Lab Exercise 4: Bones and Joints

Question 1

Microscopic passageways through which processes from osteocytes extend are called _____. These passageways allow osteocytes to communicate with each other via
specialized gap junctions.

Answer 1

canaliculi

Question 2

If a bone’s width and length are approximately equal, the bone is classified as ___ based on its shape. The bones of the wrist and ankle fit this category.

Answer 2

short

Question 3

The plates of bony tissue in cancellous bone tissue are called ____. Red bone marrow fills the spaces between these plates.

Answer 3

trabeculae

Question 4

Bone tissue is laid down in concentric rings of tissue called ______. All of the rings of tissue surrounding one central canal constitute one _____.

Answer 4

lamellae, osteon/Haversian system

Question 5

The bones of the face as well as the vertebrae are classified as _____ bones based on their shape. These bones form many articulations with other bones.

Answer 5

irregular

Question 6

A layer of regular dense connective tissue called the _____ covers the surface of bones such as the radius or tibia. This tissue is continuous with the tissue that makes up ligaments.

Answer 6

periosteum

Question 7

Endosteum lines the __________ of long bones.

Answer 7

medullary

Question 8

The bones of the cranium, ribs, and scapulae have broad surfaces and are categorized as ____ bones based on their shape.

Answer 8

flat

Question 9

Relatively large blood vessels and nerves are found in passageways called ______. Smaller branches from these blood vessels and nerves are found in osteonic canals.

Answer 9

perforating canals/Volkmans canal

Question 10

A special type of short bone, which is embedded in a tendon adjacent to a joint, is called a(n) ____ bone. The patella is an example of this type of bone.

Answer 10

sesamoid or round

Question 11

In both compact and cancellous bone tissue, osteocytes are found in chambers called

Answer 11

lacunae

Question 12

The shaft of a long bone is properly called the ______ while the ends of a long bone are properly called the ______.

Answer 12

diaphysis, epiphyses

Question 13

The______ of an osteon contains blood vessels and nerves.

Answer 13

central or Haversian canal

Question 14

Bones found in the arms, legs, hands, feet, and digits are all classified as ____ bones based on their shape.

Answer 14

long

Question 15

Moving a body part toward the midline of the body is called

Answer 15

adduction

Question 16

what is defined as bending a joint such that the angle between the bones is decreased.

Answer 16

flexion

Question 17

The shoulder and hip have wide ranges of motion. This is called ______ movement because motion in all planes is possible.

Answer 17

multiaxial

Question 18

A joint is said to be ___ if no movement is possible. Some of the fibrous joints fit this description.

Answer 18

synarthrotic

Question 19

Moving a body part around a central axis is called

Answer 19

rotation

Question 20

All synovial joints are, by definition, _____ regarding their range of motion, even if some are nonaxial and limited to sliding or twisting motions.

Answer 20

diarthrotic

Question 21

When you bend and straighten your arm at the elbow, the movement is all in one plane. This is called ____ movement.

Answer 21

uniaxial

Question 22

If a joint has limited motion, it is classified as _________. Some of the cartilaginous joints fit this description.

Answer 22

amphiarthrotic

Question 23

Straightening a joint beyond its normal anatomical position, known as __________, can lead to injury but for some joints is a perfectly normal movement.

Answer 23

hyperextension

Question 24

what is defined as moving a body part away from the midline of
the body.

Answer 24

abduction

Question 25

Moving a body part such that its end follows a circular path is called

Answer 25

circumduction

Question 26

what is defined as straightening a joint such that the angle between the bones is increased.

Answer 26

extension

Question 27

If bones are held together solely by dense fibrous connective tissue, the joint formed is a type of ______. If bones are held together by cartilage, the joint formed is a type of _______. When bones are held by dense fibrous connective tissue that forms a fluid-filled joint capsule, the joint formed is a type of ________.

Answer 27

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 28

If flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction are possible at a joint, the joint has movement in two
planes. This is called the _____ movement.

Answer 28

biaxial