Chapter 11 Flashcards
1
Q
where are the origins and insertions of the Axial muscles
A
both origin and insertions on the axial skeleton
2
Q
functions of the axial muscles
A
- support the head and spinal column
- used in facial expression, chewing, and swallowing
- aid in breathing
support and protection of the abdominal and pelvic organs
3
Q
where do most of the muscles of the head and neck originate from
A
the hyoid bone
4
Q
origin of the muscles for facial expression
A
superficial fascia or on the skull bones
5
Q
insertion for the muscles of the facial expression
A
into the superficial fascia of the skin
6
Q
what is the function of the muscles of facial expression
A
changes in facial expression
7
Q
occipitofrontalis location
A
from the forehead to the occipital bone
8
Q
functions of the occipitofrontalis
A
raising the eyebrows, wrinkling the skin of the forehead, moving scalp
9
Q
innervation of the occipitofrontalis
A
facial nerve
10
Q
orbicularis oculi
A
muscle surrounding the orbit
11
Q
functions of the orbicularis oculi
A
closes eye, produces winking, blinking, squinting
12
Q
innervation of the orbicularis oculi
A
facial nerve
13
Q
function of the platysma
A
tenses the skin of the neck, pulls lower lip inferiorly
14
Q
innervation of the platysma
A
facial nerve
15
Q
function of the orbicularis oris
A
compresses and purses lips (kissing muscle)
16
Q
innervation of the orbicularis oris
A
facial nerve
17
Q
where is the orbicularis oris located
A
around the mouth
18
Q
function of the risorius
A
draws the corner of lips laterally, tenses lips
19
Q
what is a synergist for the zygomaticus
A
the risorius
20
Q
innervation of the risorius
A
facial nerve
21
Q
functions of the zygomaticus major
A
elevates the corner of the mouth (smile muscle)
22
Q
innervation of the zygomaticus major
A
facial nerve
23
Q
functions of buccinator
A
compress cheecks (holds food between teeth during chewing) trumpet blowing muscle
24
Q
innervation of the buccinator
A
facial nerve
25
how many muscles are involved in moving the eye
6
26
what are the muscles that move the eye
- medial, lateral, inferior, and superior rectus muscles
- inferior and superior oblique muscles
27
where do the muscles that move the eye originate from
a common tendinous ring in the posterior orbit and inserts onto the outer surface of the eye
28
actions of the medial rectus
moves eyes medially (adducts eye)
29
innervatin of medial rectus
CN III (oculomotor nerve)
30
functions of lateral rectus
moves eye laterally (abducts eye)
31
innervation of lateral rectus
CN VI (abducens nerve)
32
functions of inferior rectus
moves eye inferiorly (depresses eye) and medially (adducts)
33
innervation of inferior rectus
CN III (oculomotor nerve)
34
function of superior rectus
moves eye superiorly (elevates eye) and medially (adducts)
35
innervation of superior rectus
CN III (oculomotor nerve)
36
function of inferior oblique
moves eye superiorly and laterally
37
innervation of inferior oblique
CN III (oculomotor nerve)
38
functions of superior oblique
moves eye inferiorly (depresses eye) and laterally
39
innervation of superior oblique
CN IV (trochlear nerve)
40
main functions of the muscles of mastication
involved in the process of chewing, moving mandible and TMJ
41
what is the innervation of all muscles of mastication
CN V trigeminal nerve
42
functions of the temporalis
elevates and retracts mandible
43
functions of the masseter
elevates and protracts mandible, prime mover of jaw closure
44
function of medial pterygoid
elevates and protracts mandible, produces side to side movement of mandible
45
functions of the lateral pterygoid
protracts mandible, produces side to sie movement of mandible
46
functions of the sternocleidomastoid
unilateral action: lateral flexion, rotation of head to opposite side
bilateral action: flexes neck
47
origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid
o: mabubrium and sternal end of clavicle
i: mastoid process
48
innervation of the sternocleidomastoid
accessory nerve
49
functions of the erector spinae
maintain posture and help stand erect.
