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BI0005 > Nervous System 4- Senses and Reflex > Flashcards

Nervous System 4- Senses and Reflex Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the components of Physiological Control Systems

A

SENSOR (RECEPTOR) -> Afferent Pathway -> CONTROL CENTRE -> Efferent pathway -> EFFECTOR

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2
Q

What connects the afferent and efferent neurone

A

An interneurone

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3
Q

Which parts of the neurones are located in the CNS

A

The interneurone and the cell body of the efferent neurone

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4
Q

Describe a reflex arc (Sophie Assults Sam Every Normal Monday)

A

Sense organ -> Afferent neurone -> Synapse -> Efferent neurone -> Neuromuscular junction -> Muscle

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5
Q

What are reflex arcs?

A

“In-built” responses which are present from birth. Not under voluntary control

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6
Q

What can generator potentials be stimulated by

A

Sensory stimulus (e.g. mechanical stimulation)

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7
Q

What does EPSP stand for

A

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential

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8
Q

What happens is small transient depolarisations are big enough

A

They evoke an action potential if they reach the threshold

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9
Q

How do cells communicate with each other

A

Via synapses

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10
Q

Describe the components of a synapse

A

Pre-synaptic neurone -> synapse -> post-synaptic neurone

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11
Q

What is convergence

A

When lots of neurones send signals to one individual neurone

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12
Q

What is divergence

A

When one neurone sends signals to lots of neurones

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13
Q

What is summation

A

When signals combine

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14
Q

What are the three types of summation

A
  1. Temporal 2. Spatial 3. EPSP-IPSP cancellation
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15
Q

What is temporal sumation

A

Related to time. Same stimulus over period of time

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16
Q

What is spatial summation

A

Related to space. If close together only need a few signals from each to reach the threshold

17
Q

What is EPSP-IPSP cancellation

A

One causes hyperpolarisation, the other caused depolarisation. They cancel eachother out resulting in no action potential.

18
Q

What are the two characteristics of receptors

A

They have high specificity and high sensitivity

19
Q

What does receptors having high specificity mean

A

They respond more readily to one particular stimulus (e.g. pressure, temperature)

20
Q

What does receptors having high sensitivity mean

A

They are extremely sensitive to a determined stimulus (e.g. olfactory stimulus can respond to a few odour molecules the air)

21
Q

There is only one type of skin receptor- true/ false

A

False, there are many different types of skin receptors each with detecting different things and adapting at different rates

22
Q

What are two effectors

A

Muscles and glands

23
Q

What are the two types of effector glands

A

Exocrine and endocrine

24
Q

What do exocrine effector glands do

A

Secrete into the bloodstream

25
Q

What do endocrine effector glands do

A

Secrete into a specific place (e.g. salivary)

26
Q

What does a stimulus do

A

It causes action potentials along a sensory axon

27
Q

What is an example of a somatic reflex

A

The stretch reflex

28
Q

Describe the stretch relex

A

Receptors in quadriceps -> CNS -> motor neurones -> flexor contracts and knee moves flicking leg up/ extensor contracts and knee moves flicking leg down

29
Q

What are the characteristic of a somatic reflex arc

A

Via the spinal chord, fast

30
Q

What are the characteristics of a autonomic reflex arc

A

More interneurones so not as quick as the somatic reflex

31
Q

What is an example of a autonomic reflex arc

A

The light reflex

32
Q

Describe the light reflex arc

A
  1. Optic nerve receptors in the retina detect light. 2. Info travels via optic nerve fibres to brain 3. Cranial nerve III from brain to papillary sphincter 4. Papillary sphincter = either contract or dilate iris
33
Q

What does an increase in arterial pressure result in

A

increase in firing of baroreceptors -> increase in parasympathetic outflow to heart & decrease in sympathetic outflow to heart, arterioles, veins

34
Q

Reflexes are under voluntary control- true/ false

A

FALSE, reflexes are not under voluntary control and most are present from birth

BI0005 (21 decks)

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