Muscular System

Question 1

which kind of muscles have to have nerves to contract

Answer 1

skeletal muscles

Question 2

which cell has the stimulus

Answer 2

each cell needs its own stimulus

Question 3

what is each cell covered by?

Answer 3

connective tissue

Question 4

what is the aponeuroses

Answer 4

a band of fasica, found on flat muscle. ex: epicranius

Question 5

what is a tendon

Answer 5

its an extension of fascia, attaching bone to muscle

Question 6

what is a epimysium

Answer 6

its located under the fascia and it covers the muscle but doesn’t extend past the muscle

Question 7

what is the perimysium

Answer 7

covers each individual cell

Question 8

where is the endomysium found

Answer 8

the surface of every cell

Question 9

what is a fascicle made of and what is it covered by

Answer 9

it is made of muscle cells and covered by the perimysium

Question 10

which is larger; a filament or a myofibril

Answer 10

myofibril

Question 11

how many myofibrils is one cell made of

Answer 11

thousands

Question 12

what is a sacrolemma

Answer 12

a term for cell membrane of a skeletal cell

Question 13

whats the smallest unit of contraction

Answer 13

sacromere

Question 14

does each cell have one nucleus

Answer 14

each cell has more than one nucleus

Question 15

what is a striation

Answer 15

characteristic of skeletal and cardiac muscles; it is an arrangement of filaments

Question 16

what is a fascicle

Answer 16

a collection of cells

Question 17

what is a sarcomere

Answer 17

area of one z-line to the next

Question 18

what happens when a muscle contracts

Answer 18

the z line moves towards each other; meaning the I band disappears

Question 19

what does the A band consist of

Answer 19

only myosin

Question 20

whats the I ban consist of

Answer 20

only actin

Question 21

whats one thing that has to happen for a muscle to contract

Answer 21

the myosin has to bind to actin

Question 22

what is a protein complex

Answer 22

two proteins working together

Question 23

where are the binding sites located

Answer 23

on the actin

Question 24

what does a triad consist of

Answer 24

transverse tubule, terminal cisternae, and sacromere

Question 25

what’s the purpose of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 25

envelop the myofibrils

Question 26

what is the terminal cisternae

Answer 26

where calcium is stored

Question 27

what do the transverse tubules connect to

Answer 27

the cell membrane

Question 28

what is a motor unit

Answer 28

a motor nerve and all the individual cells it controls

Question 29

what is a neuromuscular junction

Answer 29

place where a nerve communicates with a muscle

Question 30

what type of muscle has to have a message in order to contract

Answer 30

skeletal muscle

Question 31

what is acetylcholine

Answer 31

its a type of neurotransmitter, that eventually gets wiped out by an enzyme

Question 32

what is acetylcholinesterase

Answer 32

the enzyme that removes acetylcholine

Question 33

what is the motor end plate

Answer 33

the only place where sodium ligand-gated channels are; the only place where the nerve can talk to the muscle

Question 34

with the sliding filament model, do myofibrils change in length or do the filaments change in length

Answer 34

the myofibrils change in length; the z lines come closer, therefore each sarcomere becomes shorter

Question 35

why are the orientation of the heads on the myosin important

Answer 35

its important because of the way the heads are determine which direction it pulls; facing to the left then they are pulling to the right

Question 36

what happens when you reach the axon terminal

Answer 36

the voltage gated ion channels open

Question 37

what does calcium bind to

Answer 37

troponin

Question 38

what happens after the calcium binds to the troponin

Answer 38

it causes troponin and tropomyosin shift and exposes the binding sites, then the myosin can attach to the actin

Question 39

why does calcium exit the cell in the transverse tubule?

Answer 39

because of the gradient

Question 40

whats the purpose of the transverse tubule

Answer 40

to carry impulse deep into interior