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Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How much saliva does a human produce in a lifetime?

A

enough to fill 2 olympic sized pools

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2
Q

how many times does the muscles in the eye contract each day

A

around 100,000 times

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3
Q

in ____ a body can produce enough heat to boil _____ of water.

A

30 minutes, half a gallon

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4
Q

there are ______ capilaries in your lungs

A

around 300,000,000

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5
Q

_______ of blood vessels can circumnavigate Earth 2 and a half times

A

60,000 miles

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6
Q

how fast is a nerve impulse

A

up to 250 mph

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7
Q

a full head of human hair can support _____.

A

12 tons, 25k lbs

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8
Q

humans have the same amount of hair as a ______

A

chimpanzee

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9
Q

every pound of fat or muscle gained = ______ of bloodvessels

A

7 miles

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10
Q

Anatomy

A
  • means to cut, or cut open
  • often implies the function of a structure
  • comes from the Greek word Anatomia
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11
Q

What are the categories of anatamy

A
  • microscopic
  • and gross
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12
Q

what are the subcategories of microscopic anatomy

A

cytology (cells) and histology (tissues)

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12
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

structures too small to be seen with an unaided eye

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13
Q

gross anatomy

A

structures that can be seen with the unaided eye

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14
Q

subcategories of gross anatomy

A

comparative anatomy
developmental anatomy
embryology
regional anatomy
surface anatomy

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15
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

studying and comparing structures of different species

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16
Q

developmental anatomy

A

study structural changes that occur within an individual from conception through maturity

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17
Q

embryology

A

(a subcategory of developmental anatomy) the study of structural changes from conception to birth

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18
Q

regional anatomy

A

study of structures with a single region

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19
Q

surface anatomy

A

study of internal structures as their location relates to regions of skin or other surface materials

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20
Q

systemic anatomy

A

study of structures involved in specific activity
- needed in order to study regional anatomy

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21
Q

physiology

A
  • the study of function
  • interrelated with anatomy
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22
Q

structural organization of the body

A

chemical
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism

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23
Q

what is needed to be classified an organ

A

at least two different types of tissues

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24
characteristics of living organisms
must possess all to be considered living
25
what are the 11 organ systems
- integumentary system - respiratory system - nervous system - skeletal system - muscular system - cardiovascular system - lymphatic system - reproductive system - urinary system - digestive system
26
integumentary system
- provides protection, regulates body temperature - primary organ: skin
27
respiratory system
- exchange chemicals with the blood and remove waste - primary organ: lungs
28
muscular system
-produces body movement - primary organ: muscles
29
skeletal system
- provide structural support - primary organ: bones
30
cardiovascular system
- pumps blood, removes and regulates waste - primary organ: heart
31
nervous system
- responds to sensory stimuli, helps control body movements - primary organ: brainl
32
lymphatic system
- filters bodily fluids, immune response - primary organ: lymphs
33
digestive system
- mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients - primary organ: stomach
34
urinary system
- removes waste products - primary organ: urethra or bladder
35
reproductive system
- development of sex cells - primary organ: reproductive organs
36
sections vs. planes
sections: cut or slice through a structure planes are imaginary flat surfaces passing through the body or an organ
37
anatomical position
- the standard universal posture for comparing structures - standing uprights, shoulder width feet parallel, head level, looking forwards, arms at side with thumbs pointing away from the body, palms face forward
38
why are sections helpful
to put together internal structures in a 3D fashion by using sections at a single orientation
39
types of planes
- coronal (frontal) plane - transverse (horizontal) plane - midsagittal (median) plane - oblique plane
40
coronal (frontal) plane
- dividing the body in anterior and posterior sections - motions in this plane include jumpund jacks and abd/adduction
41
transverse (horizontal) plane
- dividing the body in superior and inferior regions - movements include twisting, supination/pronation
42
midsaggital (median) plane
- dividing the body into equal left and right halves - motions include flexion and extension
43
sagittal vs. midsagittal
sagittal divides the body into unequal L and R halve while midsagittal is equal halves
44
oblique plane
passes through a specimen at an angle
45
anatomic direction
used to describe relative positions of one body structure to another
46
anatomic direction vocab in regard to front and back of the body
- anterior: front of body, towards the front - posterior: back of body, toward the back surface
47
anatomic direction vocab in regard to head or tail of body
superior: towards the head inferior: towards the feet
48
anatomic direction vocab in regard to midline or center of the body
medial: toward the midline lateral: away from the midline ipsilateral: on the same side contralateral: on the opposite side deep (internal): on the inside, underneath superficial (external): on the outside
49
anatomic vocab in reagard to point of attachment
proximal: closest to point of attachment to trunk distal: furthest point of attachment to trunk
50
regional anatomy
respect to regions of the body
51
what are the two major regions of the body
axial: head, neck, trunk appendicular: upper and lower limbs
52
cephalic region
head region
53
frontal region
forehead
54
orbital region
eye
55
nasal region
nose
56
buccal region
cheek
57
oral region
mouth
58
cervical region
neck
59
mental region
chin
60
deltoid region
shoulders
61
sternal region
sternum
62
axillary region
armpit
63
pectoral region
chest
64
mammary region
breast
65
thoracic region
sternal, pectoral, mammary, and traps area
66
brachial region
arm (bicep area)
67
antecubital region
front of elbow
68
antebrachial region
forearm
69
coxal region
hip
70
carpal region
wrist
71
palmar region
palm
72
digital region
finger
73
manus region
hand
74
abdominal region
abdomen
75
cranial region
surrounding the brain
76
auricular region
ear
77
occiptal region
back of head
78
vertebral region
spinal column
79
olecranal region
elbow
80
sacral region
sacrum
81
lumbar region
lower back
82
antebrachial regio
back of forearm
83
posterior body cavities
cranial cavity: formed by skull bones vertebral canal: formed by vertebral column bones
84
what is the purpose of the posterior body cavity
for protection
85
ventral body cavities
Thoracic: the superior cavity abdominopelvic: the inferior cavity
86
what separates the superior aspect and the inferior ventral cavities
the diaphragm
87
what separates the abdomen and pelvis areas
an imaginary line between the hip bones
88
does the cranial cavity have a serous membrane
no serous membrane
89
does the vertebral canal have a serous membrane
no serous membrane
90
mediastinum
contains the pericardial cavity, thymus, trachea, esophagus and major blood vessels
91
does the mediastinum have a serous membrane
no
92
what is the pleural
the space that contains the lungs
93
does the pleural have a serous membrane
pleura
94
what is pericardial space
where the heart is
95
does the pericardial space have a serous membrane
yes the pericardium
96
what is a serous membrane
- a continuous layer divided into two continuous parts - secretes serous fluid that helps prevent friction between moving organs
97
what are the two parts of the serous membrane
- parietal layer - visceral layer
98
what is the parietal layer of the serous membrane
lines the internal surface of the body wall
99
what is the visceral layer of the seroud membrane
the inner layer that lines the organ (visceral organ)
100
name the three parts of the pericardial cavity and the serous membrane
- parietal pericadium - pericardial cavity with serous fluid - visceral pericardium
101
name the three parts of the pleural cavity and the serous membrane
- parietal pleura - plerual cavity with serous fluid - visceral pleura
102
name the three parts of the peritoneal cavity and the serous membrane
- parietal peritoneum - peritoneal cavity with serous fluid - visceral peritoneum
103
where is the heart located
in the mediastinum
104
what was the common cause of death for many of the cadavers
lung disease specifically mesothelioma
105
what is mesothelioma
- causes cancer to grow on the layers of the pleura - common cause is from inhaling asbestos

Human Anatomy (12 decks)

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