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Human Anatomy > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

where are the origins and insertions of the Axial muscles

A

both origin and insertions on the axial skeleton

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2
Q

functions of the axial muscles

A
  • support the head and spinal column
  • used in facial expression, chewing, and swallowing
  • aid in breathing
    support and protection of the abdominal and pelvic organs
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3
Q

where do most of the muscles of the head and neck originate from

A

the hyoid bone

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4
Q

origin of the muscles for facial expression

A

superficial fascia or on the skull bones

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5
Q

insertion for the muscles of the facial expression

A

into the superficial fascia of the skin

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6
Q

what is the function of the muscles of facial expression

A

changes in facial expression

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7
Q

occipitofrontalis location

A

from the forehead to the occipital bone

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8
Q

functions of the occipitofrontalis

A

raising the eyebrows, wrinkling the skin of the forehead, moving scalp

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9
Q

innervation of the occipitofrontalis

A

facial nerve

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10
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

muscle surrounding the orbit

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11
Q

functions of the orbicularis oculi

A

closes eye, produces winking, blinking, squinting

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12
Q

innervation of the orbicularis oculi

A

facial nerve

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13
Q

function of the platysma

A

tenses the skin of the neck, pulls lower lip inferiorly

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14
Q

innervation of the platysma

A

facial nerve

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15
Q

function of the orbicularis oris

A

compresses and purses lips (kissing muscle)

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16
Q

innervation of the orbicularis oris

A

facial nerve

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17
Q

where is the orbicularis oris located

A

around the mouth

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18
Q

function of the risorius

A

draws the corner of lips laterally, tenses lips

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19
Q

what is a synergist for the zygomaticus

A

the risorius

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20
Q

innervation of the risorius

A

facial nerve

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21
Q

functions of the zygomaticus major

A

elevates the corner of the mouth (smile muscle)

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22
Q

innervation of the zygomaticus major

A

facial nerve

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23
Q

functions of buccinator

A

compress cheecks (holds food between teeth during chewing) trumpet blowing muscle

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24
Q

innervation of the buccinator

A

facial nerve

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25
Q

how many muscles are involved in moving the eye

A

6

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26
Q

what are the muscles that move the eye

A
  • medial, lateral, inferior, and superior rectus muscles
  • inferior and superior oblique muscles
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27
Q

where do the muscles that move the eye originate from

A

a common tendinous ring in the posterior orbit and inserts onto the outer surface of the eye

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28
Q

actions of the medial rectus

A

moves eyes medially (adducts eye)

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29
Q

innervatin of medial rectus

A

CN III (oculomotor nerve)

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30
Q

functions of lateral rectus

A

moves eye laterally (abducts eye)

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31
Q

innervation of lateral rectus

A

CN VI (abducens nerve)

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32
Q

functions of inferior rectus

A

moves eye inferiorly (depresses eye) and medially (adducts)

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33
Q

innervation of inferior rectus

A

CN III (oculomotor nerve)

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34
Q

function of superior rectus

A

moves eye superiorly (elevates eye) and medially (adducts)

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35
Q

innervation of superior rectus

A

CN III (oculomotor nerve)

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36
Q

function of inferior oblique

A

moves eye superiorly and laterally

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37
Q

innervation of inferior oblique

A

CN III (oculomotor nerve)

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38
Q

functions of superior oblique

A

moves eye inferiorly (depresses eye) and laterally

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39
Q

innervation of superior oblique

A

CN IV (trochlear nerve)

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40
Q

main functions of the muscles of mastication

A

involved in the process of chewing, moving mandible and TMJ

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41
Q

what is the innervation of all muscles of mastication

A

CN V trigeminal nerve

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42
Q

functions of the temporalis

A

elevates and retracts mandible

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43
Q

functions of the masseter

A

elevates and protracts mandible, prime mover of jaw closure

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44
Q

function of medial pterygoid

A

elevates and protracts mandible, produces side to side movement of mandible

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45
Q

functions of the lateral pterygoid

A

protracts mandible, produces side to sie movement of mandible

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46
Q

functions of the sternocleidomastoid

A

unilateral action: lateral flexion, rotation of head to opposite side
bilateral action: flexes neck

