Chapter 3: Tissues and Skin

Question 1

what is a tissue

Answer 1

layers or groups of similar cells

Question 2

what are the four main types of tissue

Answer 2

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue

Question 3

what is a tight junction

Answer 3

a tight junction is like seams on clothing. no spaces, the cell membranes are fused

Question 4

what is a desmosome

Answer 4

acts like a buttoned shirt, allowing small holes for solutes to pass. it is found on the epidermis

Question 5

what is the purpose of a gap junction

Answer 5

allows for cytoplasmic exchange, allowing contents of one cell to go t another

Question 6

what is the purpose of a hemidesmosome

Answer 6

it anchors the cell to something extracellular (protein fibers, etc)

Question 7

where is epithelial tissue found

Answer 7

it is always found on the surface

Question 8

which tissues are dependent on diffusion

Answer 8

epithelial tissues because they lack blood vessels

Question 9

what are characteristics only epithelial tissues have

Answer 9

tightly packed single (simple) or multiple (stratified) layer(s) of cells, cells are squamous(like a laptop), cuboidal, or columnar. they cover organs, line body cavities, form protective barriers, attach to the basement membrane, reproduce rapidly, and lack blood vessels

Question 10

which tissues may never touch?

Answer 10

connective tissue

Question 11

what is a collagenous (collagen) fibers?

Answer 11

bundles of thick, flexible fibers. collagen is found in bundles and tears if there is too much resistance

Question 12

what is elastic fibers

Answer 12

are stretchy fibers, but go back to normal after being stretched

Question 13

what are characteristics of a muscle tissue

Answer 13

not all require neural input, capable of contraction (gets shorter not longer), many proteins filaments in the cytoplasm, muscle cells = muscle fibers

Question 14

is a fiber and filament the same thing

Answer 14

no, a whole muscle is a fiber, and within the cell are filaments

Question 15

what are the differences between the proteins in connective tissue and the proteins in muscle tissue?

Answer 15

in connective tissue the proteins are outside the cell membrane in the matrix, and in the muscle tissue the proteins are inside the cell

Question 16

what is exteroception

Answer 16

the ability to feel things at the surface

Question 17

why is vitamin d production important

Answer 17

vitamin D absorbs calcium

Question 18

what are the general functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 18

1. protection and immunity
2. exteroception: ability to feel things at the surface
3. regulation of body temp: changing of blood flow, sweating
4. vitamin D production
5. excretion (minimal) : loss of metabolic waste product

Question 19

what are sweat glands

Answer 19

they are glands that have ducts

Question 20

what does SIMPLE cuboidal epithelium tell us?

Answer 20

simple tells us that there is one layer of cells

Question 21

what does STRATIFIED squamous epithelium tell us?

Answer 21

stratified tells us there is many layers of cells

Question 22

what does a squamous cell look like

Answer 22

long and flat

Question 23

where is adipose tissue found

Answer 23

layer right under the skin found on the palms and bottoms of feet

Question 24

what’s an adipocyte?

Answer 24

individual cell name for adipose

Question 25

what does the word dense mean in dense fibrous connective

Answer 25

tightly packed

Question 26

what does irregular mean

Answer 26

no pattern

Question 27

what shape is a smooth muscle

Answer 27

spindle shape with fat in the center

Question 28

what are the proteins in smooth muscle bound by?

Answer 28

cell membranes

Question 29

what are the two layers of the skin

Answer 29

dermis and epidermis

Question 30

what is the subcutaneous layer

Answer 30

it is a layer beneath the skin, but not an actual layer of the skin

Question 31

what are the layers of the epidermis defined by

Answer 31

life versus death of the skin cells

Question 32

what is keratin

Answer 32

protein

Question 33

what is the stratum basale

Answer 33

its the base, these cells undergo cell division

Question 34

what happens in the stratum granulosum

Answer 34

cells are starting to suffer, therefore the cell organelle begin to shrivel

Question 35

what is the purpose of the stratum lucidum

Answer 35

prevents blistering, they are found where callus's are

Question 36

what is the stratum corneum

Answer 36

dead cells, sacks of keratin are found here which makes our skin water proof

Question 37

what does keratinocyte do

Answer 37

makes keratin

Question 38

what attaches to the basement membrane

Answer 38

cells

Question 39

what is a melanosome

Answer 39

a spherical structure; membrane on the outside, and melanin on the inside

Question 40

how many layers does the dermis have

Answer 40

2; the papillary layer and the reticular layer. there is no line or barrier separating the two. the reticular layer contains irregular dense fibers

Question 41

what are some features of the dermis

Answer 41

1. dermal papillae: raised up mounds 2. upper papillary layer 3. lower reticular layer 4. arrector pili muscle (smooth muscle) 5. some skeletal muscle attachments 6. blood vessels 7. sensory receptors 8. accessory organs (hair, glands)

Question 42

what does hypodermis mean

Answer 42

the layer is beneath the skin

Question 43

what is a sebaceous gland mean

Answer 43

only associated with hair follicles, and it secretes product by the same process as holocrine glands