bilateral contraction: extends the spinal column
unilateral contraction: flexes the column laterally
50
what are the muscles of respiration
- external intercostals
- internal intercostals
- diaphragm
51
functions of external intercostals
elevates the ribs during inhalation
52
origin and insertion of the external intercostals
o: inferior border of superior rib
i: superior border of the inferior rib
53
innervation of the external intercostals
thoracic spinal nerves
54
functions of the internal intercostals
depresses the ribs during forced exhalation
55
origin and insertions of the internal intercostals
o: superior border of the inferior rib
i: inferior border of the superior rib
56
innervation of the external intercostals
thoracic spinal nerves
57
action of the diaphragm
contraction causes flattening of diaphragm = expansion of the thoracic cavity, increasing pressure in abdominopelvic cavity
58
origin and insertion of the diaphragm
o: inferior internal surface of ribs 7-12, xiphoid process of sternum and costal cartilages of inferior 6 ribs, lumbar vertebrae
i: central tendon
59
innervation of the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
60
action of the external obliques
unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column, rotation of vertebral column
bilateral: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall used in forced exhalation
61
innervation of the external obliques
spinal nerves
62
action of the internal oblique
unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column, rotation of vertebral column
bilateral action: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall
63
innervation of the interal oblique
spinal nerves
64
action of the transverse abdominis
unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column
bilateral: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall, used in forced exhaustion
65
innervation of transverse abdominis
spinal nerves
66
action of rectus abdominis
flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall, used in forced exhalation
67
innervation of rectus abdominis
spinal nerves
68
what are the muscles that mvoe the hip joint/thigh
- psoas major
- iliacus
- sartorius
- rectus femoris
69
orign and insertion of psoas major
o: transverse process and bodies of lumbar vertebra
i: lesser trochantero of femur
70
actions of the psoas major
flexion of thight/hip joint
71
innervation of the psoas major
branches of the lumbar plexus (femoral nerve)
72
what is a vestigial muscle in the muscles that move the hip and thigh
psoas minor
73
origin and insertion of sartorius
o: anterior superior iliac spine
i: medial side of tibial tuberosity
74
action of sartorius
flexes thigh and rotates thigh laterally, flexes leg and medially rotates leg
75
innervation of sartorius
femoral nerve
76
what is the sartorius also known as
the tailors muscle
77
origin and insertion of rectus femoris
o: anterior inferior iliac spine
i: quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament
78
actions of the rectus femoris
flexes thigh, extends leg
79
innervation of rectus femoris
femoral nerve
80
origin and insertion of iliacus
o: iliac fossa
i: lesser trochanter of femur with psoas major
81
actions of the iliacus
flexes thigh
82
innervation of the iliacus
femoral nerve
83
muscles that move the hip joint/thigh
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- piriformis
- superior gemellus
- inferior gemellus
- obturator internus
- quadratys femoris
84
origin and insertion of gluteus maximus
o: iliac crest, sacrum, cocyx
i: iliotibial tract of fascia late, linea aspera and gluteul tuberoistu of femur
85
actions of gluteus maximus
extends thigh, laterally rotates thigh
86
innervation of glutues maximus
gluteul nerve
87
origin and insertion of gluteus medius
o: posterior iliac crest, lateral surface between posterior and anterior glutuel lines
i: greater trochanter of femur
88
actions of gluteus medius
abducts thigh, medially rotates thigh
89
innervation of the gluteus medius
gluteul nevrve
90
origin and action gluteus minimus
o: lateral surface of ilium betwen inferior and anterior gluteul lines
i: greater trochanter of femur
91
actions of the gluteus minimus
abducts thigh, medially rotates thigh
92
innervation of the gluteus minimus
gluteul nerve
93
origin and insertion of piriformis
o: anterolateral surface of sacrum
i: greater trochanter
94
action of piriformis
laterally rotates thigh
95
innervation of piriformis
nerve to piriformis
96
origin and insertion of superior gamellus
o: ischial spine and tuberosity
i: obturator internus tendon (greater trochanter)
97
action of the superior gamellus
laterally rotates thigh
98
innervation of superior gamellus
nerve to obturator internus
99
origin and insertion of obturator internus
o: posterior surface of obturator membrane, margins of obturator foramen
