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Human Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

nervous system

A

the system that coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions + transmits signals between different parts of the body

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2
Q

Two types of cateogories of the NS

A

structural and functional

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3
Q

structural organization of the NS

A

made up of central NS + peripheral NS

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4
Q

what is the cenral nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

what is the peripheral NS

A

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

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6
Q

functional categories of the nervous system

A

collecting information: receptors detect changes in the internal and external environment
processing information: info is collected and determines the appropriate response
responding to the info: initiates nerve impulses to effectors to react to changes in the body’s environment

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7
Q

what does the nervous system collect

A

receptors detect changes in the internal and external environment

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8
Q

what are the parts of the sensory NS

A

somatic sensory and the visceral sensory

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9
Q

what does the somatic sensory doe

A

receives sensory info from touch, smell, etc

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10
Q

what does visceral sensory info do

A

receives info from viscera

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11
Q

what are the parts of the motor nervous system

A

somatic motor (voluntary)
autonomic motor (involuntary)

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12
Q

neurons

A
  • nerve cells
  • electrically excitable cells that initiate, transmit, and recieve nerve impulses
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13
Q

what are bundles of nerve cells

A

nerves

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14
Q

neurons are to nerves like

A

muscle fibers are to muscle

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15
Q

what is the role of neurons

A

to conduct nerve impulses from one part of the body to another

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16
Q

special characteristics of neurons

A

high metabolic rate (uses a lot of oxygen)
extreme longevity
nonmitotic

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17
Q

structure of neurons

A

has the cell body, axon, and dendrites

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18
Q

cell body

A

contains the nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, etc.

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19
Q

dendrites

A

short processes that branch from the cell body and receive nerve impulses from adjacent nerves

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20
Q

axon

A

transmits info away from the cell body

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21
Q

axon hillock

A

collects all info to transmit down to the axon

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22
Q

anaxonic

A

a neuron that doesnt have an axon

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23
Q

axon colloaterals

A

side branches of the main axon

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24
Q

telodendria

A

fine terminal extensions at the end of the axon and its collaterals

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25
Q

synaptic knob

A

expanded regions of telodendria that store neurotransmitters

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26
Q

what are the two classification types of a neuron

A

strucutural and function

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27
Q

structural classification of a neuron

A

unipolar
bipolar
multipolar

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28
Q

unipolar nueron

A

single short process that branches like a T
- most sesnory neurons

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29
Q

bipolar

A

two processes, one dendrite, one axon

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30
Q

multipolar

A

multiple nerve cells processes extend from cell body, one axon, many dendrites

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31
Q

functional classifcation of neurons

A

sensory
motor
interneuron

32
Q

sesnory neruon

A

afferent
- transmits impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS
- mainly unipolar som are bipolar

33
Q

motor neurons

A

efferent
- transmit impulses from CNS to muscles or glands (multipolar)

34
Q

interneurons

A

facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons
- multipolar

35
Q

when stimulus if felt where can the impulses go

A

to the spinal cord interneurons and motor neurons or to the brain for processing

36
Q

glial cells

A

nonexecutive cells that support and protect neurons

37
Q

what are glial cells also called

A

neuroglia

38
Q

can glial cells multiply

A

yes they are capable of mitosis

39
Q

how does the size of glial cells compare to the neurons

A

they are smaller

40
Q

what are the types of glial cells

A

oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, astrocyte, microglial cells

41
Q

myelination

A

process of wrapping the axon w myelin sheath

42
Q

what is the function of myelination

A

affect the ability of neurons to conduct nerve impulses, serves as insulation

43
Q

nerves

A

cable like bundle of parallel axons

44
Q

what are the connective tissues layers of a nerve

A

endoneurium
perineurium
epineurium

45
Q

endoneurium

A

around each axon

46
Q

perineurium

A

around individual fasicles

47
Q

epineurium

A

around the entire nerve

48
Q

where are cell bodies mainly found

A

the spinal cord or the brain
it is also the gray matter

49
Q

directional terms from the brain

A

rostural
caudal

50
Q

parts of the brain

A

cerebrum
diencephalon
brainstem
cerebellum

51
Q

what helps to increase the surface area

A

gyri and sulci

52
Q

gyri

A

humps/mountains of the cortex

53
Q

sulcui

A

valleys of the cortex

54
Q

gray matter

A

houses the motor neurons + interneruon cell bodies, dendrites, telodendria, unmyelinated axons

55
Q

cerebral nuclei

A

the discrete internal clusters of gray matter

56
Q

white matter

A

made up of unmyelinated axons

57
Q

what features support and protect the brain

A
  • bony cranium
  • meninges
  • cerebrospinal fluid
  • blood brain barrier
58
Q

bony cranium

A

the skull
- frontal, two parietal, two temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid bones

59
Q

meninges

A

the protective connective tissue of the brain
- dura mater
- arachnoid layer
- pia mater

60
Q

dura mater

A

most superficial layer
composed of the periosteal layer and meningial layer

61
Q

arachnoid layer

A

middle layer
the spiderweb like layer

62
Q

pia mater

A

lines the surface of the cortex

63
Q

what are the functions of the proctive structures

A
  • to separate sofe tissue of the brain
  • enclose and protect blood vessels
  • contain and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
64
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

clear colorless liquid that circulates in the ventricles and subarachnoid space

65
Q

where is CSF found

A

in the brain ventricles

66
Q

brain ventricles

A

cavities iin the brain that contain cerebral spinal fluid

67
Q

what are the four ventricles

A

2 lateral ventricles, 3rd in the diencephalon, 4th in between the pons and cerebellum

68
Q

functions of the CSF

A

bouyancy: brain floats in CSF
protection: provides liquid cushion
environmental stability: CSF transports nutrients + removes waster from brain

69
Q

blood brain barrier

A

regulates what substances can enter ISF of brain

70
Q

what occurs in the cerebellum

A

conscious though, thought processes, intellectual functions

71
Q

what are the lobes of the cerebellum

A

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
insula

72
Q

frontal lobe

A

thinking, function of talking, information processing, executive function

73
Q

parietall= love

A

recieving of somatosensory info
somatosensory cortex and association area

74
Q

temporal love

A

hearing, smell association

75
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual stimuli and associationi

76
Q

insula

A

gustatory cortex (taste)

Human Anatomy (12 decks)

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