Chapter 6 Flashcards
what are bones
complex organs containing all four types of tissue cells
what are the tissues present in bone
blood, muscle, nervous, and epithelial tissue
what is the bone mainly comprised of
bone connective tissue
describe the extracellular matrix of the bone
sturdy and rigid
why is the ECM of the bone sturdy and rigid
due to the deposition of minerals
what is calcification
the process of the formation of mineral content and the deposition of Ca2+
functions of bone
- support
- protection
- movement
-hemopoiesis - storage of mineral and energy reserves
what is hemopoiesis
making of blood in medullary vacity of long bones
what are the classifications of bones
long bones
shirt bones
flat bones
irregular bones
long bones
greater length than width
short bones
nearly equal length and width
flat bones
thin surfaces
irregular bones
complex shapes
are are words to descripe the general structure and gross anatomy of long bones
diaphysis, epiphysis, metaphysis, articular cartilage, medullary cavity, endosteum, periosteum
diaphysis
elongated, cylindrical shaft
metaphysis
region between diaphysis and epiphysis
contains epiphyseal plate
what is an epiphyseal plate
a growth plate
articular cartilage
thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis
- reduces friction and absorbs shock in moveable joints
medullary cavity
hollow, cylindrical shape in diaphysis
- in a adults it contains yellow bone marrow
endosteum
covers most internal surfaces of bones
- contains osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts
periosteum
- dense irregular connective tissue
- covers external surfaces of bones
acts as anchor for blood vessels and nerves - contains osteoprogenitor cells and osterblasts
what are the cells of bones
osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, ostecytes, and osteoclasts
osteoprogenitor cells
mesenchymal stem cells found in endosteum and periosteum, can produce more stem cells or osteoblastsos
osteoblasts
form bone matris