Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BI0005 > Intro to Human Physiology > Flashcards

Intro to Human Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is physiology

A

The study of the normal functioning of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What us the structural organisation of an organism

A

cells -> tissues -> organs -> organ systems -> organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give an example of a cell

A

muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give examples of tissue

A

Muscle, connective, blood vessels, nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give an example of an organ

A

Tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give an example of a system

A

Digestive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two types of cells

A

Sheets and tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of a sheet (lamina) cell

A

Epithelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the functions of the epithelia (Pengiuns Sense Approaching Dogs Suspiciously)

A

Protection Secretion Absorption Dialysis Sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do epithelial cells offer protection

A

Skin, oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do epithelial cells offer secretion

A

Sweat, mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do epithelial cells offer absorption

A

Intestinal lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When do epithelial cells offer dialysis

A

Filtration in the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do epithelial cells provide sensation

A

Skin, stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe this diagram

A

Round ring = tubule

Other cells = glandular tissue e.g. producing saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name 3 cells which contract

A
  1. Cardiac muscle cell
  2. Skeletal muscle cell
  3. Smooth muscle cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe 4 characteristcs of the extracellular matrix (ECM)

A
  • A supporting tissue that surrounds cells (packing tissue)
  • Produced by specialised cells such as fibroblasts
  • Composed of extracellular fluid (ground substance) and fibres such as collagen and elastin
  • Very important in cells/ organs that are subjected to physical stress: skin, bones, joints, tendons, bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is extracellular fluid

A

Made up of plamsa (fluid part of blood) and interstitial fluid.

Interstitial describes space between 2 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does a cell receive oxygen and get rid of CO2

A

Via the ECF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a cell plasma membrane

A

A fluid bilayer with protiens embedded in it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the plasma membrane composed of

A

Integral proteins embedded in the plasma membrane.

Some proteins are connected to glycolipids allowing the cell to attach to material in the extracellular matrix.

Protein pores/ channels aloows controlled flow of ions/ H2O in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the six membrane properties vital to physiological processes

A
  1. Permeability
  2. Responding to molecular signals by specific RECEPTORS to which molecules bind
  3. Housing specific enzymes in the membrane to control certain chemical reactions
  4. Cell adhesion proteins
  5. Active transport processes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the features of the plasma membrane layer in terms of permability

A

The hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer prevents the passage of water soluble substances between the intra-cellular fluid and extra-cellular fluid.

BUT some membrane proteins form channels thorugh which water soluble ions can flow. Channels canbe opened and closed as required.

Some cell types have carrier molecules to transport specific molecules into the cells, e.g. iodine into thyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the features of the plasma membrane layer in terms of responding to molecular signals by specific RECEPTORS to which molecules can bind

A

Growth factors, neurotransmitters bind. Initiate a series of intracellular events that change a cells activity.

Whatever a receptor responds to it always results in something happening in th nucleus = gene expression = protein production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do growth factors binding to receptors result in

A

Cell division

26
Q

What do neurotransmitters binding to cells result in

A

Nerve action

27
Q

Describe the features of the plasma membrane layer in terms of housing specific enzymes in the membrane

A

The specific enzmes housed in the membrane control certain chemical reactions

28
Q

Describe the features of the plasma membrane layer in terms of cell adhesion proteins

A

Hold cells together e.g. integrins

29
Q

Describe the features of the plasma membrane layer in terms of active transport

A

Active transport processes such as exocytosis and endocytosis occur

30
Q

What is exocytosis

A

Expelling things out of the cell

31
Q

What is endocytosis

A

Taking things into the cell

32
Q

Which two types of cells last your whole life

A
  1. Nerve cells (neurones)
  2. Skeletal muscle cells
33
Q

What are the two reasons cells need to be repaired

A

Due to ‘wear and tear’ (most)

Needed for wound healing

34
Q

What is the source of new cells

A

Stem cells that divide by mitosis to replace old/ damaged/ worn out cells

35
Q

Why is dehydration a killer

a.k.a why must the internal environement be kept stable

A

It is vital to keep the internal environement stable in order for cells to function properly

(chemical and temperature enviroments)

36
Q

What does homeostatic failure lead to

A

A pathological state (disease)

37
Q

What is a vital role of all phyiological systems

A

Maintenance of homeostasis

38
Q

What two factors must be kept constant to maintain a functioning cell

A

Chemical and physical factors

39
Q

What chemical factors must be kept constant in a cell

A
  1. Nutrients
  2. O2 and CO2
  3. Waste products
  4. pH
  5. Water
  6. Soluble electrolytes
40
Q

What physical factors must be kept constant

A
  1. Temperature
  2. Volume
  3. Pressure
41
Q

What 5 physiological systems interact with the external and internal environment

(Sally Never Makes Indigo Rice)

A
  1. Integumentary system- the skin
  2. Nervous system
  3. Musculoskeletal system
  4. Immune system
  5. Respiratory system
42
Q

How does the skin interact between the internal and external environement

A
  • Retention of internal fluids
  • Keeps bacteria, viruses and chemicals out
  • Contributes to temperature regulation (sweat glands, blood vessels)
43
Q

How does the nervous system interact between the internal and external environement

A

Senses and monitors the external environment

44
Q

How does the musculoskeletal system interact between the internal and external environement

A

Makes you able to respond to the external environment

45
Q

How does the immune system interact between the internal and external environement

A

Protects you against inavders from the external environement

46
Q

How does the respiratory system interact between the internal and external environement

A

Extracts oxygen from the air and returns carbon dioxide to the environment

47
Q

What are the 5 systems that extend throughout the body

(Cats Don’t Urinate Near Elephants)

A
  1. Cardiovascular system
  2. Digestive system
  3. Urinary system
  4. Nervous system
  5. Endocrine system
48
Q

What does the cardiovascular system do

A

Delivers oxygen to all tissues and removes carbon dioxide

49
Q

What does the digestive system do

A

Obtains food and water, utilises it and returns undigested food to the exterior

50
Q

What does the urinary system do

A

Removes waste, excess water, salts etc. from the internal environment by forming and passing out urine

51
Q

What does the nervous system do

A

Controls activities of the body by electrical impulses in the brain and nerves. Physiology of leraning and memory

52
Q

What does the endocrine system do

A

Controls various processes of the body by hormones secreted into, and delivered by, the CVS

53
Q

What does the reproductive system do

A

Keeps the species going to the next generation.

Gametogenesis.

Major contribution to human behaviour.

(not directly involved in homeostasis)

54
Q

What is gametogenesis

A

The basis of human evolution by neneficial genetic mutations

55
Q

What is negative feedback in physiology

A

How the body detects changes in the internal environment which need to be controlled in order to maintain homeostasis

56
Q

What are instrinsic control systems

A

Ones within the body/ organ

57
Q

What are extrinsic control systems

A

Ones outside the body/ organ

58
Q

Describe the flow chart

A

Decrease in blood pressure = stimulation in response (+)

Increase in blood pressure = inhibit in response (-)

59
Q

In a flow chart what does + mean

A

Stimulates

60
Q

In a flow chart what does - mean

A

inhibits

BI0005 (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions