Chapter 7 Flashcards
how many bones are in the body
206 bones in the adult skeleton
what are the two parts of the skeletal system
axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
axial skeleton
skull, vertebral column, sacrum, coccyx, and thoracic cage
appendicular skeleton
hip, shoulder, upper and lower extremeties
how bones in the axial skeleton
80 bone
skull bones
8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones
what is defined as a cranial bone, and how many bones are there
- bones in direct contact with the brain
- there are 8 bones
what is defined as a facial bone and how many bones are there
- bones that are a part of the skull, but not in contact with the brain
- there are 14 bones
what are the associated bones of the skull
the auditory ossicles and hyoid bone
what is the vertebral column and how many bones are there
- the bones that make up the spine (cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, and lumbar) including the coccyx and the sacrum
- there are 26 bones
what is defined as the thoracic cage and how many bones are there
- the sternum and the ribs
- there are 25 bones
what are the passageways of the brain
- carotid canal
- cribriform formina
- foramen lacerun
- forament spinosum
- forament ovale
- foramen rotundum
- hypoglossal canal
- inferior orbital fissure
- superior orbital fissure
- jugular foramen
- mastoud foramen
- optic canal
-stylomastoid forament - supraorbital foramen
where is the carotid canal located
the petrous part of the temporal bone
where is the cubiform foramen located
the ethmoid bone
where is the foramen lacerum located
the petrous part of the temporal, sphenoid and occipital bones
where is the foramen magnum located
occipital bone
where is the foramen rotundum located
greater wing of the sphenoid bone
where is the foramen spinosum located
greater wing of the sphenoid bone
where is the hypoglossal canal located
the side and below occipital condyle
where is the inferior orbital fissure located
sphenoid bone
where is the superior orbital fissure located
sphenoid bone
where is the jugular foramen located
between temporal bone and occipital bone
where is the mastoid foramen located
the posterior side of the mastoid process
where is the optic canal located
posteriormedial part of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
where is the stylomastoid foramen located
temporal bone
where is the supraorbital forament located
frontal bone
what are the facial bones
zygomatic bones, maxillary bones, lacrimal bones, nasal bones, nasal conchae, comer, palatine bone, mandible
sutures
immovable joints of the skull bones
coronal suture
the junction netween frontal and parietal bones
sagittal suture
the junction between parietal bones
lambdoid suture
the junction betwwen occipital and parietal bones
squamosal suture
junction between temporal and parietal bones
what is the paranasal sinus
air filled space in skull bones around nasal cavity
what is the paranasal sinus for
- has mucous lining to humidify and warm inhaled air
- lightens the skull
- resosant chambers that allow for sound production while speaking
what are the bones associated with the skull
the malleus, incus, stapes, and hyoid bones
what is the hyoid bone
the attachment site for tongue and muscles of larynx used in swallong
where is the hyoid bone located
doesn’t articulate w/another bone attached via ligaments
what are fontanelles
flexible areas of dense regular CT that connect infant cranial bones
what are the major fontanelles
- mastoid fontanelle
- sphenoid fontanelle
- posterior fontanelle
- anterior fontanelle
where is the mastoid fontanelle
the asterion
where is the sphenoid fontanelle located
pterion
where is the posterior fontanelle located
lambda area
where is the anterior fontanelle located
bregma area
what are the different types of spinal curvature
- cervical curvature
- thoracic curvature
- lumbar curvature
- sacral curvature
what are the types of abnormal curvatures
scoliosis, kyphosis, and lordosis
what is scoliosis
lateral deviation of the vertebral column primarly in the thoracic region
what is kyphosis
further anterior curvature of cervical vertebrae and further posterior curvature for thoracic vertebrae
what is lordosis
further anterior curvature of lumbar vertebrae
what body shape does the cervical vertebrae have
kidney bean shaped
what body shape does the thoracic vertebrae have
heart shaped
what body shape does the lumbar vertebrae have
oval shaped
what are the two atypical vertebrae
atlas and axis
what is the thoracic cageq
bony frame around the chest composed of thoracic vertebrae , ribs, and sternum
what is the function of the thoracic cage
to protect heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus and other thoracic organs
parts of a sternum
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
what are true ribs
ribs that have direct contact with sternum via costal cartilage
what ribs are true rbs
ribs 1-7what a
what are false ribs
ribs that have indirect contact with the sterunum
- costal cartiligae are not directly attached
what ribs are false ribs
8-12
what are floating ribs
a type of false rib that does not articulate with the sternum at all
what number of ribs are floating ribs
11-12