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47
Q

origin and insertion of the sternocleidomastoid

A

o: mabubrium and sternal end of clavicle
i: mastoid process

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48
Q

innervation of the sternocleidomastoid

A

accessory nerve

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49
Q

functions of the erector spinae

A

maintain posture and help stand erect.
bilateral contraction: extends the spinal column
unilateral contraction: flexes the column laterally

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50
Q

what are the muscles of respiration

A
  • external intercostals
  • internal intercostals
  • diaphragm
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51
Q

functions of external intercostals

A

elevates the ribs during inhalation

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52
Q

origin and insertion of the external intercostals

A

o: inferior border of superior rib
i: superior border of the inferior rib

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53
Q

innervation of the external intercostals

A

thoracic spinal nerves

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54
Q

functions of the internal intercostals

A

depresses the ribs during forced exhalation

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55
Q

origin and insertions of the internal intercostals

A

o: superior border of the inferior rib
i: inferior border of the superior rib

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56
Q

innervation of the external intercostals

A

thoracic spinal nerves

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57
Q

action of the diaphragm

A

contraction causes flattening of diaphragm = expansion of the thoracic cavity, increasing pressure in abdominopelvic cavity

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58
Q

origin and insertion of the diaphragm

A

o: inferior internal surface of ribs 7-12, xiphoid process of sternum and costal cartilages of inferior 6 ribs, lumbar vertebrae
i: central tendon

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59
Q

innervation of the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

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60
Q

action of the external obliques

A

unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column, rotation of vertebral column
bilateral: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall used in forced exhalation

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61
Q

innervation of the external obliques

A

spinal nerves

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62
Q

action of the internal oblique

A

unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column, rotation of vertebral column
bilateral action: flexes vertebral column and compresses abdominal wall

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63
Q

innervation of the interal oblique

A

spinal nerves

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64
Q

action of the transverse abdominis

A

unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column
bilateral: flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall, used in forced exhaustion

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65
Q

innervation of transverse abdominis

A

spinal nerves

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66
Q

action of rectus abdominis

A

flexes vertebral column, compresses abdominal wall, used in forced exhalation

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67
Q

innervation of rectus abdominis

A

spinal nerves

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68
Q

what are the muscles that mvoe the hip joint/thigh

A
  • psoas major
  • iliacus
  • sartorius
  • rectus femoris
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69
Q

orign and insertion of psoas major

A

o: transverse process and bodies of lumbar vertebra
i: lesser trochantero of femur

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70
Q

actions of the psoas major

A

flexion of thight/hip joint

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71
Q

innervation of the psoas major

A

branches of the lumbar plexus (femoral nerve)

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72
Q

what is a vestigial muscle in the muscles that move the hip and thigh

A

psoas minor

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73
Q

origin and insertion of sartorius

A

o: anterior superior iliac spine
i: medial side of tibial tuberosity

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74
Q

action of sartorius

A

flexes thigh and rotates thigh laterally, flexes leg and medially rotates leg

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75
Q

innervation of sartorius

A

femoral nerve

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76
Q

what is the sartorius also known as

A

the tailors muscle

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77
Q

origin and insertion of rectus femoris

A

o: anterior inferior iliac spine
i: quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament

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78
Q

actions of the rectus femoris

A

flexes thigh, extends leg

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79
Q

innervation of rectus femoris

A

femoral nerve

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80
Q

origin and insertion of iliacus

A

o: iliac fossa
i: lesser trochanter of femur with psoas major

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81
Q

actions of the iliacus

A

flexes thigh

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82
Q

innervation of the iliacus

A

femoral nerve

83
Q

muscles that move the hip joint/thigh

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • piriformis
  • superior gemellus
  • inferior gemellus
  • obturator internus
  • quadratys femoris
84
Q

origin and insertion of gluteus maximus

A

o: iliac crest, sacrum, cocyx
i: iliotibial tract of fascia late, linea aspera and gluteul tuberoistu of femur

