Nervous System

Question 1

nervous system

Answer 1

the system that coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions + transmits signals between different parts of the body

Question 2

Two types of cateogories of the NS

Answer 2

structural and functional

Question 3

structural organization of the NS

Answer 3

made up of central NS + peripheral NS

Question 4

what is the cenral nervous system

Answer 4

brain and spinal cord

Question 5

what is the peripheral NS

Answer 5

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

Question 6

functional categories of the nervous system

Answer 6

collecting information: receptors detect changes in the internal and external environment
processing information: info is collected and determines the appropriate response
responding to the info: initiates nerve impulses to effectors to react to changes in the body’s environment

Question 7

what does the nervous system collect

Answer 7

receptors detect changes in the internal and external environment

Question 8

what are the parts of the sensory NS

Answer 8

somatic sensory and the visceral sensory

Question 9

what does the somatic sensory doe

Answer 9

receives sensory info from touch, smell, etc

Question 10

what does visceral sensory info do

Answer 10

receives info from viscera

Question 11

what are the parts of the motor nervous system

Answer 11

somatic motor (voluntary)
autonomic motor (involuntary)

Question 12

neurons

Answer 12

• nerve cells
• electrically excitable cells that initiate, transmit, and recieve nerve impulses

Question 13

what are bundles of nerve cells

Answer 13

nerves

Question 14

neurons are to nerves like

Answer 14

muscle fibers are to muscle

Question 15

what is the role of neurons

Answer 15

to conduct nerve impulses from one part of the body to another

Question 16

special characteristics of neurons

Answer 16

high metabolic rate (uses a lot of oxygen)
extreme longevity
nonmitotic

Question 17

structure of neurons

Answer 17

has the cell body, axon, and dendrites

Question 18

cell body

Answer 18

contains the nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, etc.

Question 19

dendrites

Answer 19

short processes that branch from the cell body and receive nerve impulses from adjacent nerves

Question 20

axon

Answer 20

transmits info away from the cell body

Question 21

axon hillock

Answer 21

collects all info to transmit down to the axon

Question 22

anaxonic

Answer 22

a neuron that doesnt have an axon

Question 23

axon colloaterals

Answer 23

side branches of the main axon

Question 24

telodendria

Answer 24

fine terminal extensions at the end of the axon and its collaterals

Question 25

synaptic knob

Answer 25

expanded regions of telodendria that store neurotransmitters

Question 26

what are the two classification types of a neuron

Answer 26

strucutural and function

Question 27

structural classification of a neuron

Answer 27

unipolar bipolar multipolar

Question 28

unipolar nueron

Answer 28

single short process that branches like a T - most sesnory neurons

Question 29

bipolar

Answer 29

two processes, one dendrite, one axon

Question 30

multipolar

Answer 30

multiple nerve cells processes extend from cell body, one axon, many dendrites

Question 31

functional classifcation of neurons

Answer 31

sensory motor interneuron

Question 32

sesnory neruon

Answer 32

afferent - transmits impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS - mainly unipolar som are bipolar

Question 33

motor neurons

Answer 33

efferent - transmit impulses from CNS to muscles or glands (multipolar)

Question 34

interneurons

Answer 34

facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons - multipolar

Question 35

when stimulus if felt where can the impulses go

Answer 35

to the spinal cord interneurons and motor neurons or to the brain for processing

Question 36

glial cells

Answer 36

nonexecutive cells that support and protect neurons

Question 37

what are glial cells also called

Answer 37

neuroglia

Question 38

can glial cells multiply

Answer 38

yes they are capable of mitosis

Question 39

how does the size of glial cells compare to the neurons

Answer 39

they are smaller

Question 40

what are the types of glial cells

Answer 40

oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, astrocyte, microglial cells

Question 41

myelination

Answer 41

process of wrapping the axon w myelin sheath

Question 42

what is the function of myelination

Answer 42

affect the ability of neurons to conduct nerve impulses, serves as insulation

Question 43

nerves

Answer 43

cable like bundle of parallel axons

Question 44

what are the connective tissues layers of a nerve

Answer 44

endoneurium perineurium epineurium

Question 45

endoneurium

Answer 45

around each axon

Question 46

perineurium

Answer 46

around individual fasicles

Question 47

epineurium

Answer 47

around the entire nerve

Question 48

where are cell bodies mainly found

Answer 48

the spinal cord or the brain it is also the gray matter

Question 49

directional terms from the brain

Answer 49

rostural caudal

Question 50

parts of the brain

Answer 50

cerebrum diencephalon brainstem cerebellum

Question 51

what helps to increase the surface area

Answer 51

gyri and sulci

Question 52

gyri

Answer 52

humps/mountains of the cortex

Question 53

sulcui

Answer 53

valleys of the cortex

Question 54

gray matter

Answer 54

houses the motor neurons + interneruon cell bodies, dendrites, telodendria, unmyelinated axons

Question 55

cerebral nuclei

Answer 55

the discrete internal clusters of gray matter

Question 56

white matter

Answer 56

made up of unmyelinated axons

Question 57

what features support and protect the brain

Answer 57

- bony cranium - meninges - cerebrospinal fluid - blood brain barrier

Question 58

bony cranium

Answer 58

the skull - frontal, two parietal, two temporal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid bones

Question 59

meninges

Answer 59

the protective connective tissue of the brain - dura mater - arachnoid layer - pia mater

Question 60

dura mater

Answer 60

most superficial layer composed of the periosteal layer and meningial layer

Question 61

arachnoid layer

Answer 61

middle layer the spiderweb like layer

Question 62

pia mater

Answer 62

lines the surface of the cortex

Question 63

what are the functions of the proctive structures

Answer 63

- to separate sofe tissue of the brain - enclose and protect blood vessels - contain and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 64

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 64

clear colorless liquid that circulates in the ventricles and subarachnoid space

Question 65

where is CSF found

Answer 65

in the brain ventricles

Question 66

brain ventricles

Answer 66

cavities iin the brain that contain cerebral spinal fluid

Question 67

what are the four ventricles

Answer 67

2 lateral ventricles, 3rd in the diencephalon, 4th in between the pons and cerebellum

Question 68

functions of the CSF

Answer 68

bouyancy: brain floats in CSF protection: provides liquid cushion environmental stability: CSF transports nutrients + removes waster from brain

Question 69

blood brain barrier

Answer 69

regulates what substances can enter ISF of brain

Question 70

what occurs in the cerebellum

Answer 70

conscious though, thought processes, intellectual functions

Question 71

what are the lobes of the cerebellum

Answer 71

frontal lobe parietal lobe temporal lobe occipital lobe insula

Question 72

frontal lobe

Answer 72

thinking, function of talking, information processing, executive function

Question 73

parietall= love

Answer 73

recieving of somatosensory info somatosensory cortex and association area

Question 74

temporal love

Answer 74

hearing, smell association

Question 75

occipital lobe

Answer 75

visual stimuli and associationi

Question 76

insula

Answer 76

gustatory cortex (taste)