Brain Flashcards
what does the lateral fissure separate
parietal from temporal
why does the brain have so much surface area
because of the texture
what is significant about the frontal eye field
movement of the eyes; they have to do the same thing at the same time
what is significant about the frontal lobe
motor control; higher level of functioning
what is significant about the Broca’s area
speech is affected if area is damaged
what is significant about the temporal lobe
involves things with patterns and sounds
what is significant about the occipital lobe
it has everything to do with vision ; colors, patterns, characters
what is significant about the Wernicke’s area
it brings everything/ lobe together in the brain
what is significant about the parietal lobe
understands speech; allows us to read words to convey a message
which lobe takes the longest to mature
the frontal lobe
what does the gustatory cortex allow for
it is associated with taste
what is half of the motor cortex in the brain dedicated to
the hands and feet
what part of the brain is myleinated
the cerebrum
what part of the brain is unmyelinated
cerebral cortex
whats the purpose of the corpus callosum
it allows the left side of the brain to talk to the right side
which side of the brain is the dominant hemisphere for 90 percent of people
the left side
what does the non dominant side of the brain control
expressions, artistic ability, feelings, music , etc
if the non dominant side of the brain is affected, then what is affected the most
personality
what does long term memory require
physical change
what does short term memory require
an electrical circuit
what is the purpose of the hippocampus
it consolidates memories
how long does long term (synaptic) potentiation take
2-3 days of repeated recall
what does the basal nuclei do
produces dopamine and interacts with motor areas
why is production of dopamine important
its important for preventing things from happening; it doesn’t cross the blood-brain barrier
what does the motor cortex control
all skeletal muscles
what is the cerebellum involved with
coordination
where is the basal nuclei located
deep within the brain
what’s the importance of the pineal gland
it is where melatonin comes from; it follows the circadian pattern; it secretes hormones’
when do people make the most melatonin
in the winter which means we make less serotonin in the winter
what does a “shortage” of serotonin cause
depression
what is the purpose of the corpus callosum
communicating between the two halves of cerebrum
what is the purpose of the choroid plexus
makes cerebral spinal fluid
whats the purpose of the thalamus
its a relay station; filters out unnecessary signals
what is the purpose of the hypothalamus
it is involved with thirst and hunger, body temp regulation, and shivering; it also monitors the hydration state of blood
what’s the importance of the limbic system
it controls emotional responses and interprets information about odor ( odor brings about emotional response)
what does the limbic system include
parts of the frontal and temporal lobes plus the diencephalon
what’s the importance of the brainstem
it keeps you alive
what is the purpose of the midbrain
reflex: following the noise ( we move our heads towards the object/person)
what is the purpose of the pons
reflexes involved with respiration
what is the purpose of the medulla oblongata
nerves here control blood pressure; its the nuts and bolts of respiration and it also stimulates the muscles of respiration
what is a non vital reflex
sneezing, coughing, and vomiting
what is the purpose of the reticular formation
it is involved in wakefulness, arousal and sleep. if these nerves are stimulated you stay awake; this area has to calm down in order to fall asleep
why is there calorie conservation during sleep
because brain activity is so high
what is the purpose of the cerebellum
coordination of skeletal muscles; muscle coordination like walking
what part of the cerebrum is myelinated
the inside
what part of the cerebrum is unmyelinated
the outside
how do the two sides of the cerebellum communicate with each other
through the peduncles
what are the peduncles important for
communication within the central nervous system
what is the purpose of the longitudinal groove
divides the spinal cord from left and right
what is the central canal filled with
cerebrospinal fluid
white and gray matter? which is myelinated
white matter is myelinated
purpose of the white matter
nerve pathways that run up and down the spinal cord
can right side and left side of white matter communicate with each other
no
can right side and left side of gray matter communicate with each other
yes
monosynaptic somatic ?
there’s only one synapse, the effector muscle is skeletal
polysynaptic somatic ?
has interneurons, and has at least two synapse; skeletal muscle
what does S1 stand for
sacral nerve one; it exits at the top of the sacrum
what does L5 stand for
lumbar vertebrae 5, last cell exiting
which pathway in the spinal cord has two fibers
the autonomic pathway
which fibers does the autonomic pathway have
preganglionic fiber and the post ganglionic fiber
where are the nerve tracts of the spinal cord
running up and down the myelinated tracts
what is the purpose of the descending tracts
carry motor sensory impulses from brain
what is the purpose of the ascending tracts
carry sensory information to the brain
in the motor pathway what crosses
some of the medulla oblongata crosses over
definition of somatic
skeletal muscles
definition of efferent
motor fibers; carry motor nerves away from central nervous system
definition of afferent
goes towards central nervous system
definition of visceral
internal organ
what is the epineurium
bundles of nerves together
definition of proprioception
the ability to get feedback from things; like swelling
olfactory
sensory , taste
optic
sensory, sight
oculomotor
focusing vision, motor
trochlear
controlling skeletal muscles, motor
abducens
controlling skeletal muscles, motor
trigeminal nerves
sensory; three divisions; ophthalmic division, maxillary division, mandibular division
ophthalmic division
picking up things on skin, and around eyes
maxillary division
upper teeth
mandibular division
jaw, lower teeth; controls muscles of chewing
abducens nerves
moving eyes
facial nerves
controls position of mouth; any facial expression is controlled here
how many cranial nerves are involved with taste
three
vestibulocochlear nerves
100 percent sensory; vestibular branch and cochlear branch
glossopharyngeal nerve
mixed; sensory - tongue and taste; motor - process of swallowing
posterior and anterior branches of the spinal nerves are
motor and sensory nerves
where does the visceral branch go to
the internal organs
what happens at the plexuses
the individual nerves combine
the phrenic nerve consists of
cervical spinal nerves 3-5, go to the diaphragm
what is a ganglion
collection of nerve cell bodies
what does cholinergic fibers do
secrete acetylcholine
which neuron has long preganglionic fibers
parasympathetic neurons
which neuron has long postganglionic fibers
sympathetic neurons
what is dual innervation
two nerve supplies
which organs dont have dual innervation
skin, blood vessels, adrenal gland, spleen