85
Q

actions of gluteus maximus

A

extends thigh, laterally rotates thigh

86
Q

innervation of glutues maximus

A

gluteul nerve

87
Q

origin and insertion of gluteus medius

A

o: posterior iliac crest, lateral surface between posterior and anterior glutuel lines
i: greater trochanter of femur

88
Q

actions of gluteus medius

A

abducts thigh, medially rotates thigh

89
Q

innervation of the gluteus medius

A

gluteul nevrve

90
Q

origin and action gluteus minimus

A

o: lateral surface of ilium betwen inferior and anterior gluteul lines
i: greater trochanter of femur

91
Q

actions of the gluteus minimus

A

abducts thigh, medially rotates thigh

92
Q

innervation of the gluteus minimus

A

gluteul nerve

93
Q

origin and insertion of piriformis

A

o: anterolateral surface of sacrum
i: greater trochanter

94
Q

action of piriformis

A

laterally rotates thigh

95
Q

innervation of piriformis

A

nerve to piriformis

96
Q

origin and insertion of superior gamellus

A

o: ischial spine and tuberosity
i: obturator internus tendon (greater trochanter)

97
Q

action of the superior gamellus

A

laterally rotates thigh

98
Q

innervation of superior gamellus

A

nerve to obturator internus

99
Q

origin and insertion of obturator internus

A

o: posterior surface of obturator membrane, margins of obturator foramen
i: greater trochanter

100
Q

actions of the obturator internus

A

laterally rotates thigh

101
Q

innervation of obturator internus

A

nerve to obturator internus

102
Q

origin and insertion of inferior gamellus

A

o: ischial tuberosity
i: obturator internus tendon (greater trochanter)

103
Q

actions of the inferior gamellus

A

laterally rotate thigh

104
Q

innervation of inferior gamellus

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

105
Q

origin and insertion of quadratus femoris

A

o: lateral border of ischial tuberosity
i: intertrochanteric crest

106
Q

actions of the quadratus femoris

A

laterally rotates thigh

107
Q

innervation of quadratus femoris

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

108
Q

muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

A
  • adductor longus
  • adductor brevis
  • gracilis
  • pectineus
  • adductor magnus
  • obturator externus
109
Q

what muscles make up the iliotibial band

A

tensor fascia lata, with gluteus maximus

110
Q

origin and insertion of adductor longus

A

o: pubis near pubic symphysis
i: linea aspera of femur

111
Q

actions of the adductor longus

A

adducts thigh, flexes thigh

112
Q

innervation of the adductor longus

A

obturator nerve

113
Q

origin and insertion adductor brevis

A

o: inferior ramus and body of pubis
i: upper third of linea aspera of femur

114
Q

actions of the adductor brevis

A

adducts thigh, flexes thigh

115
Q

innervation of adductor brevis

A

obturator nerve

116
Q

origin and insertion of gracilis

A

o: inferior ramus and body of pubis
i: upper medial surface of tibia

117
Q

actions of the gracilis

A

adducts and flexes thigh, flexes leg

118
Q

inervation of the gracilis

A

obturator nerve

119
Q

origin and insertion of pectinius

A

o: pectineal line of pubis
i: pectineal line of femur

120
Q

actions of the pectinius

A

adducts thigh, flexes thigh

121
Q

innervation of the pectinius

A

femoral nerve or obturator nerve

122
Q

origin and insertion of adductor magnust

A

o: inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosity
i: hamstring part linea aspera of femur adductor part: adductor tubercle of femur

123
Q

actions of adductor magnus

A

adducts thigh, flexes thigh (adductor part), extends and laterally rotates thigh (hamstring part)

124
Q

innervation of adductor magnus

A

adductor part: obturator nerve
hamstring part: tibial division of sciatic nerve

125
Q

origin and insertion of tensor fascia latae

A

o: iliac crest and lateral surface of anterior superior iliac spine
i: iliotibial band

126
Q

actions of the tensor fascia latae

A

abducts and medially rotates the thigh

127
Q

innervation of tensor fascia latae

A

superior gluteul nerve

128
Q

muscles of the posterior thigh compartment

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
129
Q

origin and insertion biceps femoris

A

o: long head: ischial tuberosity
short head: linea aspera of femur
i: head of fibula

130
Q

actions of the biceps femoris

A

extends thigh, flexes leg, laterally rotates leg

131
Q

innervation of the biceps femoris

A

long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve
short head: common fobular division of sciatic nerve

132
Q

origin and insertion of semimembranosus

A

o: ischial tuberosity
i: posterior surface of medial condyle

133
Q

actions of the semimembranosus

A

extends thigh and flexes leg, medially rotates leg

134
Q

innervation of the semimembranosus

A

tibial nerve

135
Q

origin and insertion of semitendinosus

A

o: ishcial tuberosity
i: proximal medial surface of tibia

136
Q

actions of semitendinosus

A

extends thigh and flexes leg, medially rotates leg

137
Q

innervation of semitendinosus

A

tibial nerve

138
Q

origin and insertion of rectus femoris

A

o: anterior inferior iliac spine
i: quadriceps tendon to patella and then patelllar ligament to tibial tuberosity

139
Q

actions of rectus femoris

A

extens leg, flexes thigh

140
Q

innervation of rectus femoris

A

femoral nerve

141
Q

vastus intermedius

A

o: anterolateral surface of femur
i: quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

142
Q

action of vastus intermedius

A

extends leg

143
Q

innervation of the vastus intermedius

A

femoral nerve

144
Q

origin and insertion of vastus lateralis

A

o: greater trochanter and linea aspera
i: quadriceps tendon to patella and then patellllar liagemt to tibial tuberosity

145
Q

actions of the vastus lateralis

A

extends the leg

146
Q

innervation of the vastus lateralis

A

femoral nerve

147
Q

origin and insertion of the vastus medialis

A

o: intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of femur
i: quadriceps tendon to the patella to the patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity

148
Q

actions of the vastus medialis

A

extends the leg

149
Q

innervation of the vastus medialis

A

femoral nerve

150
Q

what muscles are activated on the way down from a squat

A

the glutes and the hamstring (for the hip)

151
Q

what are the muscles that are activated on the way up of a squat

A

the extensors of the hip and knee joint (quads)

152
Q

at what point is the maximum glute activation

A

below 90 degrees of a squat

153
Q

what are the muscles that perform abduction at the hip/thigh

A
  • glutues medius
  • gluteus maximus
  • tensor fasciae latae
154
Q

what are the muslces that perform adduction at the hip/thigh

A
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor brevis
  • gracilis
  • pectineus
155
Q

what are the muscles that perform extension of the hip/ thigh joint

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • adductor magnus (hamstring part)
  • long head of biceps femoris
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendonosis
156
Q

muscles that perform flexion of the hip/thigh

A
  • iliopsoas
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
  • pectinius
  • sartorious
  • rectus femoris
  • gracilis
157
Q

muscles that perform lateral rotation of the hip/thigh

A
  • adductor magnus
  • gluteus maximus
  • sartorious
  • obturator internus
  • piriformis
  • superior gamellus
  • inferior gamellus
  • quadratus femoris
158
Q

muscles that perform medial rotation of the thigh/hip

A
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fascia latae
159
Q

what are the three compartments of the lower leg

A

anterior, posterior, and lateral

160
Q

muscles of the anterior compartment of the lower leg

A
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • extensor hallicus longus
  • fibularis tertius
  • tibialis anterior
161
Q

what is another name for the four anterior muscles of the leg

A

crural muscles since they cross the ankle joint

162
Q

origin and insertion of the extensor digitorum longus

A

o: tibia, fibula, interosseous border
i: distal phalanges of toes 2-5

163
Q

actions of the extensor digitorum longus

A

extends toes 2-5, dorsiflexes foot

164
Q

innervation of the extensor digitorum longus

A

deep fibular nerve

165
Q

origin and insretion of the tibialis anterior

A

o: tibia and interosseous border
i: metatarsal I and first medial cuneiform

166
Q

actions of the tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexes floot, inverts foot (prevents overpronation)

