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BI0005 > Nervous System 2- Organisation > Flashcards

Nervous System 2- Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is innervation

A

The nerve supply of

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2
Q

What does a motor neurone do

A

Cause movement

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3
Q

What does a sensory neurone do

A

Responds to a stimulus

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4
Q

What does afferent mean

A

Towards

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5
Q

What does efferent mean

A

Away from

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6
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do

A

Controls the contraction of skeletal muscles of the body

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7
Q

What are somatic motorneurones

A

Efferent neurones sending nerve impulses (action potentials) which cause muscle contractions

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8
Q

What is voluntary muscle action

A

Intentional

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9
Q

Why is involuntary muscle action

A

Unintentional (e.g. postural muscles)

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10
Q

Muscle actions controlled by the somatic nervous system are either

A

Sterotyped or non-stereotyped

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11
Q

What are stereotyped muscle actions

A

Simple, repetitive

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12
Q

What are non-stereotyped muscle actions

A

Complex and individual to each person

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13
Q

What exerts control over motor neurones

A

The CNS

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14
Q

What 2 functional divisions is the autonomic nervous system made up of

A

Parasympathetic and sympathetic

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15
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system

A

‘rest and digest’

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16
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system

A

‘fight or flight’

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17
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the eye

A

Sympathetic = dilates pupil. Parasympathetic = contracts pupil

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18
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the tear glands

A

Sympathetic= no action. Parasympathetic = stimulates tear secretion

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19
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the heart

A

Sympathetic = speeds up heart rate. Parasympathetic = slows down heart rate

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20
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the lungs

A

Sympathetic = dilates bronchi. Parasympathetic = constricts bronchi

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21
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the intestine

A

Sympathetic = inhibits peristalsis. Parasympathetic = stimulates peristalsis

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22
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the bladder

A

Sympathetic = inhibits urination. Parasympathetic = stimulates urination

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23
Q

What are the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on the liver

A

Sympathetic = stimulates glucose production. Parasympathetic = stimulates bile production

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24
Q

What exerts control over the autonomic motor neurones

A

The central nervous system

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25
Q

What happens in the control the ANS has on the CNS is damaged

A

A rapid rise in blood pressure that can causes a stroke or even be fatal

26
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the CNS

A
  1. Cerebral hemisphere 2. Cerebellum 3. Brainstem 4. Spinal chord
27
Q

What is the name of the membranes that surround the entire nervous system

A

Meninges

28
Q

What is the space between the meninges and CNS filled with

A

Cerebro spinal fluid

29
Q

What is the function of cerebro spinal fluid

A

To allow the brain to float, protecting the brain physically. To maintain a stable chemical environment. Allowing the brain to float means it is weightless. Brain tissue is very soft so blood can only flow if the brain is weightless

30
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the cerebral hemisphere

A
  1. Cerebral cortex 2. Motor nuclei 3. Thalamus 4. Hypothalamus
31
Q

Describe the cerebral cortex

A

The sensory region where pathways end

32
Q

Describe the motor nuclei

A

They control movement of messages down the spinal chord

33
Q

Describe the thalamus

A

It is a big area made up of individual neurones lumped together

34
Q

Describe the hypothalamus

A

A collection of neurones underneath the thalamus with 2 functions: 1. controlling the endocrine system 2. Controlling the ANS

35
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the brainstem

A
  1. Midbrain 2. Pons 3. Medulla
36
Q

Describe the midbrain

A

Connected to the cerebral hemisphere

37
Q

Describe the pons

A

Major connections with the cerebellum

38
Q

Describe the medulla

A

Connected to the spinal chord, has motor and sensory autonomic roles

39
Q

Describe the cerebellum

A

It is called the ‘little brain’ and is involved in the co-ordination of motor function and balance

40
Q

What is the CNS divided into

A

Grey and white matter

41
Q

What is grey matter in the CNS

A

Neurone cell bodies grouped into nuclei

42
Q

What is white matter in the CNS

A

Myelinated axons which form tracts

43
Q

What is the spinal chord protected by

A

The vertebral column (spine)

44
Q

Where are the somatic and autonomic motor neurones of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) located

A

In the spinal chord

45
Q

What is the PNS connected to and what is is controlled by

A

Connected to and controlled by the CNS

46
Q

What does the PNS control

A

The body from the neck down

47
Q

What two parts is a spinal flex arc composed of

A

Dorsal root and ventral root

48
Q

Describe the position and function of the dorsal root

A

Posterior (back) and function is sensory

49
Q

Describe the position and function of a ventral root

A

Anterior (front) and function is motor

50
Q

What is a spinal chord made up of

A

Repeating units of roots

51
Q

Which ordinary sensations can be detected by a spinal relfex arc

A

Touch, pressure, pain, temperature

52
Q

What are the 4 functional components of a spinal nerve

A

GSE (general sensory efferent) GVE (general visceral efferent) GVA (general visceral afferent) GSA (general sensory afferent)

53
Q

What does the general sensory efferent (GSE) do

A

Motor neurones -> skeletal muscles. Somatic

54
Q

What does the general sensory afferent (GSA) do

A

Discriminative touch, pain, temp from skin, joints, muscle. Somatic

55
Q

What does the general visceral efferent (GVE) do

A

Motor neurone -> viscera. Visceral

56
Q

What does the general visceral afferent (GVA) do

A

Detects sensation in the viscera

57
Q

What are the 5 special sense

A
  1. Vision 2. Hearing 3. Smell 4. Taste 5. Balance
58
Q

What are the special senses controlled by

A

Cranial nerves

59
Q

What two types on neurones make up the peripheral nervous system

A

Somatic and visceral

60
Q

Where are the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, brainstem and spinal chord located

A

BI0005 (21 decks)

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