Nervous system - General, neurons and nerves (dave's notes)

Question 1

What are the parts of the central nervous system?

Answer 1

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 2

What are the parts of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

The cranial and spinal nerves and associated ganglia

Question 3

What two components do both the central and peripheral nervous systems have?

Answer 3

Somatic and autonomic components

Question 4

What is the somatic component of the nervous system responsible for?

Answer 4

Innervation of skeletal muscle (efferent pathways) and relay of sensory information (afferent pathways)

Question 5

What is the autonomic component of the nervous system responsible for?

Answer 5

Control of cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands (afferent and efferent pathways)

Question 6

What does an axon do? What does it give off?

Answer 6

Axons conduct impulses away from the cell body and may give off collaterals and terminal branches to many target cells

Question 7

What is a function of dendrites?

Answer 7

Dendrites are often very short but expand the surface for reception of stimuli

Question 8

What do synapses do?

Answer 8

Allow for the transfer of information

Question 9

Cell bodies with a similar function tend to group themselves together. What does this form in the CNS and PNS?

Answer 9

Nuclei(CNS) or ganglia (PNS)

Question 10

What did astrocytes and oligodendrocytes develop from?

Answer 10

Ectoderm

Question 11

Microglial cells are …….

Answer 11

phagocytic

Question 12

What is mylenation in the CNS made from? What about in the PNS?

Answer 12

Oligodendrocytes CNS, shwann cells PNS

Question 13

What do joints of myelin cells form?

Answer 13

Nodes (of Ranvier)

Question 14

Nerves are of different size and function. Which are the largest and smallest?

Answer 14

Largest: Motor or proprioceptive
Smallest: Autonomic or sensory

Question 15

What size are group C nerves? What is their function? Are they myelinated?

Answer 15

Up to 2um, unmyelinated, postganglionic touch and pain

Question 16

What size are group b nerves? What is their function? Are they myelinated?

Answer 16

Up to 3um, myelinated, preganglionic autocrine

Question 17

What are the four types of group A nerves?

Answer 17

Alpha, beta, gamma, sigma

Question 18

What is the size and role of group a alpha nerves?

Answer 18

12-20um, for motor and proprioception

Question 19

What is the size and role of group a beta nerves?

Answer 19

5-12um touch pressure and proprioception

Question 20

What is the size and role of group a gamma nerves?

Answer 20

5-12um fusimotor to muscle spindles

Question 21

What is the size and role of group a sigma nerves?

Answer 21

1-15um touch, pain and temperature