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Anatomy and Physiology 225 > Nervous Systems > Flashcards

Nervous Systems Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two nervous systems

A

central and peripheral

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2
Q

what is included in the central nervous system

A

the brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

what is included in the peripheral nervous system

A

cranial and spinal nerves

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4
Q

what divisions is the peripheral nervous system divided into

A

the sensory division and the motor division

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5
Q

what are the two systems within the motor division

A

somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

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6
Q

what is the somatic nervous system

A

it includes things we are aware of and can control; for example blinking and breathing. this consists of skeletal muscle

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7
Q

what is an example of an autonomic nervous system

A

heart rate; this consists of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

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8
Q

what is a nerve

A

an organ

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9
Q

what is a neuron

A

only sensory or motor, cant be both

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10
Q

where is an interneuron found

A

in the central nervous system

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11
Q

what do interneurons do

A

they connect one neuron to another

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12
Q

what are the different types of neurons

A

unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar

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13
Q

where are cell bodies located

A

by the spinal cord

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14
Q

where are unipolar neurons

A

sensory neurons

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15
Q

where can you find bipolar neurons

A

found in sensory organs such as ears, nose, and eyes

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16
Q

what is the least common neuron

A

bipolar neurons

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17
Q

what are multipolar neurons

A

all motor neurons

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18
Q

what is there in multipolar neurons

A

one axon, and how every many dendrite; can only have one axon

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19
Q

what is an interneuron

A

multipolar

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20
Q

what is an ependymal cell

A

a wall that builds a barrier and is very selective about what goes across it in either direction

21
Q

what is the purpose of an astrocyte

A

it transfers waste products and nutrients between the blood stream and the nerves

22
Q

what is a capillary

A

the smallest blood vessels we have

23
Q

what is the purpose of a microglial cell

A

it cleans up the extracellular environment

24
Q

what is a oligodendrocyte

A

it makes several branches that wrap around and make myelin sheaths

25
Q

what is the purpose of myelin after an injury

A

it helps with the regeneration of the axon after an injury

26
Q

what happens to the Schwann cells after the axon dies

A

since they are separate cells, they don’t die with the axon they shrivel and leave a pathway so the new axon knows where to grow

27
Q

what is convergence

A

when they all come together at one spot and they all send the same information to the same synaptic cell

28
Q

what is divergence

A

a motor unit; with only one pre synaptic cell and the rest are post synaptic cells

29
Q

what is the purpose of meninges

A

protective, isolates different regions of the brain

30
Q

what is the pia mater

A

the most delicate layer of the meninges

31
Q

what is the subarachnoid space

A

space below the arachnoid mater where spinal fluid is found; adds a layer of cushion

32
Q

what is dura mater

A

tough dense fibrous connective tissue

33
Q

what is the purpose of the longitudinal fissure

A

it separates the left and right cerebrum

34
Q

what is a fissure

A

a deep crevis

35
Q

what is the purpose of the transverse fissure

A

separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum

36
Q

what is the biggest difference between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma

A

the amount of protein

37
Q

how can we remove proteins

A

through filtration

38
Q

what is unique about osmolarity in both CSF and plasma

A

they’re the exact same; if they were different one would gain water from the other

39
Q

what is a ventricle

A

a chamber that contains fluid

40
Q

a ventricle in the brain is important because

A

that is where cerebrospinal fluid is made

41
Q

where are choroid plexus found

A

within the ventricles

42
Q

what is the purpose of arachnoid granulations

A

they help to remove spinal fluid by moving it into the blood filled dural space

43
Q

what is one purpose of spinal fluid

A

it provides cushion through the whole central nervous system

44
Q

whats the purpose of cilia

A

it helps to move things along the surface of the cell

45
Q

where is cilia found in your body

A

fallopian tubes, respiratory tract as well as ependymal cell

46
Q

substances that move out of the bloodstream go where?

A

into the extracellular membrane

47
Q

what is a pericyte

A

a cell that goes around something

48
Q

does BBB or blood CSF have more surface area

A

BBB because BCSF is only found in the ventricles

Anatomy and Physiology 225 (18 decks)

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