Lab Exercise 9: Vertebral Column and Trunk

Question 1

The joints between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae have limited movement, so they are classified as _______ based on their degree of movement. Anatomically these joints fall under the broad category of _____ joints; specifically, they are ______ joints and include a pad or disk comprised primarily of _________.

Answer 1

amphiarthrotic , cartilaginous, symphysis, fibrocartilage

Question 2

The feature on the superior end of the sternum is the ________ and that on the inferior end is the _____ process.

Answer 2

manubrium, xiphoid process

Question 3

Facets on the ribs articulate with facets on the thoracic vertebrae to form a specific type of synovial joint called a(n) _____ joint. Based on the degree of movement possible, these are classified as _______ joints.

Answer 3

plane, diarthrotic

Question 4

The muscles between adjacent ribs that act to depress the ribs are the ______.

Answer 4

internal intercostals

Question 5

The muscle of the abdominal region that originates on the lower 6 ribs and the iliac crest is the ______________. The fibers of this muscle are oriented horizontally.

Answer 5

transversus abdominis

Question 6

A narrow, ridge-like projection of a bone is called a(n) _____. On the ilium, this feature serves as the insertion for the external oblique muscle.

Answer 6

crest

Question 7

The muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity is the ________

Answer 7

diaphragm

Question 8

Thoracic vertebrae are the only vertebrae with ____ facets for ribs

Answer 8

costal

Question 9

The muscle of the abdominal region that originates on the lower 8 ribs and acts to compress the abdomen is the ________. The fibers of this muscle are oriented at an angle.

Answer 9

external oblique

Question 10

The atlas makes a ______ type of synovial joint with the occipital bone.

Answer 10

condylar

Question 11

The erector spinae consist of three muscle groups: the lateral or_____, the intermediate or
________ group, and the medial or spinalis group. All have their origin _____ their insertion so as to
maintain upright posture.

Answer 11

iliocostalis group, longissimus, below

Question 12

The sternum and first rib are held together by _____ cartilage and form a specific type of cartilaginous joint called a(n) _______. Based on its degree of movement, this is an example of a(n) ______ joint.

Answer 12

hyaline, synchondrosis, synarthrotic

Question 13

Small, flattened features of the first thoracic vertebra, specifically called the _____________
articulate with the __________ of the seventh cervical vertebra

Answer 13

superior articular facets, inferior articular facets

Question 14

The muscle of the abdominal region that inserts on to ribs 5-7 and the xiphoid process is the ________ The fibers of the muscle are oriented vertically.

Answer 14

rectus abdominis

Question 15

The muscles between adjacent ribs that act to elevate the ribs are the ___________

Answer 15

external intercostals

Question 16

When classifying bones based on shape, ribs, the sternum, and the ilium are all classified as ____ bones.

Answer 16

flat

Question 17

Compared to other vertebrae, the ________ of lumbar vertebrae project laterally and the
_____ is nearly horizontal.

Answer 17

transverse processes, spinous process

Question 18

The ____ muscle acts to flex the trunk when the lesser trochanter of the femur acts as the origin. If the lesser trochanter acts as the insertion, however, this muscle acts to flex the hip.

Answer 18

psoas major

Question 19

The opening through which the spinal cord passes in all vertebrae is called the ___ foramen.

Answer 19

vertebral

Question 20

A thorn-like projection on the posterior region of a typical vertebra is called the _______. This
same feature is also found on the scapula.

Answer 20

spinous process

Question 21

Cervical vertebrae are the only vertebrae with ______ foramina

Answer 21

transverse

Question 22

When classifying bones based on their shape, all the vertebrae as classified as ________ bones.

Answer 22

irregular

Question 23

A pair of____________ project laterally and slightly posteriorly from each typical cervical and
thoracic vertebra.

Answer 23

transverse processes

Question 24

Moving a body part around a central axis is called ______. This is the only movement possible at the
pivot joint formed between the _______ of the atlas and the __________ of the axis.

Answer 24

rotation, fovea dentis, dens or odontoid process

Question 25

The muscle of the abdominal region that inserts on to the lower 3 ribs, pubis, and linea alba is the
_________. The fibers of this muscle are oriented at an angle.

Answer 25

internal oblique

Question 26

what is the name of the muscle that enlarges thorax by depressing floor of thoracic cavity during inhalation

Answer 26

diaphragm

Question 27

what is the name of the muscle that elevate ribs during inhalation

Answer 27

external intercostals

Question 28

what is the name of the muscle that compresses the abdomen and flexes/ rotates vertebral column

Answer 28

internal oblique, external oblique, and transverse abdominis

Question 29

what muscle rotates and extends trunk and neck

Answer 29

illicostalis (lateral) group), longissimus (intermediate group)

Question 30

what muscle depresses the ribs during exhalation

Answer 30

internal intercostals

Question 31

what muscle flexes the trunk

Answer 31

psoas major

Question 32

what muscle compresses the abdomen and flexes the vertebral column

Answer 32

rectus abdominis

Question 33

what muscle extends the trunk

Answer 33

spinalis (medial) group