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BI0005 > Muscles- Striated and Smooth > Flashcards

Muscles- Striated and Smooth Flashcards

1
Q

Where are striated muscles present

A

In skeletal muscle and in the heart (cardiac) muscle

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2
Q

What type of muscle is this

A

Striated muscle

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3
Q

What are the three main parts of skeletal muscle

A
  1. Epimysium 2. Perimysium 3. Endomysium
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4
Q

What holds the muscle together

A

Connective tissue

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5
Q

What are the 3 connective tissue elements of skeletal muscle main from

A

Collagen and fibroblasts

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6
Q

What does connective tissue provide

A

A route for blood vessels and nerves to get to teh muscle fibre

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7
Q

What is a sarcomere

A

The basic structural unit for muscle contraction

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8
Q

What are the two types of filaments in a muscle

A

Thick myosin and thin actin

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9
Q

What leads to overall shortening (contraction) of a muscle

A

Shortening of individual fibres. Actin filaments are pulled closer together meaning sarcomeres shorten myofibrils and whole muscle shortens.

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10
Q

What are the subcellular organelles involved in muscle contraction

A
  1. Sarcolemma 2. Mitochondria 3. Myofibrils 4. Tubules of sarcoplasmic reticulum. 5. T tubule
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11
Q

What is the basis for shortening or muscle fibres

A

Sliding between muscle filaments is the basis for shortening muscle fibres

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12
Q

Outline the events that lead to contraction in striated muscle

A
  1. Muscle cell is excited (depolarised) by nerve action potential.
  2. Depolarisation carried into the depths of the cell by T-tubules.
  3. Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
  4. Ca2+ binds to troponin, releasing its hold on actin filaments.
  5. Tropomyosin molecules can now change position
  6. Myosin can now bind to actin by cross bridges.
  7. Actin filaments move closer together = contraction.
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13
Q

What are the 3 different types of skeltal muscle fibres

A

Type 1 Type 2A Type 2B

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14
Q

Describe type 1 fibres

A

(slow-oxidative)- ‘slow twitch’, fatigue-resistant

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15
Q

Describe type 2A muscle fibres

A

(fast-oxidative)- ‘fast twitch’, less fatigue resistant than type 1

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16
Q

Describe type 2B muscle finres

A

(fast-glycolytic)- ‘fast twitch’, fatigue easily

17
Q

Which type of muscle fibres are the postural muscles of the neck, back and legs rich in

A

Type 1 fibres

18
Q

Which type of muscle fibres are the muscles of the shoulders and arms rich in

A

Type 2B (short periods of time, large amount of tension)

19
Q

Which type of muscles fibres are the legs rich in

A

Type 1 and Type 2B (walking and running)

20
Q

How do cardiac muscle fibres differ from striated muscle fibres (5 things) Neil Buys Irregular Apples Greviously

A
  1. Nucleus is quite central in cardiac
  2. Cardiac muscle fibres branch
  3. Cardiac muscle fibres have transverse structures called intercalated discs which join neighbouring muscles
  4. Cardiac muscle fibres are instigated by the ANS
  5. Individual cardiac muscle cells are connected by gap junctions
21
Q

What is the purpose of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle fibres

A

To join muscle fibres together for strength

22
Q

What is the function of gap junctions

A

They allow depolarisation of one cell to pass to another

23
Q

What organelle is abundant in both types of striated muscle fibres and why

A

Mitochondria to provide energy as contraction requires a lot of energy

24
Q

Where does smooth (non-striated) muscle occur (5 things Hairy Baboons Itch Nasty Scrotum)

A
  1. Walls of hollow organs. 2. Walls of blood vessels. 3. Iris of the eye 4. Nipples 5. Skin- attached to hair follicules.
25
Q

There are sarcomeres in non-striated muscles- True/False

A

False, there are no sarcomeres

26
Q

Describe smooth muscle cells

A

Long thin cells with long thin nuclei which are 1mm long and 8 um wide

27
Q

How long are smooth muscle cells

A

20um-1mm

28
Q

What is the diameter of smooth muscle cells

A

5-8um

29
Q

What type of cells are these

A

Smooth muscle cells

30
Q

What does the contraction of smooth muscle cells look like

A

Nucleus curls and cell shrinks to 30% of its resting length

31
Q

What is this cell feature

A

A nuclear pole region of a smooth muscle cell

32
Q

What organelles are smooth muscle cells rich in

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, golgi apparatus

33
Q

What type of cell is this and label its features

A

Dense bodies (contain alpha-actin). Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ storage.

34
Q

What is the purpose of intermediate filaments in smooth muscle cells

A

They provide extra support

35
Q

Describe contraction in smooth muscle cells

A

Contraction

36
Q

How are smooth muscle cells organised in blood vessels

A

Circular or spiral

37
Q

How are smooth muscle cells organised in the intestine/ bladder

A

Layered

38
Q

How are smooth muscle cells organised in the uterus

A

Reticular (allows to expand during pregnancy)

39
Q

Why is the smooth muscle cell’s relationship with the ECM important

A

It enables the smooth muscle cell to change in size

BI0005 (21 decks)

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