Lab Exercise 4: Bones and Joints Flashcards
Microscopic passageways through which processes from osteocytes extend are called _____. These passageways allow osteocytes to communicate with each other via
specialized gap junctions.
canaliculi
If a bone’s width and length are approximately equal, the bone is classified as ___ based on its shape. The bones of the wrist and ankle fit this category.
short
The plates of bony tissue in cancellous bone tissue are called ____. Red bone marrow fills the spaces between these plates.
trabeculae
Bone tissue is laid down in concentric rings of tissue called ______. All of the rings of tissue surrounding one central canal constitute one _____.
lamellae, osteon/Haversian system
The bones of the face as well as the vertebrae are classified as _____ bones based on their shape. These bones form many articulations with other bones.
irregular
A layer of regular dense connective tissue called the _____ covers the surface of bones such as the radius or tibia. This tissue is continuous with the tissue that makes up ligaments.
periosteum
Endosteum lines the __________ of long bones.
medullary
The bones of the cranium, ribs, and scapulae have broad surfaces and are categorized as ____ bones based on their shape.
flat
Relatively large blood vessels and nerves are found in passageways called ______. Smaller branches from these blood vessels and nerves are found in osteonic canals.
perforating canals/Volkmans canal
A special type of short bone, which is embedded in a tendon adjacent to a joint, is called a(n) ____ bone. The patella is an example of this type of bone.
sesamoid or round
In both compact and cancellous bone tissue, osteocytes are found in chambers called
lacunae
The shaft of a long bone is properly called the ______ while the ends of a long bone are properly called the ______.
diaphysis, epiphyses
The______ of an osteon contains blood vessels and nerves.
central or Haversian canal
Bones found in the arms, legs, hands, feet, and digits are all classified as ____ bones based on their shape.
long
Moving a body part toward the midline of the body is called
adduction
what is defined as bending a joint such that the angle between the bones is decreased.
flexion
The shoulder and hip have wide ranges of motion. This is called ______ movement because motion in all planes is possible.
multiaxial
A joint is said to be ___ if no movement is possible. Some of the fibrous joints fit this description.
synarthrotic
Moving a body part around a central axis is called
rotation
All synovial joints are, by definition, _____ regarding their range of motion, even if some are nonaxial and limited to sliding or twisting motions.
diarthrotic
When you bend and straighten your arm at the elbow, the movement is all in one plane. This is called ____ movement.
uniaxial
If a joint has limited motion, it is classified as _________. Some of the cartilaginous joints fit this description.
amphiarthrotic
Straightening a joint beyond its normal anatomical position, known as __________, can lead to injury but for some joints is a perfectly normal movement.
hyperextension
what is defined as moving a body part away from the midline of
the body.
abduction
Moving a body part such that its end follows a circular path is called
circumduction
what is defined as straightening a joint such that the angle between the bones is increased.
extension
If bones are held together solely by dense fibrous connective tissue, the joint formed is a type of ______. If bones are held together by cartilage, the joint formed is a type of _______. When bones are held by dense fibrous connective tissue that forms a fluid-filled joint capsule, the joint formed is a type of ________.
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
If flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction are possible at a joint, the joint has movement in two
planes. This is called the _____ movement.
biaxial
