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Human Anatomy > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How much saliva does a human produce in a lifetime?

A

enough to fill 2 olympic sized pools

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2
Q

how many times does the muscles in the eye contract each day

A

around 100,000 times

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3
Q

in ____ a body can produce enough heat to boil _____ of water.

A

30 minutes, half a gallon

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4
Q

there are ______ capilaries in your lungs

A

around 300,000,000

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5
Q

_______ of blood vessels can circumnavigate Earth 2 and a half times

A

60,000 miles

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6
Q

how fast is a nerve impulse

A

up to 250 mph

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7
Q

a full head of human hair can support _____.

A

12 tons, 25k lbs

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8
Q

humans have the same amount of hair as a ______

A

chimpanzee

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9
Q

every pound of fat or muscle gained = ______ of bloodvessels

A

7 miles

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10
Q

Anatomy

A
  • means to cut, or cut open
  • often implies the function of a structure
  • comes from the Greek word Anatomia
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11
Q

What are the categories of anatamy

A
  • microscopic
  • and gross
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12
Q

what are the subcategories of microscopic anatomy

A

cytology (cells) and histology (tissues)

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12
Q

microscopic anatomy

A

structures too small to be seen with an unaided eye

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13
Q

gross anatomy

A

structures that can be seen with the unaided eye

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14
Q

subcategories of gross anatomy

A

comparative anatomy
developmental anatomy
embryology
regional anatomy
surface anatomy

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15
Q

Comparative anatomy

A

studying and comparing structures of different species

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16
Q

developmental anatomy

A

study structural changes that occur within an individual from conception through maturity

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17
Q

embryology

A

(a subcategory of developmental anatomy) the study of structural changes from conception to birth

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18
Q

regional anatomy

A

study of structures with a single region

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19
Q

surface anatomy

A

study of internal structures as their location relates to regions of skin or other surface materials

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20
Q

systemic anatomy

A

study of structures involved in specific activity
- needed in order to study regional anatomy

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21
Q

physiology

A
  • the study of function
  • interrelated with anatomy
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22
Q

structural organization of the body

A

chemical
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism

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23
Q

what is needed to be classified an organ

A

at least two different types of tissues

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24
Q

characteristics of living organisms

A

must possess all to be considered living

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25
Q

what are the 11 organ systems

A
  • integumentary system
  • respiratory system
  • nervous system
  • skeletal system
  • muscular system
  • cardiovascular system
  • lymphatic system
  • reproductive system
  • urinary system
  • digestive system
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26
Q

integumentary system

A
  • provides protection, regulates body temperature
  • primary organ: skin
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27
Q

respiratory system

A
  • exchange chemicals with the blood and remove waste
  • primary organ: lungs
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28
Q

muscular system

A

-produces body movement
- primary organ: muscles

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29
Q

skeletal system

A
  • provide structural support
  • primary organ: bones
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30
Q

cardiovascular system

A
  • pumps blood, removes and regulates waste
  • primary organ: heart
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31
Q

nervous system

A
  • responds to sensory stimuli, helps control body movements
  • primary organ: brainl
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32
Q

lymphatic system

A
  • filters bodily fluids, immune response
  • primary organ: lymphs
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33
Q

digestive system

A
  • mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients
  • primary organ: stomach
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34
Q

urinary system

A
  • removes waste products
  • primary organ: urethra or bladder
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35
Q

reproductive system

A
  • development of sex cells
  • primary organ: reproductive organs
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36
Q

sections vs. planes

A

sections: cut or slice through a structure
planes are imaginary flat surfaces passing through the body or an organ

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37
Q

anatomical position

A
  • the standard universal posture for comparing structures
  • standing uprights, shoulder width feet parallel, head level, looking forwards, arms at side with thumbs pointing away from the body, palms face forward
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38
Q

why are sections helpful

A

to put together internal structures in a 3D fashion by using sections at a single orientation

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39
Q

types of planes

A
  • coronal (frontal) plane
  • transverse (horizontal) plane
  • midsagittal (median) plane
  • oblique plane
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40
Q

coronal (frontal) plane

A
  • dividing the body in anterior and posterior sections
  • motions in this plane include jumpund jacks and abd/adduction
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41
Q

transverse (horizontal) plane

A
  • dividing the body in superior and inferior regions
  • movements include twisting, supination/pronation
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42
Q

midsaggital (median) plane

A
  • dividing the body into equal left and right halves
  • motions include flexion and extension
43
Q

sagittal vs. midsagittal

A

sagittal divides the body into unequal L and R halve while midsagittal is equal halves

