Nervous Systems Flashcards
what are the two nervous systems
central and peripheral
what is included in the central nervous system
the brain and spinal cord
what is included in the peripheral nervous system
cranial and spinal nerves
what divisions is the peripheral nervous system divided into
the sensory division and the motor division
what are the two systems within the motor division
somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
what is the somatic nervous system
it includes things we are aware of and can control; for example blinking and breathing. this consists of skeletal muscle
what is an example of an autonomic nervous system
heart rate; this consists of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
what is a nerve
an organ
what is a neuron
only sensory or motor, cant be both
where is an interneuron found
in the central nervous system
what do interneurons do
they connect one neuron to another
what are the different types of neurons
unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar
where are cell bodies located
by the spinal cord
where are unipolar neurons
sensory neurons
where can you find bipolar neurons
found in sensory organs such as ears, nose, and eyes
what is the least common neuron
bipolar neurons
what are multipolar neurons
all motor neurons
what is there in multipolar neurons
one axon, and how every many dendrite; can only have one axon
what is an interneuron
multipolar
what is an ependymal cell
a wall that builds a barrier and is very selective about what goes across it in either direction
what is the purpose of an astrocyte
it transfers waste products and nutrients between the blood stream and the nerves
what is a capillary
the smallest blood vessels we have
what is the purpose of a microglial cell
it cleans up the extracellular environment
what is a oligodendrocyte
it makes several branches that wrap around and make myelin sheaths
what is the purpose of myelin after an injury
it helps with the regeneration of the axon after an injury
what happens to the Schwann cells after the axon dies
since they are separate cells, they don’t die with the axon they shrivel and leave a pathway so the new axon knows where to grow
what is convergence
when they all come together at one spot and they all send the same information to the same synaptic cell
what is divergence
a motor unit; with only one pre synaptic cell and the rest are post synaptic cells
what is the purpose of meninges
protective, isolates different regions of the brain
what is the pia mater
the most delicate layer of the meninges
what is the subarachnoid space
space below the arachnoid mater where spinal fluid is found; adds a layer of cushion
what is dura mater
tough dense fibrous connective tissue
what is the purpose of the longitudinal fissure
it separates the left and right cerebrum
what is a fissure
a deep crevis
what is the purpose of the transverse fissure
separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum
what is the biggest difference between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma
the amount of protein
how can we remove proteins
through filtration
what is unique about osmolarity in both CSF and plasma
they’re the exact same; if they were different one would gain water from the other
what is a ventricle
a chamber that contains fluid
a ventricle in the brain is important because
that is where cerebrospinal fluid is made
where are choroid plexus found
within the ventricles
what is the purpose of arachnoid granulations
they help to remove spinal fluid by moving it into the blood filled dural space
what is one purpose of spinal fluid
it provides cushion through the whole central nervous system
whats the purpose of cilia
it helps to move things along the surface of the cell
where is cilia found in your body
fallopian tubes, respiratory tract as well as ependymal cell
substances that move out of the bloodstream go where?
into the extracellular membrane
what is a pericyte
a cell that goes around something
does BBB or blood CSF have more surface area
BBB because BCSF is only found in the ventricles
