Blood vessels and lymphatics (dave's notes)

Question 1

Vascular patterns can vary significantly. What remains relatively constant?

Answer 1

The field of supply

Question 2

How do veins differ from arteries of the same field?

Answer 2

Veins are larger than their corresponding arteries and are often double due to a much lower flow rate

Question 3

What is the venous return of the hand and foot?

Answer 3

By way of the dorsum

Question 4

What do large veins have around them? What does this allow? What else is commonly located in this area?

Answer 4

Dead space, allows great dilatation, commonly contains regional lymph nodes

Question 5

Veins and arteries are constructed in layers. What are capillaries constructed of?

Answer 5

Flattened endothelial cells, nothing else.

Question 6

What are the layers of veins and arteries?

Answer 6

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

Question 7

Describe the tunica intima. How does this layer differ between arteries and veins?

Answer 7

Has an endothelial lining with connective tissue. In arteries contains the internal elastic lamina.

Question 8

What does the tunica media contain?

Answer 8

Circular smooth muscle fibres plus external elastic lamina

Question 9

What is the tunica adventitia?

Answer 9

An outer connective tissue layer

Question 10

Which layer is much thinner in veins compared to arteries?

Answer 10

The tunica media.

Question 11

Venous valves are very common and prevent retrograde blood flow. How many valves does the great saphenous vein have? Which veins have no true valves?

Answer 11

About 15

Truncal veins and the head and neck veins

Question 12

What two types of arterial anastomoses exist?

Answer 12

Actual and potential anastomoses

Question 13

Give five examples of an actual arterial anastomosis

Answer 13

Labial facial a
IC a
Uterine and ovarian a
greater and lesser arteries of stomach
mesentary

Question 14

Give two examples of potential arterial anastomoses

Answer 14

Cornonary

Cortical

Question 15

Where there are no pre capillary anastomoses, what are the arteries that supply these regions called?

Answer 15

End arteries

Question 16

Give five examples of end arteries

Answer 16

Liver
Spleen
Lung
Medulla of CNS
Straight mesenteric branches

Question 17

In general, what vessels does lymph follow?

Answer 17

Superficial lymph follows veins while deep lymphatics follows arteries except the tongue

Question 18

Lymph may drain by one of several routs and drainage may vary depending on a variety of flow factors. Give three clinically relevant examples

Answer 18

• Clinical spread of cancer does not always follow clearly defined paths
• Lymphatics communicate freely with veins in many parts
• The thoracic duct may be ligated with impunity as lymph finds its way via other channels