A

The sagittal plane

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8
Q

True or false -

An example of elevation would be opening your mouth

A

False

An example of elevation would be raising your shoulders to your ears

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9
Q

What plane does depression occur in?

A

The frontal plane

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10
Q

True or false -

Protraction is you would pull on something going towards your body

A

False protraction is when you are pushing things away. Think about the upward movement of a pushup. It is the anterior movement.

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11
Q

True or false -

Retraction occurs in the frontal plane

A

False - it happen in the transverse plane

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12
Q

Explain what the difference is with circumduction and rotation.

A

Circumduction is when the distal end of the limb is making a circle and the proximal end is stationary.
Rotation is when the bone spins on an axis. Think of leaving your elbow against your body and bringing your hand to your stomach and then away again.

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13
Q

True or false-

Pronation is when the hand is in anatomical position rotating in. The radius and ulna would be parallel

A

False - pronation is when the hand is in anatomical position moving with the thumb going towards the abdomen but that motion would cause the radius and ulna to cross.

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14
Q

What are the seven ways muscles can be named?

A 
Size
Shape
Orientation of fiber
Location- specific region
Attachment
Number of attachments
Action
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15
Q

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic movement?

A

Intrinsic movement has both attachments contained with a particular region.
Extrinsic movement move other body parts and acts upon a designated region but has its origin elsewhere.

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16
Q

What muscle compresses the cheek and hold food between cheek during chewing?

A

Buccinator

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17
Q

What muscle draws the corner of the mouth down laterally (frown)?

A

Depressor anguli oris

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18
Q

What muscle closes the eye?

A

Orbicularis oculi

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19
Q

What is the muscle that raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead?

A

Occipotofrontalis

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20
Q

What muscle compresses or purses the lips?

A

Orbicularis oris

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21
Q

What two muscles are used to raise the corners of the mouth into a smile?

A

Zygomaticus major and minor

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22
Q

What is used for frowning?

A

Depressor anguli oris

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23
Q

How many muscles are used for mastication?

A

Four muscles are used for chewing

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24
Q

What muscle is a prime mover in chewing?

A

Masseter

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25
What muscle elevates and protracts the mandible and produce excursion when chewing?
Medial pterygoinds
26
What muscle uses depression, protraction of mandible and produce excursion when chewing?
Lateral pterygoids
27
What muscle uses elevation, retraction and excursion of the mandible?
Temporalis
28
What muscle elevates and protracts the mandible?
Masseter
29
What muscle unilaterally rotates the head and bilaterally tilts the head down?
Sternocleidomastoid
30
What muscle unilaterally flexes the neck to one side and bilaterally tilts the head up?
Trapezius
31
What muscle is responsible for flexion of the vertebral column, rotates the trunk and compresses the abdomen?
Abdominal obliques
32
What muscle used flexion of the vertebral column, stabilizes the pelvis and compresses the abdomen?
Rectus abdominis
33
What muscle compresses the abdomen?
Transverse abdominal
34
What muscle extends the head, neck, vertebral column and maintains posture?
Erector spinae
35
What muscle elevates the scapula, pulls the glenoid cavity inferior and flexes the neck laterally?
Levator scapilae
36
What muscle protracts and depresses the scapula?
Pectoralis minor
37
What muscle retracts and elevates the scapular, fixes the scapula during arm movement and inferiority rotates scapula?
Rhomboids (major and minor)
38
What muscle rotates glenoid cavity superior and draws the scapula laterally around the chest?
Serratus anterior
39
What muscle elevates and superior rotates scapula with the superior portion, Retracts the scapula with the middle portion, and depresses the scapula with the inferior portion?
Trapezius
40
What muscle adducts and laterally rotates the arm and pervents the humerous from sliding upward?
Infraspinatus
41
What muscle medically rotates the arm and prevents the humerus from sliding upward when the arm is abducted?
Subscapularis
42
What muscle abducts the arm and resists downward slippage of humerus?
Supraspinatus
43
What muscle abducts and laterally rotates the arms and prevents the humerus from sliding upward when the arm is abducted?
Teres minor
44
Anterior fibers: flex and medically rotate arm Middle fibers: prime mover of arm abduction Posterior fibers: extension and laterally rotates the arm
Deltoid
45
What muscle is the prime mover of arm extension and addiction and medially rotates the humerus?
Latissimus dorsi
46
What muscle is the prime mover arm flexion, addiction and medically rotates humerus?
Pectoralis major
47
What muscle extends, adducts and medically rotates the humerus?
Teres major
48
What muscle supinates and flexes the forearm and is a synergist in elbow flexion?
Biceps brachii
49
What is the prime mover of the forearm?
Brachialis
50
What is the muscle tat flexes the elbow?
Brachioradialis
51
What are the muscles that pronates the forearm?
Pronator quadratus | Pronator teres
52
What is the muscle that supinates the forearm?
Supinator
53
What is the muscle that extrends the elbow and the long head adducts the humerus?
Triceps brachii
54
What is the muscle that flexes the wrist and abducts the hand?
Flexor carpi radialis
55
What is the muscle that flexes the wrist and adducts the hand?
Flexor carpi ulnaris
56
What muscle flexes the wrist and knuckles II-V?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
57
What are the muscles that extend the wrist and abducts the hand?
Extensor carpi radialis longus | Extensor carpi radialis brvis
58
What are the muscles that extend the wrist and adducts the hand?
Extensor carpi ulnaris | Extersor digitorum
59
What muscle adducts and medically rotates the femur and flexes the hip?
Adductor longus and brevis
60
What muscle adducts and medically rotates the femur and extends and laterally rotates the thigh?
Adductor magnus
61
What muscle extends the thigh and abducts the thigh?
Gluteus maximus
62
What muscle abducts the and medically rotates the thigh?
Gluteus medius and minimus
63
What muscle adducts the thigh and flexes the knee?
Gracilis
64
What muscle flexes thigh at the hip when trunk is flexed, flexes trunk at hip when thigh is flexes, and balances during sitting?
Iliopsoas
65
What muscle adducts and flexes the thigh?
Pectineus
66
What muscle flexes the knee and extends the hip and laterally rotates the tibia?
Biceps femoris
67
What muscle extends the knee and flexes the hip?
Quadriceps femoris
68
What muscle flexes the hip and knee? Think of crossing your leg
Sartorius
69
What are the muscles that flexes the knee and extends the hip and medially rotates the leg?
Semimembronosus | Semitendinosus
70
What is the muscle that extends toes II-V and dorsiflexes the foot?
Extensor digitorum longus
71
What muscles everts the foot and does plantar flaxion?
Fibularis brevis | Fibularis longus
72
What muscle flexes toes II-V and plantar flexes the foot?
Flexor digitorum longus
73
What muscle flexes the knee and plantar flexes foot?
Gastrocnemius
74
What muscle that plantar flexes foot
Soleus
75
What muscle dorsiflexes and inverts the foot?
Tibialis anterior
76
What muscle plantar flexes and inverts the foot?
Tibialis posterior

Anatomy 317 (19 decks)

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