i: greater trochanter
100
actions of the obturator internus
laterally rotates thigh
101
innervation of obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
102
origin and insertion of inferior gamellus
o: ischial tuberosity
i: obturator internus tendon (greater trochanter)
103
actions of the inferior gamellus
laterally rotate thigh
104
innervation of inferior gamellus
nerve to quadratus femoris
105
origin and insertion of quadratus femoris
o: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
i: intertrochanteric crest
106
actions of the quadratus femoris
laterally rotates thigh
107
innervation of quadratus femoris
nerve to quadratus femoris
108
muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- gracilis
- pectineus
- adductor magnus
- obturator externus
109
what muscles make up the iliotibial band
tensor fascia lata, with gluteus maximus
110
origin and insertion of adductor longus
o: pubis near pubic symphysis
i: linea aspera of femur
111
actions of the adductor longus
adducts thigh, flexes thigh
112
innervation of the adductor longus
obturator nerve
113
origin and insertion adductor brevis
o: inferior ramus and body of pubis
i: upper third of linea aspera of femur
114
actions of the adductor brevis
adducts thigh, flexes thigh
115
innervation of adductor brevis
obturator nerve
116
origin and insertion of gracilis
o: inferior ramus and body of pubis
i: upper medial surface of tibia
117
actions of the gracilis
adducts and flexes thigh, flexes leg
118
inervation of the gracilis
obturator nerve
119
origin and insertion of pectinius
o: pectineal line of pubis
i: pectineal line of femur
120
actions of the pectinius
adducts thigh, flexes thigh
121
innervation of the pectinius
femoral nerve or obturator nerve
122
origin and insertion of adductor magnust
o: inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity
i: hamstring part linea aspera of femur adductor part: adductor tubercle of femur
123
actions of adductor magnus
adducts thigh, flexes thigh (adductor part), extends and laterally rotates thigh (hamstring part)
124
innervation of adductor magnus
adductor part: obturator nerve
hamstring part: tibial division of sciatic nerve
125
origin and insertion of tensor fascia latae
o: iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine
i: iliotibial band
126
actions of the tensor fascia latae
abducts and medially rotates the thigh
127
innervation of tensor fascia latae
superior gluteul nerve
128
muscles of the posterior thigh compartment
- biceps femoris
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
129
origin and insertion biceps femoris
o: long head: ischial tuberosity
short head: linea aspera of femur
i: head of fibula
130
actions of the biceps femoris
extends thigh, flexes leg, laterally rotates leg
131
innervation of the biceps femoris
long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve
short head: common fobular division of sciatic nerve
132
origin and insertion of semimembranosus
o: ischial tuberosity
i: posterior surface of medial condyle
133
actions of the semimembranosus
extends thigh and flexes leg, medially rotates leg
134
innervation of the semimembranosus
tibial nerve
135
origin and insertion of semitendinosus
o: ishcial tuberosity
i: proximal medial surface of tibia
136
actions of semitendinosus
extends thigh and flexes leg, medially rotates leg
137
innervation of semitendinosus
tibial nerve
138
origin and insertion of rectus femoris
o: anterior inferior iliac spine
i: quadriceps tendon to patella and then patelllar ligament to tibial tuberosity
139
actions of rectus femoris
extens leg, flexes thigh
140
innervation of rectus femoris
femoral nerve
141
vastus intermedius
o: anterolateral surface of femur
i: quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
142
action of vastus intermedius
extends leg
143
innervation of the vastus intermedius
femoral nerve
144
origin and insertion of vastus lateralis
o: greater trochanter and linea aspera
i: quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellllar liagemt to tibial tuberosity
145
actions of the vastus lateralis
extends the leg
146
innervation of the vastus lateralis
femoral nerve
147
origin and insertion of the vastus medialis
o: intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur
i: quadriceps tendon to the patella to the patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity
148
actions of the vastus medialis
extends the leg
149
innervation of the vastus medialis
femoral nerve
150
what muscles are activated on the way down from a squat
the glutes and the hamstring (for the hip)
151
what are the muscles that are activated on the way up of a squat
the extensors of the hip and knee joint (quads)
152
at what point is the maximum glute activation
below 90 degrees of a squat
153
what are the muscles that perform abduction at the hip/thigh
- glutues medius
