Muscular System Part 2 Flashcards
when do you use stored ATP
when you have to jump up randomly
if you have less strength, then you have
more flexibility
if you have more strength, then you have
less flexibility
what is the reversible reaction for creatine phosphate
CP + ADP <–> ATP + C
whats the purpose of creatine phosphate
to make ATP in one step
how long does creatine phosphate last for
maybe 10 seconds
in anaerobic respiration, what is the energy source
glucose
what does the glucose produce in anaerobic respiration
glycolysis in the cytosol; glycolysis is two glucose molecules split apart
what does the glycolysis then generates how much ATP
2 molecules
is oxygen used in anaerobic respiration
no
what does lactic acid build up affect
it affects the enzyme and you cant continue because there is a change in pH
how does lactic acid build up release
it goes into the blood stream which is then processed out through the liver
what are the products of anaerobic respiration
2 ATP per glucose, and lactic acid
what is the duration of energy provided in anaerobic respiration
30-40 seconds
what is the first energy source in aerobic respiration
glucose
what happens at the pyruvic acid stage of the aerobic pathway
the pyruvic acid is the decision point
when does the pyruvic acid enter the mitochondria during aerobic respiration
it enters the mitochondria when their is adequate oxygen
what is needed in order for fatty acids and amino acids to make more energy
oxygen
when doesn’t lactic acid produce
when there is an adequate amount of oxygen
is oxygen required in aerobic respiration
yes
what does aerobic respiration produce
32 ATP per glucose, CO2, H2O
what is the duration of energy provided in aerobic respiration
hours
can glucose be stored
no, but glycogen can be stored
how much glycogen do you have in aerobic respiration
enough for 2 hours of energy
what does the decision point during pyruvic acid depend on
the availability of oxygen
where does the process for aerobic respiration occur
within the cytoplasm (cytosol)
what type of contraction is a concentric contraction
isotonic contraction
what type of contraction is a eccentric contraction
isotonic contraction
what type of contraction is a isometric contraction
isometric contraction
what contraction does length change, but force stays the same
concentric contractions and eccentric contractions
what contraction does length stays the same but force changes
isometric contraction
what type of contraction makes you sore
eccentric contraction
what is a slow twitch muscle fiber good for
endurance
which muscle fiber has tons of mitochondria
slow twitch
which muscle fibers have not many mitochondria
fast twitch glycolytic
which muscle fiber cell doesnt have much strength
slow twitch
what muscle fiber cell produces glycolysis
fast twitch glycolytic
what do white blood cells lack
myoglobin
which muscle fiber cell is powerful
fast twitch glycolytic
what cause blood cells to be red
myoglobin binds to oxygen which is what makes it red
which muscle fiber cell has less endurance
fast twitch glycolytic
which muscle fiber cell doesnt store myoglobin
fast twitch intermediate
where are different fiber types found
all muscles, which are organs
how is smooth muscle different than skeletal muscle
smooth muscle has no epimysium, perimysium, fascicles, or endomysium. it also has no striation or t tubules but has a well-defined sarcoplasmic reticulum
why does smooth muscle have no t tubules
because the current is traveling from cell to cell, there’s no need for it to go deep into the cell membrane
why does smooth muscle not have an endomysium
because smooth muscle has gap junctions that allow cell communication
where is the nucleus of smooth muscle
in the middle of each cell
in smooth muscle is there myosin and actin
yes, there is a high ratio of myosin and actin which results in more cross-bridge formations per each actin; myosin’s attach to actin more easily
in skeletal muscle, calcium binds to troponin. what does calcium bind to in smooth muscle
calmodulin; this then activates an enzyme that energizes the myosin
what is required to activate myosin
ATP
how do you relax smooth muscle
remove the calcium, back into storage, and into the extracellular environment
what is tone
partial contraction
what is phasic (rhythmic) contractions also known as
single unit smooth muscle
how does urine go from kidneys to urinary bladder
through the rhythmic contractions; this happens several times a minute
why are contractions slower in smooth muscle
because there is no t-tubules
does smooth muscles need a nerve impulse
no
can smooth muscle stretch
smooth muscle can stretch up to 270 percent more than skeletal muscle
