Nervous Systems

Question 1

what are the two nervous systems

Answer 1

central and peripheral

Question 2

what is included in the central nervous system

Answer 2

the brain and spinal cord

Question 3

what is included in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 3

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 4

what divisions is the peripheral nervous system divided into

Answer 4

the sensory division and the motor division

Question 5

what are the two systems within the motor division

Answer 5

somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system

Question 6

what is the somatic nervous system

Answer 6

it includes things we are aware of and can control; for example blinking and breathing. this consists of skeletal muscle

Question 7

what is an example of an autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

heart rate; this consists of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 8

what is a nerve

Answer 8

an organ

Question 9

what is a neuron

Answer 9

only sensory or motor, cant be both

Question 10

where is an interneuron found

Answer 10

in the central nervous system

Question 11

what do interneurons do

Answer 11

they connect one neuron to another

Question 12

what are the different types of neurons

Answer 12

unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar

Question 13

where are cell bodies located

Answer 13

by the spinal cord

Question 14

where are unipolar neurons

Answer 14

sensory neurons

Question 15

where can you find bipolar neurons

Answer 15

found in sensory organs such as ears, nose, and eyes

Question 16

what is the least common neuron

Answer 16

bipolar neurons

Question 17

what are multipolar neurons

Answer 17

all motor neurons

Question 18

what is there in multipolar neurons

Answer 18

one axon, and how every many dendrite; can only have one axon

Question 19

what is an interneuron

Answer 19

multipolar

Question 20

what is an ependymal cell

Answer 20

a wall that builds a barrier and is very selective about what goes across it in either direction

Question 21

what is the purpose of an astrocyte

Answer 21

it transfers waste products and nutrients between the blood stream and the nerves

Question 22

what is a capillary

Answer 22

the smallest blood vessels we have

Question 23

what is the purpose of a microglial cell

Answer 23

it cleans up the extracellular environment

Question 24

what is a oligodendrocyte

Answer 24

it makes several branches that wrap around and make myelin sheaths

Question 25

what is the purpose of myelin after an injury

Answer 25

it helps with the regeneration of the axon after an injury

Question 26

what happens to the Schwann cells after the axon dies

Answer 26

since they are separate cells, they don't die with the axon they shrivel and leave a pathway so the new axon knows where to grow

Question 27

what is convergence

Answer 27

when they all come together at one spot and they all send the same information to the same synaptic cell

Question 28

what is divergence

Answer 28

a motor unit; with only one pre synaptic cell and the rest are post synaptic cells

Question 29

what is the purpose of meninges

Answer 29

protective, isolates different regions of the brain

Question 30

what is the pia mater

Answer 30

the most delicate layer of the meninges

Question 31

what is the subarachnoid space

Answer 31

space below the arachnoid mater where spinal fluid is found; adds a layer of cushion

Question 32

what is dura mater

Answer 32

tough dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 33

what is the purpose of the longitudinal fissure

Answer 33

it separates the left and right cerebrum

Question 34

what is a fissure

Answer 34

a deep crevis

Question 35

what is the purpose of the transverse fissure

Answer 35

separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum

Question 36

what is the biggest difference between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma

Answer 36

the amount of protein

Question 37

how can we remove proteins

Answer 37

through filtration

Question 38

what is unique about osmolarity in both CSF and plasma

Answer 38

they're the exact same; if they were different one would gain water from the other

Question 39

what is a ventricle

Answer 39

a chamber that contains fluid

Question 40

a ventricle in the brain is important because

Answer 40

that is where cerebrospinal fluid is made

Question 41

where are choroid plexus found

Answer 41

within the ventricles

Question 42

what is the purpose of arachnoid granulations

Answer 42

they help to remove spinal fluid by moving it into the blood filled dural space

Question 43

what is one purpose of spinal fluid

Answer 43

it provides cushion through the whole central nervous system

Question 44

whats the purpose of cilia

Answer 44

it helps to move things along the surface of the cell

Question 45

where is cilia found in your body

Answer 45

fallopian tubes, respiratory tract as well as ependymal cell

Question 46

substances that move out of the bloodstream go where?

Answer 46

into the extracellular membrane

Question 47

what is a pericyte

Answer 47

a cell that goes around something

Question 48

does BBB or blood CSF have more surface area

Answer 48

BBB because BCSF is only found in the ventricles