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Anatomy and Physiology 225 > Brain > Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the lateral fissure separate

A

parietal from temporal

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2
Q

why does the brain have so much surface area

A

because of the texture

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3
Q

what is significant about the frontal eye field

A

movement of the eyes; they have to do the same thing at the same time

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4
Q

what is significant about the frontal lobe

A

motor control; higher level of functioning

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5
Q

what is significant about the Broca’s area

A

speech is affected if area is damaged

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6
Q

what is significant about the temporal lobe

A

involves things with patterns and sounds

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7
Q

what is significant about the occipital lobe

A

it has everything to do with vision ; colors, patterns, characters

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8
Q

what is significant about the Wernicke’s area

A

it brings everything/ lobe together in the brain

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9
Q

what is significant about the parietal lobe

A

understands speech; allows us to read words to convey a message

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10
Q

which lobe takes the longest to mature

A

the frontal lobe

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11
Q

what does the gustatory cortex allow for

A

it is associated with taste

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12
Q

what is half of the motor cortex in the brain dedicated to

A

the hands and feet

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13
Q

what part of the brain is myleinated

A

the cerebrum

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14
Q

what part of the brain is unmyelinated

A

cerebral cortex

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15
Q

whats the purpose of the corpus callosum

A

it allows the left side of the brain to talk to the right side

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16
Q

which side of the brain is the dominant hemisphere for 90 percent of people

A

the left side

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17
Q

what does the non dominant side of the brain control

A

expressions, artistic ability, feelings, music , etc

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18
Q

if the non dominant side of the brain is affected, then what is affected the most

A

personality

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19
Q

what does long term memory require

A

physical change

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20
Q

what does short term memory require

A

an electrical circuit

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21
Q

what is the purpose of the hippocampus

A

it consolidates memories

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22
Q

how long does long term (synaptic) potentiation take

A

2-3 days of repeated recall

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23
Q

what does the basal nuclei do

A

produces dopamine and interacts with motor areas

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24
Q

why is production of dopamine important

A

its important for preventing things from happening; it doesn’t cross the blood-brain barrier

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25
what does the motor cortex control
all skeletal muscles
26
what is the cerebellum involved with
coordination
27
where is the basal nuclei located
deep within the brain
28
what's the importance of the pineal gland
it is where melatonin comes from; it follows the circadian pattern; it secretes hormones'
29
when do people make the most melatonin
in the winter which means we make less serotonin in the winter
30
what does a "shortage" of serotonin cause
depression
31
what is the purpose of the corpus callosum
communicating between the two halves of cerebrum
32
what is the purpose of the choroid plexus
makes cerebral spinal fluid
33
whats the purpose of the thalamus
its a relay station; filters out unnecessary signals
34
what is the purpose of the hypothalamus
it is involved with thirst and hunger, body temp regulation, and shivering; it also monitors the hydration state of blood
35
what's the importance of the limbic system
it controls emotional responses and interprets information about odor ( odor brings about emotional response)
36
what does the limbic system include
parts of the frontal and temporal lobes plus the diencephalon
37
what's the importance of the brainstem
it keeps you alive
38
what is the purpose of the midbrain
reflex: following the noise ( we move our heads towards the object/person)
39
what is the purpose of the pons
reflexes involved with respiration
40
what is the purpose of the medulla oblongata
nerves here control blood pressure; its the nuts and bolts of respiration and it also stimulates the muscles of respiration
41
what is a non vital reflex
sneezing, coughing, and vomiting
42
what is the purpose of the reticular formation
it is involved in wakefulness, arousal and sleep. if these nerves are stimulated you stay awake; this area has to calm down in order to fall asleep
43
why is there calorie conservation during sleep
because brain activity is so high
44
what is the purpose of the cerebellum
coordination of skeletal muscles; muscle coordination like walking
45
what part of the cerebrum is myelinated
the inside
46
what part of the cerebrum is unmyelinated
the outside
47
how do the two sides of the cerebellum communicate with each other
through the peduncles
48
what are the peduncles important for
communication within the central nervous system
49
what is the purpose of the longitudinal groove
divides the spinal cord from left and right
50
what is the central canal filled with
cerebrospinal fluid
51
white and gray matter? which is myelinated
white matter is myelinated
52
purpose of the white matter
nerve pathways that run up and down the spinal cord
53
can right side and left side of white matter communicate with each other
no
54
can right side and left side of gray matter communicate with each other
yes
55
monosynaptic somatic ?
there's only one synapse, the effector muscle is skeletal
56
polysynaptic somatic ?
has interneurons, and has at least two synapse; skeletal muscle
57
what does S1 stand for
sacral nerve one; it exits at the top of the sacrum
58
what does L5 stand for
lumbar vertebrae 5, last cell exiting
59
which pathway in the spinal cord has two fibers
the autonomic pathway
60
which fibers does the autonomic pathway have
preganglionic fiber and the post ganglionic fiber
61
where are the nerve tracts of the spinal cord
running up and down the myelinated tracts
62
what is the purpose of the descending tracts
carry motor sensory impulses from brain
63
what is the purpose of the ascending tracts
carry sensory information to the brain
64
in the motor pathway what crosses
some of the medulla oblongata crosses over
65
definition of somatic
skeletal muscles
66
definition of efferent
motor fibers; carry motor nerves away from central nervous system
67
definition of afferent
goes towards central nervous system
68
definition of visceral
internal organ
69
what is the epineurium
bundles of nerves together
70
definition of proprioception
the ability to get feedback from things; like swelling
71
olfactory
sensory , taste
72
optic
sensory, sight
73
oculomotor
focusing vision, motor
74
trochlear
controlling skeletal muscles, motor
75
abducens
controlling skeletal muscles, motor
76
trigeminal nerves
sensory; three divisions; ophthalmic division, maxillary division, mandibular division
77
ophthalmic division
picking up things on skin, and around eyes
78
maxillary division
upper teeth
79
mandibular division
jaw, lower teeth; controls muscles of chewing
80
abducens nerves
moving eyes
81
facial nerves
controls position of mouth; any facial expression is controlled here
82
how many cranial nerves are involved with taste
three
83
vestibulocochlear nerves
100 percent sensory; vestibular branch and cochlear branch
84
glossopharyngeal nerve
mixed; sensory - tongue and taste; motor - process of swallowing
85
posterior and anterior branches of the spinal nerves are
motor and sensory nerves
86
where does the visceral branch go to
the internal organs
87
what happens at the plexuses
the individual nerves combine
88
the phrenic nerve consists of
cervical spinal nerves 3-5, go to the diaphragm
89
what is a ganglion
collection of nerve cell bodies
90
what does cholinergic fibers do
secrete acetylcholine
91
which neuron has long preganglionic fibers
parasympathetic neurons
92
which neuron has long postganglionic fibers
sympathetic neurons
93
what is dual innervation
two nerve supplies
94
which organs dont have dual innervation
skin, blood vessels, adrenal gland, spleen

Anatomy and Physiology 225 (18 decks)

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