167
Q

innervation of the tibialis anterior

A

deep fibular nerve

168
Q

what is adult-acquired flatfoot

A

a common condition in adults (sedentary or lack of activation) where the tibialis anterior wakens and is unable to support the arch

169
Q

origin and insertion of the fibularis tertius

A

o: fibula and interosseous border
i: base of metacarpal V

170
Q

actions of the fibularis tertius

A

dorsiflexes and weakly everts the foot

171
Q

innervation of the fibularus tertius

A

deep fibular nerve

172
Q

origin and insertion of extensor hallicus longus

A

o: fibula and interosseous border
i: distal phalanx of great toe I

173
Q

actions of the extensor hallicus longus

A

extends great toe (I) and dorsiflexes foot

174
Q

innervations of extensor hallicus longus

A

deep fibular nerve

175
Q

muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg

A
  • fibularis longus
  • fibularis brevis
176
Q

origin and insertion of fibularis longus

A

o: head and superior two thirds of shaft of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia
i: base of metatarsal I , medial cuneiform

177
Q

actions of the fibularis longus

A

everts foot, weak planatar flexor

178
Q

innervation of fibularis longus

A

superficial fibular nerve

179
Q

innervation of the fibularis longus

A

superficial fibular nerve

180
Q

origin and insertion of fibularis brevus

A

o: fibula and interosseous border
i: base of metatarsal I, medial cuneiform

181
Q

actions of the fibularis brevus

A

everts foot, weak plantar flexor

182
Q

innervation of fibularis brevis

A

superficial fibular nerve

183
Q

origin and insertion of fibularis gastrocnemius

A

o: superior posterior surface of lateral nad medial condyles of femur
i: calcaneus

184
Q

action of the gastrocnemius

A

flexes leg, plantar flexes foot

185
Q

innervation of the gastrocnemius

A

tibial nerve

186
Q

origin and insertion of soleus

A

o: head and proximal shaft of fibula, medial border of tibia
i: calcaneus

187
Q

actions of the soleus

A

plantar flexes foot

188
Q

innervation of the soleus

A

tibial nerve

189
Q

origin and insertion of plantaris

A

o: lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
i: posterior region of calcaneus

190
Q

actions of the plantaris

A

weak leg flexor and plantar flexor

191
Q

innervation of the plantaris

A

tibial nerve

192
Q

origin and insertion of flexor digitorum longus

A

o: posteromedial surface of tibia
i: distal phalanges of toes 2-5

193
Q

actions of the flexor digitorum longus

A

plantar flexes foot, flexes MP, PIP, DIP joints of toes 2-5

194
Q

innervation of the flexor digitorum longus

A

tibial nerve

195
Q

origin and insertion of flexor hallicus longus

A

o: posterior inferior two thirds of fibula
i: distal phalanx of great toe

196
Q

actions of the flexor hallicus longus

A

plantar flexes foot, flexes MP and IP joints of big toe

197
Q

innervation of flexor hallicus longus

A

tibial nerve

198
Q

origin and insertion of tibialis posterior

A

o: fibula, tibia, and interosseous membrane
i: metatarsals II-IV, navicular bone, cuboid bone, all cuneiforms

199
Q

actions of the tibialis posterior

A

plantar flexes foot, inverts foot

200
Q

innervation of the tibialis posterior

A

tibial nerve

201
Q

origin and insertion of popliteus

A

o: lateral condyle of femur
i: posterior, proximal surface of tibia

202
Q

actions of the tibialis posterior:

A

plantar flexes foot, inverts foot

Human Anatomy (12 decks)

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