44
Q

oblique plane

A

passes through a specimen at an angle

45
Q

anatomic direction

A

used to describe relative positions of one body structure to another

46
Q

anatomic direction vocab in regard to front and back of the body

A
  • anterior: front of body, towards the front
  • posterior: back of body, toward the back surface
47
Q

anatomic direction vocab in regard to head or tail of body

A

superior: towards the head
inferior: towards the feet

48
Q

anatomic direction vocab in regard to midline or center of the body

A

medial: toward the midline
lateral: away from the midline
ipsilateral: on the same side
contralateral: on the opposite side
deep (internal): on the inside, underneath
superficial (external): on the outside

49
Q

anatomic vocab in reagard to point of attachment

A

proximal: closest to point of attachment to trunk
distal: furthest point of attachment to trunk

50
Q

regional anatomy

A

respect to regions of the body

51
Q

what are the two major regions of the body

A

axial: head, neck, trunk
appendicular: upper and lower limbs

52
Q

cephalic region

A

head region

53
Q

frontal region

A

forehead

54
Q

orbital region

A

eye

55
Q

nasal region

A

nose

56
Q

buccal region

A

cheek

57
Q

oral region

A

mouth

58
Q

cervical region

A

neck

59
Q

mental region

A

chin

60
Q

deltoid region

A

shoulders

61
Q

sternal region

A

sternum

62
Q

axillary region

A

armpit

63
Q

pectoral region

A

chest

64
Q

mammary region

A

breast

65
Q

thoracic region

A

sternal, pectoral, mammary, and traps area

66
Q

brachial region

A

arm (bicep area)

67
Q

antecubital region

A

front of elbow

68
Q

antebrachial region

A

forearm

69
Q

coxal region

A

hip

70
Q

carpal region

A

wrist

71
Q

palmar region

A

palm

72
Q

digital region

A

finger

73
Q

manus region

A

hand

74
Q

abdominal region

A

abdomen

75
Q

cranial region

A

surrounding the brain

76
Q

auricular region

A

ear

77
Q

occiptal region

A

back of head

78
Q

vertebral region

A

spinal column

79
Q

olecranal region

A

elbow

80
Q

sacral region

A

sacrum

81
Q

lumbar region

A

lower back

82
Q

antebrachial regio

A

back of forearm

83
Q

posterior body cavities

A

cranial cavity: formed by skull bones
vertebral canal: formed by vertebral column bones

84
Q

what is the purpose of the posterior body cavity

A

for protection

85
Q

ventral body cavities

A

Thoracic: the superior cavity
abdominopelvic: the inferior cavity

86
Q

what separates the superior aspect and the inferior ventral cavities

A

the diaphragm

87
Q

what separates the abdomen and pelvis areas

A

an imaginary line between the hip bones

88
Q

does the cranial cavity have a serous membrane

A

no serous membrane

89
Q

does the vertebral canal have a serous membrane

A

no serous membrane

90
Q

mediastinum

A

contains the pericardial cavity, thymus, trachea, esophagus and major blood vessels

91
Q

does the mediastinum have a serous membrane

A

no

92
Q

what is the pleural

A

the space that contains the lungs

93
Q

does the pleural have a serous membrane

A

pleura

94
Q

what is pericardial space

A

where the heart is

95
Q

does the pericardial space have a serous membrane

A

yes the pericardium

96
Q

what is a serous membrane

A
  • a continuous layer divided into two continuous parts
  • secretes serous fluid that helps prevent friction between moving organs
97
Q

what are the two parts of the serous membrane

A
  • parietal layer
  • visceral layer
98
Q

what is the parietal layer of the serous membrane

A

lines the internal surface of the body wall

99
Q

what is the visceral layer of the seroud membrane

A

the inner layer that lines the organ (visceral organ)

100
Q

name the three parts of the pericardial cavity and the serous membrane

A
  • parietal pericadium
  • pericardial cavity with serous fluid
  • visceral pericardium
101
Q

name the three parts of the pleural cavity and the serous membrane

A
  • parietal pleura
  • plerual cavity with serous fluid
  • visceral pleura
102
Q

name the three parts of the peritoneal cavity and the serous membrane

A
  • parietal peritoneum
  • peritoneal cavity with serous fluid
  • visceral peritoneum
103
Q

where is the heart located

A

in the mediastinum

104
Q

what was the common cause of death for many of the cadavers

A

lung disease specifically mesothelioma

105
Q

what is mesothelioma

A
  • causes cancer to grow on the layers of the pleura
  • common cause is from inhaling asbestos

Human Anatomy (12 decks)

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