- gluteus maximus
- tensor fasciae latae
154
what are the muslces that perform adduction at the hip/thigh
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- gracilis
- pectineus
155
what are the muscles that perform extension of the hip/ thigh joint
- gluteus maximus
- adductor magnus (hamstring part)
- long head of biceps femoris
- semimembranosus
- semitendonosis
156
muscles that perform flexion of the hip/thigh
- iliopsoas
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus
- pectinius
- sartorious
- rectus femoris
- gracilis
157
muscles that perform lateral rotation of the hip/thigh
- adductor magnus
- gluteus maximus
- sartorious
- obturator internus
- piriformis
- superior gamellus
- inferior gamellus
- quadratus femoris
158
muscles that perform medial rotation of the thigh/hip
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- tensor fascia latae
159
what are the three compartments of the lower leg
anterior, posterior, and lateral
160
muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallicus longus
- fibularis tertius
- tibialis anterior
161
what is another name for the four anterior muscles of the leg
crural muscles since they cross the ankle joint
162
origin and insertion of the extensor digitorum longus
o: tibia, fibula, interosseous border
i: distal phalanges of toes 2-5
163
actions of the extensor digitorum longus
extends toes 2-5, dorsiflexes foot
164
innervation of the extensor digitorum longus
deep fibular nerve
165
origin and insretion of the tibialis anterior
o: tibia and interosseous border
i: metatarsal I and first medial cuneiform
166
actions of the tibialis anterior
dorsiflexes floot, inverts foot (prevents overpronation)
167
innervation of the tibialis anterior
deep fibular nerve
168
what is adult-acquired flatfoot
a common condition in adults (sedentary or lack of activation) where the tibialis anterior wakens and is unable to support the arch
169
origin and insertion of the fibularis tertius
o: fibula and interosseous border
i: base of metacarpal V
170
actions of the fibularis tertius
dorsiflexes and weakly everts the foot
171
innervation of the fibularus tertius
deep fibular nerve
172
origin and insertion of extensor hallicus longus
o: fibula and interosseous border
i: distal phalanx of great toe I
173
actions of the extensor hallicus longus
extends great toe (I) and dorsiflexes foot
174
innervations of extensor hallicus longus
deep fibular nerve
175
muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis
176
origin and insertion of fibularis longus
o: head and superior two thirds of shaft of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
i: base of metatarsal I , medial cuneiform
177
actions of the fibularis longus
everts foot, weak planatar flexor
178
innervation of fibularis longus
superficial fibular nerve
179
innervation of the fibularis longus
superficial fibular nerve
180
origin and insertion of fibularis brevus
o: fibula and interosseous border
i: base of metatarsal I, medial cuneiform
181
actions of the fibularis brevus
everts foot, weak plantar flexor
182
innervation of fibularis brevis
superficial fibular nerve
183
origin and insertion of fibularis gastrocnemius
o: superior posterior surface of lateral nad medial condyles of femur
i: calcaneus
184
action of the gastrocnemius
flexes leg, plantar flexes foot
185
innervation of the gastrocnemius
tibial nerve
186
origin and insertion of soleus
o: head and proximal shaft of fibula, medial border of tibia
i: calcaneus
187
actions of the soleus
plantar flexes foot
188
innervation of the soleus
tibial nerve
189
origin and insertion of plantaris
o: lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
i: posterior region of calcaneus
190
actions of the plantaris
weak leg flexor and plantar flexor
191
innervation of the plantaris
tibial nerve
192
origin and insertion of flexor digitorum longus
o: posteromedial surface of tibia
i: distal phalanges of toes 2-5
193
actions of the flexor digitorum longus
plantar flexes foot, flexes MP, PIP, DIP joints of toes 2-5
194
innervation of the flexor digitorum longus
tibial nerve
195
origin and insertion of flexor hallicus longus
o: posterior inferior two thirds of fibula
i: distal phalanx of great toe
196
actions of the flexor hallicus longus
plantar flexes foot, flexes MP and IP joints of big toe
197
innervation of flexor hallicus longus
tibial nerve
198
origin and insertion of tibialis posterior
o: fibula, tibia, and interosseous membrane
i: metatarsals II-IV, navicular bone, cuboid bone, all cuneiforms
199
actions of the tibialis posterior
plantar flexes foot, inverts foot
200
innervation of the tibialis posterior
tibial nerve
201
origin and insertion of popliteus
o: lateral condyle of femur
i: posterior, proximal surface of tibia
202
actions of the tibialis posterior:
plantar flexes foot, inverts foot
203
